scholarly journals The study of output current in photovoltaics cell in series and parallel connections

2020 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 7-12
Author(s):  
Norlinda Binti Mohd Yusof ◽  
Annuar Bin Baharuddin
Keyword(s):  
Photovoltaic Effect ◽  
Photovoltaic Cells ◽  
Preliminary Observation ◽  
System Efficiency ◽  
Output Current ◽  
Current Clamp ◽  
Parallel Arrangement ◽  
In Series ◽  
Parallel Connections ◽  
Good Agreement

Photovoltaic cells in solar is an electrical device that converts the energy of light directly into electricity by the photovoltaic effect.  In this work, series and parallel arrangement of the photovoltaic cells in solar system were investigated over a range of voltage, current and power. The data obtained were statistically analyzed to predict the optimal energy conservation of photovoltaic cells and finally experiments were conducted for verification.  The experiment designed is to observe the output current in both series and parallel PV cells arrangement with the output current of the three sets of photovoltaic cells (PV), with a minimum input supply of 18.7V DC and 8.82A respectively. Digital multimeter and current clamp meter are the main instruments used to measure the parameters in the experiment. The parameters for the circuit are analyzed based on the voltage, current, power and the efficiency of the system. Indeed, the output current and voltage for both arrangements were able to be used to derive the efficiency of the system and showed good agreement with the results from the preliminary observation.  It is shown that the efficiency of parallel arrangement is higher compare to the series. Therefore, considerable investigation towards the types of arrangements is of great importance since it can determine the better system efficiency when there are any faulty panels

The Piezoelectric Valve-Less Pump: Series and Parallel Connections

2014 ◽  
Vol 137 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Amos Ullmann ◽  
Yehuda Taitel
Keyword(s):  
Preferential Flow ◽  
Flow Direction ◽  
Open Circuit ◽  
Low Flow ◽  
Operational Conditions ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Parallel Arrangement ◽  
In Series ◽  
Computational Fluid Dynamics Cfd ◽  
Parallel Connections

The piezoelectric valve-less pump is an attractive device to be used as a micropump for low flow rates. In these pumps, the nozzle/diffuser elements that have a preferential flow direction replace conventional valves, to direct the flow from the inlet to the outlet. This work is a study on the performance of such pumps when several of them (up to four) are combined for use in series and/or parallel arrangement. Two basic pumping configurations are considered: (a) pumping of fluid from low pressure to a higher pressure in an open circuit and (b) pumping of fluid in a closed circuit through a flow resistance. The performance analysis procedure developed is simple and quick and allows studying a wide range of operational conditions. Such an analysis is difficult to conduct using elaborate computational fluid dynamics (CFD) approach. The performance characteristics of the different combinations is reported and critically evaluated.

Effect of series and parallel combination of photovoltaic thermal collectors on the performances of integrated active solar still

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-28
Author(s):  
G N Tiwari ◽  
Md Meraj ◽  
M.E. Khan ◽  
V K Dwevedi
Keyword(s):  
Water Depth ◽  
Electrical Energy ◽  
Solar Still ◽  
Packing Factor ◽  
Pv Module ◽  
Parallel Arrangement ◽  
Passive Solar Still ◽  
In Series ◽  
Parallel Case ◽  
Operating Temperature Range

Abstract In this paper, an analytical expression for hourly yield, electrical energy and overall exergy of self-sustained solar still integrated with series and parallel combination of photovoltaic thermal-compound parabolic concentrator (PVT-CPC) collectors have been derived. Based on numerical computations, it has been observed that the yield is maximum for all self-sustained PVT-CPC collectors are connected in series [case (i)]. Further, the daily yield and exergy increase with the increase of water depth unlike passive solar still for all collectors connected in series. However, overall exergy decreases with an increase of water depth for all collectors connected in parallel [case (iv)]. For numerical simulations, the total numbers of self-sustained PVT-CPC collectors has been considered as constant. Further, an effect of series and parallel combination of PVT-CPC collectors on daily yield, electrical energy and overall exergy have also been carried out. Following additional conclusions have also been drawn: (i) The daily yield of the proposed active solar still decreases with the increase of packing factor of semi-transparent PV module for a given water depth and electrical energy and overall exergy increase with water depth for case (i) as expected due to low operating temperature range at higher water depth in the basin. (i) The daily yield, electrical energy and overall exergy increase with the increase of water depth for all combination of series and parallel arrangement of PVT-CPC collectors for a packing factor of 0.22 as per our expectation.

Structure Optimal Design Based on Distributed-Current-Feed Mode Oriented to Electromagnetic Launching System

2014 ◽  
Vol 701-702 ◽  
pp. 1218-1222
Author(s):  
Yu Feng Zheng ◽  
Han Hong Jiang ◽  
Jun Yong Lu
Keyword(s):  
Optimal Design ◽  
System Performance ◽  
Pulsed Power ◽  
System Efficiency ◽  
Output Current ◽  
Feeding Style ◽  
Muzzle Velocity ◽  
Important Approach ◽  
Feed Mode ◽  
And Performance

Controlling the output current characteristic of the pulsed power system is the important approach to optimize the parameters and to heighten the system efficiency in the Electromagnetic Launching System. For enhancing the system performance, distributed-current-feed style is introduced. A distributed current feeding-in model is established and the characteristic and performance is analyzed. Stimulation depicts:1)adopting the distributed feeding style results in more efficient than the central feeding style ;2)employing the new method of distributed-feed-timing-discharging goes a step further to heighten the muzzle velocity. The new model is meaningful to optimize the structure of the electromagnetic launching system, and is effective to the design of the launcher and current-feeding-in system.

Investigation of a Compound Perforated Panel Absorber With Backing Cavities Partially Filled With Polymer Materials

2015 ◽  
Vol 137 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
C. Q. Wang ◽  
Y. S. Choy
Keyword(s):  
Sound Absorption ◽  
Normal Incidence ◽  
Polyester Fiber ◽  
Polymer Materials ◽  
Element Simulation ◽  
Parallel Arrangement ◽  
Cavity Configuration ◽  
Absorption Performance ◽  
Good Agreement ◽  
Panel Absorber

The paper concerns the sound absorption performance of a compound absorber which consists of a parallel arrangement of multiple perforated panel absorbers of different backing cavity depths partially filled with poroelastic polymer materials. Three polymer materials are considered: expandable polystyrene (EPS) foam, polymethacrylimide (PMI) foam, and polyester fiber. The normal incidence sound absorption coefficients of the compound panel absorber are tested experimentally. Results show that the former two foams can achieve similar absorption performance to the rigid cavity configuration, while the resonances shift to lower frequencies due to the changes of effective cavity depths. It is also found that the additional attenuation by polymer foams may improve sound absorption, but the effect is marginal. For polyester fiber, results show that it performs more like a single perforated panel absorber. Finite element simulation of the compound panel absorber is also discussed, and good agreement is observed between simulated and experimental results.

Approaches to Predicting the Vertical Transmissibility of a Suspension Seat With a Seated Subject

2020 ◽  
Vol 142 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jun Wu ◽  
Meihuan Wang ◽  
Yi Qiu
Keyword(s):  
High Frequency ◽  
Dynamic Stiffness ◽  
The Other ◽  
Human Model ◽  
Apparent Mass ◽  
Frequency Range ◽  
Air Suspension ◽  
In Series ◽  
Inert Mass ◽  
Good Agreement

Abstract In this paper, four methods were put forward to predict the transmissibility of an air suspension seat with a seated subject. For characterizing the dynamics of the suspension seat, two of the methods were based on developing a model of the air suspension seat and calibrating the parameters using the transmissibilities of the suspension and complete seat respectively with an inert mass from the experiment. The other two methods substituted the detailed modeling of the seat by two dynamic stiffness connecting in series calculated from two same transmissibilities measured in the experiment. For characterizing the biodynamics of the human body, two of the methods took advantage of the normalized apparent mass from published papers to take the place of the human model, while the other two methods made use of one measured seat transmissibility with a subject to deduce the apparent masses of all the subjects. Good agreement was illustrated between the experiment and model prediction for all the four methods. In addition, it also exhibited that a large discrepancy can be resulted in, especially in the high-frequency range, if the seat model was substituted by one integrated dynamic stiffness.

Development of GaSb Photoreceiver Arrays for Solar Thermophotovoltaic Systems

2006 ◽  
Vol 129 (3) ◽  
pp. 283-290 ◽  
Author(s):  
Diego Martín ◽  
Carlos Algora ◽  
Victoria Corregidor ◽  
Alejandro Datas
Keyword(s):  
Circuit Simulation ◽  
Photovoltaic Cells ◽  
Current Source ◽  
Simulation Software ◽  
Solar Photovoltaics ◽  
Nonuniform Illumination ◽  
Conversion System ◽  
In Series ◽  
Cell Arrays ◽  
Grid Design

In comparison to conventional solar photovoltaics, where sun radiation is converted into electricity directly by solar cells, solar thermophotovoltaic (STPV) conversion has some specific advantages. These advantages come from the fact that in thermophotovoltaics the photon radiator is always inside the conversion system and near the photovoltaic cells. For these reasons we are developing small prototypes with sun heated emitters and photoreceiver arrays to be installed inside complete STPV systems. In order to achieve these complete STPV systems, the first step is to determine the optimum way of packaging the TPV cells into STPV arrays, choosing the best series/parallel configurations depending on the TPV cell band gap, the size of arrays, and the materials. This is the goal of this paper. To carry out the calculations, 18 and 24 cell arrays have been connected following different series and parallel configurations, using the PSPICE commercial circuit-simulation software. Each TPV cell is simulated as a block consisting of the well-known photogenerated current source, two dark diodes of ideality factors equal to one and two, and two resistances, one in parallel and the other in series. As a result, recommendations about the size and front grid design of the GaSb cells are obtained. When the optimally designed cells are connected to be included in two specific systems, recommendations about the best parallel/series connection are achieved. Evaluation on the performance of the arrays at nonuniform illumination is also carried out. The first photoreceiver arrays are being constructed and implemented in real STPV systems following these recommendations.

Computational Analysis of Nanofluid Cooling of High Concentration Photovoltaic Cells

2014 ◽  
Vol 6 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Z. Xu ◽  
C. Kleinstreuer
Keyword(s):  
Reynolds Number ◽  
Energy Use ◽  
Volume Fraction ◽  
Cooling System ◽  
Optimal Parameter ◽  
Photovoltaic Cells ◽  
System Efficiency ◽  
Operational Parameters ◽  
High Concentration ◽  
Temperature Range

High concentration photovoltaic devices require effective heat rejection to keep the solar cells within a suitable temperature range and to achieve acceptable system efficiencies. Various techniques have been developed to achieve these goals. For example, nanofluids as coolants have remarkable heat transfer characteristics with broad applications; but, little is known of its performance for concentration photovoltaic cooling. Generally, a cooling system should be designed to keep the system within a tolerable temperature range, to minimize energy waste, and to maximize system efficiency. In this paper, the thermal performance of an Al2O3-water cooling system for densely packed photovoltaic cells under high concentration has been computationally investigated. The model features a representative 2D cooling channel with photovoltaic cells, subject to heat conduction and turbulent nanofluid convection. Considering a semi-empirical nanofluid model for the thermal conductivity, the influence of different system design and operational parameters, including required pumping power, on cooling performance and improved system efficiency has been evaluated. Specifically, the varied system parameters include the nanoparticle volume fraction, the inlet Reynolds number, the inlet nanofluid temperature, and different channel heights. Optimal parameter values were found based on minimizing the system's entropy generation. Considering a typical 200-sun concentration, the best performance can be achieved with a channel of 10 mm height and an inlet Reynolds number of around 30,000, yielding a modest system efficiency of 20%. However, higher nanoparticle volume fractions and lower nanofluid inlet temperatures further improve the cell efficiency. For a more complete solar energy use, a combined concentration photovoltaic and thermal heating system are suggested.

Ac and Dc Characterization and Spice Modeling of Short Channel Polysilicon Tfts

1996 ◽  
Vol 424 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. D. Jacunski ◽  
M. S. Shur ◽  
T. Ytterdal ◽  
A. A. Owusu ◽  
M. Hack
Keyword(s):  
Frequency Dispersion ◽  
Channel Length ◽  
Short Channel ◽  
Spice Model ◽  
Dc Characteristics ◽  
Physically Based ◽  
In Series ◽  
Drain Bias ◽  
Long Channel ◽  
Good Agreement

AbstractWe present an analytical SPICE model for the AC and DC characteristics of n and p channel polysilicon TFTs which scales fully with channel length and width in all regimes of operation (leakage, subthreshold, above threshold, and kink) and accounts for the frequency dispersion of the capacitance. Once physically based parameters have been extracted from long channel TFTs, which include the gate length and drain bias dependencies of the device parameters, our model accurately reproduces short channel device characteristics. The AC model includes the input channel resistance in series with the gate oxide capacitance. As a result, our model is able to fit the frequency dispersion of the device capacitances. The model has been implemented in the AIM-Spice simulator and good agreement is observed between measured and modeled results for gate lengths down to 4 gim.

Currents in series and parallel connections of small inner bore coils wound from Bi(2223)/Ag tapes and treated by the wind and react technique

1999 ◽  
Vol 12 (8) ◽  
pp. 507-513 ◽  
Author(s):  
P Kovác ◽  
L Cesnak ◽  
T Melisek ◽  
I Husek ◽  
P Bukva ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
In Series ◽  
Parallel Connections
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