scholarly journals Modelling of the еconomic growth factors: The case of the Ural regions and the Russian Federation

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (3) ◽  
pp. 112-131
Author(s):  
Daria S. Benz
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Growth Rate ◽  
Growth Factors ◽  
Technological Innovation ◽  
National Economy ◽  
Growth Rates ◽  
Industrial Production ◽  
Outcome Variable ◽  
Fixed Assets ◽  
Per Capita

Current pandemic-induced downturn has made the problem of economic growth even more acute for the Ural regions of Russia. The national economy is stagnating and trans mits the same processes to the regional economies. The paper aims to identify the economic growth factors for eight Ural regions and for the national economy as a whole. The author mod els the functions of economic growth for regions that are part of both the Ural Federal District and the Ural macroregion, thereby consciously expanding the study for comparative analysis. Methodologically, the paper relies on the theory of economic growth and theory of produc tion (works of C. W. Cobb, P. H. Douglas, R. M. Solow). The author uses econometric tools and builds regressions for eight regions and the national economy, where the outcome variable is the growth rate of gross regional product. The independent variables include the growth rates of the following indicators: industrial production, employment, investments in fixed assets, cost of fixed assets, average per capita incomes, costs of technological innovations. The source of statistical information is Rosstat data covering the period 1995–2018. Based on the constructed functions, the researcher draws a number of conclusions. For the majority of the Ural regions, as well as for the Russian economy, the deciding and the most elastic factor is the growth rate of industrial production. Results among regions vary, but in total, the growth rate of average per capita incomes is the second most important factor. The increase in employment affects greatly the economic growth, especially in those regions that have seen a drastic decline in the labour force over the past decades. The costs of technological innovation do not demonstrate high elasticity. The author suggests that the reason is that their amount is extremely small. Even high growth rates of costs of technological innovation do not produce a visible result, since their level remains catastrophically low. The results of the study can be used in the regional and national socioeconomic development strategies, as well as serve a basis for further economic studies.

scholarly journals Examining GDP Growth and Its Volatility: An Episodic Approach

Entropy ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 23 (7) ◽  
pp. 890
Author(s):  
Jakub Bartak ◽  
Łukasz Jabłoński ◽  
Agnieszka Jastrzębska
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Genetic Algorithm ◽  
Time Series ◽  
Human Capital ◽  
Growth Rates ◽  
Structural Breaks ◽  
Negative Relationship ◽  
Gdp Per Capita ◽  
Gdp Growth ◽  
Per Capita

In this paper, we study economic growth and its volatility from an episodic perspective. We first demonstrate the ability of the genetic algorithm to detect shifts in the volatility and levels of a given time series. Having shown that it works well, we then use it to detect structural breaks that segment the GDP per capita time series into episodes characterized by different means and volatility of growth rates. We further investigate whether a volatile economy is likely to grow more slowly and analyze the determinants of high/low growth with high/low volatility patterns. The main results indicate a negative relationship between volatility and growth. Moreover, the results suggest that international trade simultaneously promotes growth and increases volatility, human capital promotes growth and stability, and financial development reduces volatility and negatively correlates with growth.

Biotechnology Law in The Socialist Republic of Vietnam

2005 ◽  
Vol 2 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Sarah E. Hilmer
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Growth Rate ◽  
National Economy ◽  
Agricultural Production ◽  
Economic Liberalization ◽  
Structural Reforms ◽  
Socialist Republic ◽  
Communist State ◽  
Science Technology ◽  
The People

IntroductionThe communist state of Vietnam with its currently 64 provinces (tinh) and 5 municipalities (thu do), experienced little economic growth over the last two decades. This was a result of the more conservative leadership policies in the country. However, since 2001 Vietnamese authorities have committed to economic liberalization, whereby structural reforms were enacted, as well as the economy was modernized and the country produced more competitive, export-driven industries.With a population of approximately 82,689,518, over 70 % of the people are involved in agricultural production, such as paddy rice, corn, potatoes, rubber, soybeans, coffee, tea, bananas, sugar; pigs, and fish. Other active development of the country, besides agriculture, is considered to be industry with its imports and exports. The growth rate of the national economy is estimated of 7.2 % on average, and investments for science, technology and environmental protection can be seen as the major reasons of economic growth.

scholarly journals ANALYSIS OF TRENDS IN THE DEVELOPMENT OF THE NATIONAL ECONOMY BY REGIONAL SIGN TAKING INTO ACCOUNT THE ECOLOGICAL COMPONENT

2020 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 50-54
Author(s):  
Kostiantyn Shaposhnykov ◽  
Yuriy Pavelko
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
National Economy ◽  
Growth Rates ◽  
Population Decline ◽  
Environmental Damage ◽  
Gdp Growth ◽  
Mathematical Methods ◽  
Constant Attention ◽  
Protection Measures ◽  
Environmental Component

The purpose of this work is to study the development of the national economy in recent years taking into account the environmental component. It is proved that providing conditions for long-term economic growth is the primary task of macroeconomy of any country. Unstable development of the national economy in recent decades accompanied by prolonged crises, as well as a slow path of reforming all spheres of life on the way to building a democratic society with a developed market economy cause constant attention of domestic scientists to this direction. Methodology. The results of environmental protection measures are classified, based on the practical use of modern economic and mathematical methods and models. Results. It is proved that when using these methods, the results of law enforcement measures can be divided into the following groups: in the conditions of positive rates of economic development, the volumes of atmospheric emissions of pollutants and carbon dioxide had a negative dynamics. This scenario of environmental and economic efficiency is the most desirable; positive growth rates of fresh water use are inferior to GDP growth rates, the rates of waste generation and water abstraction exceed the dynamics of GDP growth. This scenario is the least acceptable, as not only environmental damage is increasing in absolute terms, but environmental performance is also deteriorating. Practical implications. The period of 2015–2018 was chosen for research as it was characterized by the resumption of gradual economic growth in most sectors of the economy after the deep crisis of 2014. The available data of the State Statistics Service of Ukraine for 2019 has not currently contained complete information on volumes anthropogenic impact. The leaders of regional development in terms of GRP growth in 2015–2018 were Volyn (+ 5.72%), Kyiv (+ 5.66%) and Zhytomyr (+ 5.00%) regions. In contrast, the most depressed regions with negative economic growth rates were Donetsk (-1.86%), Luhansk (-0.84%) and Poltava (-0.51%) regions. In the latter region, the rate of population decline exceeded the increase in labor productivity, resulting in a decrease in performance. Value/originality of the work is the analysis of trends in the national economy taking into account the environmental component, which in contrast to the existing comes from modern experience of practical use of economic and mathematical methods, which allows to develop recommendations based on quantitative estimates.

scholarly journals The Evolution of Economic Activity in the Rural Area of Region 2 South - East

2021 ◽  
Vol 95 ◽  
pp. 01007
Author(s):  
Daniela – Lavinia Balasan ◽  
Dragoş Horia Buhociu
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Growth Rate ◽  
Economic Development ◽  
Economic Activity ◽  
Labour Force ◽  
Standard Of Living ◽  
Economic Growth Rate ◽  
Current State ◽  
Per Capita ◽  
The Impact

When we talk about economic development, we can refer to improve the standard of living and the prosperity of the population. This is due by increasing per capita income. In order to analyze economic activity, severe indicators must be studied, namely productivity, economic growth rate, labour force share, gross domestic product. In order to carry out as accurate an analysis as possible, it is required to discover the bottlenecks and problems that Region 2 South East makes and to develop a set of reservations and indications leading to the reduction and, why not, the removal of negative aspects. The main purpose of this work is to achieve a strategic plan by studying the current state and the impact of the economic system in recent times in all its forms, with a view to the development of the countryside of Region 2 South – East. I set out to create a website based on the advice of small rural entrepreneurs that evolves gathering information in realistically identifying all the strengths and concentrating them in the region’s potential innovation.

scholarly journals Demographic Cycles and Economic Growth: The Long Swing Reconsidered

1969 ◽  
Vol 29 (4) ◽  
pp. 633-656 ◽  
Author(s):  
Allen C. Kelley
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Growth Rates ◽  
Secular Trend ◽  
Equal Distribution ◽  
Aggregate Production ◽  
Price Series ◽  
History Of ◽  
Per Capita ◽  
The Business Cycle ◽  
Capita Output

For many Western countries the history of the last two centuries reveals both a sustained rise in per capita output and a tendency toward a more equal distribution of the economic product. The experience has been characterized, however, by repetitive fluctuations in the levels and growth rates of aggregate production and its components. The length of the shorter of these fluctuations, the business cycle, ranges from the 40- to 45-month inventory cycle to the so-called Juglar of seven to ten years. Two other classes of interruptions in the secular trend have also been singled out for study by economic historians. The first is the Kondratieff cycle, a movement of roughly fifty years which has been primarily identified in price series. The second is the Kuznets cycle, or “long swing,” which in length is between the Juglar and the Kondratieff. The long swing constitutes the primary theme of this study.

A Comparison of the Economic Growth of the Baltic States between the Two World Wars

2016 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-23 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zenonas Norkus
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Gross Domestic Product ◽  
Growth Rates ◽  
Gdp Per Capita ◽  
Gdp Growth ◽  
Economic Output ◽  
Measurement Units ◽  
Per Capita ◽  
Cross Country ◽  
The Baltic

AbstractThis paper contributes to cliometric research on the economic output of Finland, Estonia, Lithuania and Latvia between 1913 and 1938. For Finland, gross domestic product (GDP) values from Maddison project dataset are accepted. For Estonia, Arno Köörna’s and Jaak Valge’s estimates are endorsed with reservations for 1923–1924. According to an optimistic estimate, Lithuania’s GDP per capita was below all-Russian mean in 1913, but was not less than USSR level in 1938, while Gediminas Vaskela’s pessimistic estimate of the 1938 Lithuanian GDP implies its GDP growth underperformance. Using new sources, the first estimates of Latvia’s output for the 1913–1938 period in cross-country and cross-temporally comparable measurement units (1990 Geary Khamis international $) are substantiated. Under optimistic estimates of Lithuanian GDP growth, this country was on par with Finland in terms of annual growth rates, with Latvia following next and Estonia displaying the weakest growth performance.

scholarly journals The influence of demographic factors on the economic development of the Azerbaijan: the interconnection problem

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Saleh Nagiyev
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Growth Rate ◽  
Economic Development ◽  
18Th Century ◽  
Demographic Factors ◽  
Gdp Per Capita ◽  
Gdp Growth ◽  
World Population ◽  
Per Capita ◽  
The Impact

Demographic factors have sometimes occupied center-stage in the discussion of the sources of economic growth. In the 18th century, Thomas Malthus made the pessimistic forecast that GDP growth per capita would fall due to a continued rapid increase in world population. There is a straightforward accounting relationship when identifying the sources of economic growth: Growth Rate of GDP = Growth Rate of Population + Growth Rate of GDP per capita, where GDP per capita is simply GDP divided by population. This article examines the interconnection between economic development and the demographic policy of Azerbaijan. The article analyzes various approaches of the impact of demographic factors on the economic development of a country. The following demographic factors have been identified and described as significant for the economic development: fertility dynamics, mortality dynamics, population size and gender and age structure.

scholarly journals Decomposition of Economic Growth in Sri Lanka: Deep Look into the Service Sector

2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 1416-1422
Author(s):  
Pivithuru Janak Kumarasinghe ◽  
M P M D Sandaruwan
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Growth Rate ◽  
Sri Lanka ◽  
Service Sector ◽  
Time Series Data ◽  
Series Data ◽  
Specific Service ◽  
Policy Makers ◽  
Research Findings ◽  
Per Capita

The service sector gives the highest contribution to the economic growth of the country and it is about more than 50. Therefore service sector give the highest contribution for the economic growth in Srilanka. Through this research the service sector is decomposed. This empirical study was to measuring the contribution for the economic growth in Sri Lanka by service sector. Time series data is used to identify the decomposition of economic growth in Sri Lanka by Service. Annually data is collected from 2006 to 2014. This study mainly focused on growth decomposition methodology developed by Ivanov and Webster and this methodology used to decompose economic growth in Sri Lanka by service sector. This model presents an approach that is general and it can be applied to other countries. The methodology identifies the direct impacts of specific service sector components on the per capita growth of real gross domestic product. The study found that each service sector components in this analysis has a very different contribution to the growth rate in the economy. The research findings would provide guidance to the policy makers to develop policies, procedures, programs and standards.

scholarly journals Insulin-like growth factors and body growth in chickens divergently selected for high or low growth rate

2001 ◽  
Vol 168 (2) ◽  
pp. 297-306 ◽  
Author(s):  
C Beccavin ◽  
B Chevalier ◽  
LA Cogburn ◽  
J Simon ◽  
MJ Duclos
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Growth Factors ◽  
Growth Rates ◽  
Growth Potential ◽  
Mrna Levels ◽  
Igf Binding Proteins ◽  
Nutritional Conditions ◽  
Igf I ◽  
Igf Binding ◽  
Insulin Like Growth Factors

Insulin-like growth factors (IGFs) stimulate growth rate in a number of animal species and are likely to contribute to genetic variations of growth potential. The present study was designed to link levels of IGF-I and IGF-II mRNA and peptides with growth rate in divergently selected genotypes of chickens with high (HG) or low (LG) growth rates. Circulating IGF-I and -II and hepatic mRNA levels were measured under ad libitum feeding conditions from 1 to 12 weeks of age, and at 6 weeks of age under three different nutritional conditions (fed, fasted for 16 or 48 h, re-fed for 4 or 24 h after a 48-h fast). IGF binding proteins (IGFBPs) were also measured. Circulating IGFs increased with age and were higher in HG chickens from 1 to 6 weeks. They decreased with fasting and only IGF-II was fully restored after 24 h of re-feeding, while IGF-I remained low. A significant decrease in steady state IGF-I mRNA levels was also observed with fasting. Across the nutritional study, hepatic IGF-I mRNAs were significantly higher in HG chickens. Variations of IGF-II mRNA levels with nutritional state or genotype exhibited a similar trend. IGFBP (28, 34 and 40 kDa) levels increased with age, while only faint differences were observed between genotypes. IGFBP-28 transiently increased with fasting and was inversely related to blood glucose and insulin levels, suggesting that it is equivalent to mammalian IGFBP-1. In HG chickens, IGFBP-28 and IGFBP-34 levels decreased markedly following re-feeding. Therefore, high and low growth rates were respectively associated with high and low IGF-I and -II levels, supporting the hypothesis of a stimulatory role for both IGFs during post-hatching growth of chickens.

MINIMUM CONSUMPTION REQUIREMENTS: THEORETICAL AND QUANTITATIVE IMPLICATIONS FOR GROWTH AND DISTRIBUTION

1999 ◽  
Vol 3 (4) ◽  
pp. 482-505 ◽  
Author(s):  
Satyajit Chatterjee ◽  
B. Ravikumar
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Growth Rate ◽  
Steady State ◽  
Wealth Distribution ◽  
Household Wealth ◽  
Elasticity Of Substitution ◽  
Positive Dependence ◽  
Per Capita ◽  
State Growth ◽  
The Impact

We study the impact of a minimum consumption requirement on the rate of economic growth and the evolution of wealth distribution. The requirement introduces a positive dependence between the intertemporal elasticity of substitution and household wealth. This dependence implies a transition phase during which the growth rate of per-capita quantities rise toward their steady-state values and the distributions of wealth, consumption, and permanent income become more unequal. We calibrate the minimum consumption requirement to match estimates available for a sample of Indian villagers and find that these transitional effects are quantitatively significant and depend importantly on the economy's steady-state growth rate.

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