scholarly journals KINERJA KELOMPOK USAHA BERSAMA (KUB) NELAYAN GILLNET DI BARSELA ACEH

2017 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 73
Author(s):  
Muhammad Rizal ◽  
Budy Wiryawan ◽  
Sugeng Hari Wisudo ◽  
Iin Solihin ◽  
John Haluan
Keyword(s):  
Gap Analysis ◽  
Economic Value ◽  
Development Program ◽  
Economic Aspect ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Cultural Economic ◽  
Environmental Aspect ◽  
Purposive Sampling ◽  
Strategic Issues ◽  
Cultural Aspects

<p align="center"><strong><em>ABSTRACT</em></strong></p><p><em>Nowadays, the development of f</em><em>isheries strategic issues </em><em>is related to </em><em>poverty and welfare of fishermen. In 2010 - 2014, Ministry of Marine and Fisheries implemented Business Development Program of Rural Area by creating a Joint Business Group (</em><em>J</em><em>B</em><em>G</em><em>) to help traditional and small scale fishermen who categorized as poor. This study aimed to determine the performance of JBG of gillnet fishermen and to identify the attributes of performance (aspects of institutional, socio-cultural, economic, environmental and policy) in Barsela Aceh. Data was collected by purposive sampling method from 13 JBG of gillnet fishermen. IPA analysis and gap analysis were performed to measure each attribute and attribute's performance. The results showed that the value of the gap in the aspect of the institution of 1.87, and socio-cultural aspect of 1.91, which are categorized as good enough. Furthermore, the value of the economic aspect (2,12), environmental aspect (2,43) and policy aspect (2.21) are categorized as less good</em><em>. </em><em>The attributes which categorized as </em><em>a top priority</em><em> (in quadrant A) are the aspect of institution, namely; human resources quality of JBG, the level of utilization of information technology and marketing, participation in training event, frequency of training held by related agencies and traditional institutions and the effectiveness of PPTK. Socio-cultural aspects are the desire to be independent culture, work ethic culture, group cohesiveness, and JBG assets are jointly managed. In economic aspect are active savings and loan activities, the level of turnover development of JBG and the level of market opportunities for JBG fishermen's business. Environmental aspects are the effectiveness of target fish species catch, high economic value of fish and environment-friendly technologies. Policy aspects are sanctioned policies for fictitious JBG, policies about who can become a member of JBG, policy management in preparing a joint business plan and sanctions for members who violate the rules.</em><em></em></p><p class="TubuhTulisanAll"><strong><em>Keywords:</em></strong><strong><em> </em></strong><em>Barsela Aceh, </em><em>JBG</em><em>, gillnet</em><em> fishermen</em><em></em></p><p align="center"><strong>ABSTRAK</strong></p><p class="Abstrakisi">Perkembangan isu strategis perikanan saat ini adalah kemiskinan dan kesejahteraan nelayan. Kementerian Kelautan dan Perikanan Tahun 2010-2014 melaksanakan Program Pengembangan Usaha Mina Perdesaan (PUMP) dengan membuat Kelompok Usaha Bersama (KUB) untuk membantu nelayan tradisional dan kecil yang masih tergolong miskin. Penelitian ini bertujuan yaitu mengetahui kinerja KUB nelayan <em>gillnet</em> dan mengidentifikasi atribut kinerjanya (aspek lembaga, sosial budaya, ekonomi, lingkungan dan kebijakan) di Barsela Aceh. Metode pengambilan data <em>purposive sampling, </em>dimana<em> </em>data diambil secara sengaja pada 13 KUB nelayan <em>gillnet</em>. Analisis data yang digunakan yaitu analisis IPA untuk menilai setiap atribut dan analisis kesenjangan (gap) untuk menilai kinerja setiap atribut. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa nilai kesenjangan pada aspek lembaga (1,87) dan aspek sosial budaya (1,91) yaitu katagori cukup baik. Selanjutnya nilai pada aspek ekonomi (2,12), aspek lingkungan (2,43) dan aspek kebijakan (2,21) yaitu katagori kurang baik. Serta atribut yang prioritas yaitu posisi atribut kuadran A (diprioritaskan) pada aspek lembaga adalah kualitas SDM KUB, tingkat pemanfaatan akses informasi teknologi dan pemasaran, keikutsertaan kegiatan pelatihan, intensitas pembinaan dari instansi terkait dan lembaga adat dan keefektifan PPTK. Aspek sosial budaya adalah budaya ingin mandiri, budaya etos kerja, kekompakan kelompok, dan aset KUB dikelola secara bersama. Aspek ekonomi adalah aktifnya kegiatan simpan pinjam, tingkat perkembangan omset KUB dan tingkat peluang pasar untuk usaha KUB nelayan. Aspek lingkungan adalah efektivitas jenis ikan target yang tertangkap, ikan ekonomis tinggi dan teknologi ramah lingkungan. Aspek kebijakan adalah aturan sanksi bagi KUB fiktif, kebijakan tentang yang bisa menjadi anggota KUB, kebijakan manajemen dalam menyusun rencana usaha bersama dan aturan sanksi bagi anggota yang melanggar.</p><strong>Kata kunci:</strong>  Barsela Aceh, KUB, nelayan <em>gillnet</em>

Planning Replicable Small Flow Wastewater Treatment Facilities in Developing Nations

1993 ◽  
Vol 28 (10) ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Gaber ◽  
M. Antill ◽  
W. Kimball ◽  
R. Abdel Wahab
Keyword(s):  
Wastewater Treatment ◽  
Wastewater Treatment Plants ◽  
Local Development ◽  
Treatment Plant ◽  
Development Program ◽  
The United States ◽  
Appropriate Technology ◽  
Funding Agency ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Technology Choice

The implementation of urban village wastewater treatment plants in developing countries has historically been primarily a function of appropriate technology choice and deciding which of the many needy communities should receive the available funding and priority attention. Usually this process is driven by an outside funding agency who views the planning, design, and construction steps as relatively insignificant milestones in the overall effort required to quickly better a community's sanitary drainage problems. With the exception of very small scale type sanitation projects which have relatively simple replication steps, the development emphasis tends to be on the final treatment plant product with little or no attention specifically focused on community participation and institutionalizing national and local policies and procedures needed for future locally sponsored facilities replication. In contrast to this, the Government of Egypt (GOE) enacted a fresh approach through a Local Development Program with the United States AID program. An overview is presented of the guiding principals of the program which produced the first 24 working wastewater systems including gravity sewers, sewage pumping stations and wastewater treatment plants which were designed and constructed by local entities in Egypt. The wastewater projects cover five different treatment technologies implemented in both delta and desert regions.

scholarly journals Housing Programs for the Poor in Addis Ababa: Urban Commons as a Bridge between Spatial and Social

2021 ◽  
pp. 009614422198997
Author(s):  
Marianna Charitonidou
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Urban Planning ◽  
Low Income ◽  
Addis Ababa ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Development Program ◽  
Housing Program ◽  
Cultural Aspects ◽  
The Poor ◽  
The Government

The article presents the reasons for which the issue of providing housing to low-income citizens has been a real challenge in Addis Ababa during the recent years and will continue to be, given that its population is growing extremely fast. It examines the tensions between the universal aspirations and the local realities in the case of some of Ethiopia’s most ambitious mass pro-poor housing schemes, such as the “Addis Ababa Grand Housing Program” (AAGHP), which was launched in 2004 and was integrated in the “Integrated Housing Development Program” (IHDP) in 2006. The article argues that the quotidian practices of communities and their socio-economic and cultural characteristics are related to the spatial attributes of co-housing practices. Drawing upon the idea that there is a mutual correspondence between social and spatial structures, it places particular emphasis on the analysis of the IHDP and aims to show that to shape strategies that take into account the social and cultural aspects of daily life of the poor citizens of Addis Ababa, it is pivotal to invite them to take part in the decision-making processes regarding their resettlement. Departing from the fact that a large percentage of the housing supply in Addis Ababa consists of informal unplanned housing, the article also compares the commoning practices in kebele houses and condominium units. The former refers to the legal informal housing units owned by the government and rented to their dwellers, whereas the latter concerns the housing blocks built in the framework of the IHDP for the resettlement of the kebele dwellers. The article analyzes these processes of resettlement, shedding light of the fact that kebele houses were located at the inner city, whereas the condominiums are located in the suburbs. Despite the fact that the living conditions in the condominium units are of a much higher quality than those in the kebele houses, their design underestimated or even neglected the role of the commoning practices. The article highlights the advantages of commoning practices in architecture and urban planning, and how the implementation of participation-oriented solutions can respond to the difficulties of providing housing. It argues that understanding the significance of the endeavors that take into account the opinions of dwellers during the phase of decision-making goes hand in hand with considering commoning practices as a source of architecture and urban planning frameworks for low-cost housing in this specific context. The key argument of the article is that urban planning and architecture solutions in Addis Ababa should be based on the principles of the so-called “negotiated planning” approach, which implies a close analysis of the interconnections between planning, infrastructure, and land.

scholarly journals Assessing market-based conservation governance approaches: a socio-economic profile of Indonesian markets for wild birds

Oryx ◽  
2011 ◽  
Vol 45 (4) ◽  
pp. 482-491 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paul Jepson ◽  
Richard J. Ladle ◽  
Sujatnika
Keyword(s):  
Native Species ◽  
Wildlife Conservation ◽  
Scale Up ◽  
Policy Instrument ◽  
Wild Birds ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Poor Growth ◽  
Cultural Aspects ◽  
Depth Analysis ◽  
Conservation Governance

AbstractOne of the most difficult situations for conservation is where state capacity to regulate is weak, major corporate organizations are absent, and the population does not have a strong culture of wildlife conservation. All these apply to the hugely popular urban Indonesian pastime of keeping wild songbirds, thought to be responsible for rolling local extinctions of several native species. In such situations the introduction of a voluntary, market-based approach could interact with regulation to create new and more effective approaches to reducing the negative conservation impacts of the associated trade. Here we assess the potential of such an approach through an in-depth analysis of the socio-economic and cultural aspects of bird keeping. We project that overall the pastime contributes USD 78.8 million to the economies of the six cities surveyed, supporting a range of associated small-scale rural and urban livelihoods relating to the production of cages and collection of live bird food. Finally, we describe five general bird-breeding models with the capacity to scale up the production of captive-bred birds that may substitute for wild-caught conspecifics. Based on this information we argue that a market-based policy instrument that is capable of shifting bird-keeping trends from wild-caught birds to captive-bred alternatives would align easily with macro-policy agendas in Indonesia relating to pro-poor growth and the creation of more and better jobs. Such a policy instrument could provide exciting opportunities for conservationists to engage the interest and support of non-conservation sectors in Indonesia in efforts to conserve diminishing populations of wild birds.

Non-Linear Stress Analysis of Complex Umbilical Cross-Sections

2002 ◽  
Author(s):  
Svein Sævik ◽  
Knut I. Ekeberg
Keyword(s):  
Cross Section ◽  
Axial Force ◽  
Plastic Material ◽  
Axial Strain ◽  
Development Program ◽  
Full Scale ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Applied Theory ◽  
Element Formulation ◽  
Material Models

Nexans Norway is, together with Marintek, currently developing a software for detailed analysis of complex umbilical cross-section designs. The software development project combines numerical methods with small-scale testing of involved materials, as well as full-scale testing of a wide variety of umbilical designs, essential for calibration and verification purposes. Each umbilical design is modelled and comparisons are made with respect to global behaviour in terms of: • Axial strain versus axial force; • Axial strain versus torsion; • Torsion versus torsion moment for various axial force levels; • Moment versus curvature for different tension levels. The applied theory is based on curved beam and curved axisymmetric thin shell theories. The problem is formulated in terms of finite elements applying the Principle of Virtual Displacements. Each body of the cross-section interacts with the other bodies by contact elements which are formulated by a penalty formulation. The contact elements operate in the local surface coordinate system and include eccentricity, surface stiffness and friction effects. The software is designed to include the following functionality: • Arbitrary geometry modelling including helical elements wound into arbitrary order; • The helical elements may include both tubes and filled bodies; • Elastic, hyper-elastic, and elastic-plastic material models; • Initial strain; • Contact elements, including friction; • Tension, torsion, internal pressure, external pressure, bending and external contact loading (caterpillars, tensioners, etc.). The paper focuses on the motivation behind the development program including a description of the different activities. The theory is described in terms of kinematics, material models and finite element formulation. A test example is further presented comparing predicted behaviour with respect to full-scale test results.

scholarly journals Economic Impacts on Human Health Resulting from the Use of Mercury in the Illegal Gold Mining in the Brazilian Amazon: A Methodological Assessment

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (22) ◽  
pp. 11869
Author(s):  
Leonardo Barcellos de Bakker ◽  
Pedro Gasparinetti ◽  
Júlia Mello de Queiroz ◽  
Ana Claudia Santiago de Vasconcellos
Keyword(s):  
Human Health ◽  
Gold Mining ◽  
Economic Value ◽  
Brazilian Amazon ◽  
Economic Losses ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Environmental Damage ◽  
Statistical Life ◽  
Life Years ◽  
Methodological Assessment

Artisanal small-scale gold mining (ASGM) in the Amazon results in the dumping of tons of mercury into the environment annually. Despite consensus on the impacts of mercury on human health, there are still unknowns regarding: (i) the extent to which mercury from ASGM can be dispersed in the environment until it becomes toxic to humans; and (ii) the economic value of losses caused by contamination becomes evident. The main objective of this study is to propose a methodology to evaluate the impacts of ASGM on human health in different contexts in the Brazilian Amazon. We connect several points in the literature based on hypotheses regarding mercury dispersion in water, its transformation into methylmercury, and absorption by fish and humans. This methodology can be used as a tool to estimate the extent of environmental damage caused by artisanal gold mining, the severity of damage to the health of individuals contaminated by mercury and, consequently, can contribute to the application of fines to environmental violators. The consequences of contamination are evaluated by dose-response functions relating to mercury concentrations in hair and the development of the following health outcomes: (i) mild mental retardation, (ii) acute myocardial infarction, and (iii) hypertension. From disability-adjusted life years and statistical life value, we found that the economic losses range from 100,000 to 400,000 USD per kilogram of gold extracted. A case study of the Yanomami indigenous land shows that the impacts of mercury from illegal gold mining in 2020 totaled 69 million USD, which could be used by local authorities to compensate the Yanomami people.

scholarly journals ANALISIS PENGARUH EVA, ROA DAN ROE TERHADAP RETURN SAHAM PADA PERUSAHAAN MANUFAKTUR DI BURSA EFEK JAKARTA TAHUN 2006-2008

2014 ◽  
Vol 14 (02) ◽  
Author(s):  
Wikan Budi Utami
Keyword(s):  
Capital Market ◽  
Economic Value ◽  
Value Added ◽  
Economic Value Added ◽  
Return On Assets ◽  
Return On Equity ◽  
Purposive Sampling

Tujuan dalam penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui pengaruh EVA, ROA dan ROE terhadap return pemegang saham.Sampel yang diambil dalam penelitian ini adalah perusahaan manufaktur yang terdaftar di Bursa Efek Jakarta (BEJ) yang tercantum dalam Indonesian Capital Market Directory dan internet dengan situs www.jsx.co.id sejak tahun 2006 sampai dengan 2008. Sampel penelitian ditentukan berdasarkan purposive sampling. Dalam penelitian ini uji asumsi klasik yang digunakan adalah: uji normalitas, uji Autokorelasi, uji Multikolinearitas, uji Heterokedastisitas, Uji Regresi (Uji f dan t).Pengujian hipotesis yang digunakan adalah uji f, uji t dan uji R2. Hasil uji F diperoleh nilai Fhitung sebesar 1,226 dengan tingkat signifikansi 0,317. Karena nilai signifikansi F lebih besar dari 0,05 maka disimpulkan tidak ada pengaruh simultan antara variabel Economic Value Added (EVA), Return on Assets (ROA), Return on Equity (ROE) terhadap Return Saham.Hasil uji t diperoleh variabel EVA memiliki tingkat signifikansi lebih dari 0,05 yaitu sebesar 0,100. Dengan tingkat signifikansi 0,100 yang lebih besar dari 0,05 disimpulkan bahwa secara parsial Economic Value Added (EVA) tidak berpengaruh terhadap Return Saham perusahaan. Variabel ROA memiliki tingkat signifikansi lebih besar dari 0,05 yaitu sebesar 0,789. Dengan tingkat signifikansi 0,789 lebih besar dari 0,05 disimpulkan bahwa secara parsial Return on Asset tidak berpengaruh terhadap Return Saham perusahaan. Variabel ROE memiliki tingkat signifikansi lebih dari 0,05 yaitu sebesar 0,689. Dengan tingkat signifikansi sebesar 0,689 yang lebih besar dari 0,05 disimpulkan bahwa secara parsial Return on Equity (ROE) tidak berpengaruh terhadap Return Saham perusahaanHasil uji koefisien determinasi diperoleh nilai R2 sebesar 0,109 atau 10,9%. Hal ini menunjukan bahwa 10,9% dari nilai variabel dependen yaitu Return Saham dapat dijelaskan oleh Economic Value Added (EVA), Return on Assets (ROA) dan Return on Equity (ROE) sedangkan sisa nilai variabel dependen yaitu  sebesar 89,1% tidak dapat dijelaskan oleh persamaan regresi atau dipengaruhi oleh faktor lain yang tidak termasuk dalam model analisis.Hasil penelitian ini diharapkan dapat memberi masukan bagi investor dalam melakukan invetasi saham dengan tidak hanya melihat kondisi perusahaan melalui rasio keuangan, khususnya melalui rasio EVA, ROA dan ROE tapi dengan rasio lain sebagai penentu investasi.Kata kunci: Economic Value Added (EVA), Return on Assets (ROA), Return on Equity (ROE) dan Return Saham

scholarly journals Strategi Komunikasi Pemerintah Kota Pariaman Pada Program Satu Keluarga Satu Sarjana

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 160-179
Author(s):  
Nofiardi Syarif ◽  
Elva Ronaning Roem ◽  
Ernita Arif
Keyword(s):  
Human Resources ◽  
Participant Observation ◽  
Development Program ◽  
Degree Program ◽  
Communication Strategy ◽  
City Government ◽  
Communication Model ◽  
Purposive Sampling ◽  
Government Websites ◽  
The One

Program Satu Keluarga Satu Sarjana merupakan program pembangunan pemerintah Kota Pariaman dalam upaya mengentaskan kemiskinan melalui peningkatan sumber daya manusia masyarakat di wilayahnya. Agar program dapat diterima dan mendapatkan partisipasi oleh khalayak dibutuhkan sebuah strategi komunikasi. Penelitian ini bertujuan mendeskripsikan strategi komunikasi pemerintah Kota Pariaman dalam pelaksanaan program Satu Keluarga Satu Sarjana dengan menggunakan model perencanaan strategi komunikasi lingkaran. Penelitian menggunakan metode kualitatif. Data dikumpulkan melalui observasi non-partisipasi dan wawancara mendalam dilakukan dengan empat orang informan yang dipilih dengan metode purposive sampling. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa strategi dalam pelaksanaan program dilakukan dalam bentuk sosialisasi langsung berupa dialog dan wawancara yang dilakukan petugas di lapangan, dan berkomunikasi menggunakan media luar ruang, website pemerintah, portal online serta media sosial. Sementara hambatan yang timbul di masyarakat berupa kesenjangan informasi dan tanggapan negatif terhadap program serta kurangnya sumber daya manusia dalam menciptakan komunikasi efektif.  The one-family one-degree program is a development program for the Pariaman city government to alleviate poverty by increasing the human resources of the people in the region. However, for the program to be accepted and get participation by the public, a communication strategy is needed. This study aims to describe the communication strategy of the Pariaman city government in the implementation of the one-family one-degree program using the circular communication model. This study used a qualitative method. Data were collected through non-participant observation and in-depth interviews with four informants selected by the purposive sampling method. The results showed that the implementation of the program was carried out in direct socialization in the form of dialogues and interviews conducted by officers in the field and communicating using outdoor media, government websites, online portals, and social media. Meanwhile, the obstacles that arise in the community were in the form of information gaps and negative responses to the program, and a lack of organizational human resources in creating effective communication.

scholarly journals ANALISIS SOSIAL EKONOMI DAN KERAMAHAN LINGKUNGAN ALAT TANGKAP SERO (SET NET) DI PERAIRAN PULAU BANGKUDULIS KABUPATEN TANA TIDUNG, KALIMANTAN UTARA

2019 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Gazali Salim ◽  
Muhammad Firdaus ◽  
Muhammad Fajar Alvian ◽  
Agus Indarjo ◽  
Permana Ari Soejarwo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Economic Value ◽  
Sampling Technique ◽  
Marine Biodiversity ◽  
Fishing Gear ◽  
Environmental Friendliness ◽  
Purposive Sampling ◽  
Fisheries Resources ◽  
Result Show ◽  
Quantitative Descriptive ◽  
Data Collection Technique

Perairan Pulau Bangkudulis merupakan daerah estuaria dengan tingkat keanekaragaman hayati yang tinggi. Kondisi ini berpotensi memiliki nilai ekonomi dalam kegiatan perikanan tangkap yang dilakukan secara berkelanjutan dan lestari. Potensi pemanfaatan perikanan salah satunya yaitu dengan menggunakan alat tangkap sero (set net) yang dilakukan oleh masyarakat Kabupaten Tana Tidung, Kalimantan Utara. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis sosial ekonomi dan tingkat keramahan lingkungan alat tangkap sero (set net) yang dilakukan di perairan Pulau Bangkudulis Kabupaten Tana Tidung, Kalimantan Utara dengan menggunakan pendekatan deskriptif kuantitatif. Teknik pengumpulan data dilakukan melalui survei dan wawancara, sementara itu teknik penentuan sampel dilakukan secara purposive sampling. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa dari sisi sosial ekonomi, alat tangkap sero merupakan salah satu alat tangkap yang menguntungkan bagi nelayan di Kabupaten Tana Tidung karena tidak bertentangan dengan budaya setempat dan tidak bertentangan dengan peraturan yang ada. Sero masuk ke dalam kategori alat tangkap yang berkelanjutan terhadap sumberdaya kelautan dan perikanan. Pemanfaatan alat tangkap sero (set net) dalam kegiatan perikanan tangkap di Pulau Bangkudulis mempunyai bobot 27,71, nilai ini masuk dalam kategori ramah lingkungan. Dimana alat tangkap sero tersebut telah memenuhi 3 kriteria tingkat keramahan lingkungan yaitu X2 tidak merusak lingkungan, X5 produksi tidak membahayakan konsumen dan X7 dampak terhadap biodiversitas.Titled: Socio Economic and Environmental Friendliness Analysis Set net Fishing Gear in The Waters of Bangkudulis Island, Tana Tidung Regency, North KalimantanThe waters of Bangkudulis Island is an estuary area with high marine biodiversity level. This condition is potential to have economic value in the sustainable and continuous capture fisheries activities. One of the fisheries utilization potential is by using set net fishing gear that conducted by community in Tana Tidung District. This research aimed to obtain environmental friendliness level using set net fishing gear in the waters of Bangkudulis Island Tana Tidung regency North Kalimantan by using quantitative descriptive approachment. Data collection technique was conducted by using survey and interview, while sampling technique was conducted by using purposive sampling. The result show that from socio-economic aspect, set net fishing gear is a profitable fishing gear for the fishermen in Tana Tidung Regency because it’s in line with local culture and existing regulation. Set net is categorized in the category of sustainable marine and fisheries resources fishing gear. The fisheries utilization by using set net in Bangkudulis Island has value of 27.71 and categorized in the category of environmentally friendly. Where the set net fishing gear meets three criteria of environmental friendliness namely X2 not damage the environment, X5 the production does not harm the consumers, and X7 impact to the biodiversity. 

Repetita Iuvant? A Repeated Randomized Controlled Trial on the Effectiveness of an At-Scale Teacher Professional Development Program

2021 ◽  
pp. 0193841X2110553
Author(s):  
Giovanni Abbiati ◽  
Gianluca Argentin ◽  
Andrea Caputo ◽  
Aline Pennisi
Keyword(s):  
Professional Development ◽  
Teacher Collaboration ◽  
Program Implementation ◽  
Program Effectiveness ◽  
Controlled Trial ◽  
Development Program ◽  
Professional Development Program ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Randomized Controlled ◽  
The Impact

Background A recent stream of literature recognizes the impact of good/poor implementation on the effectiveness of programs. However, implementation is often disregarded in randomized controlled trials (RCTs) because they are run on a small scale. Replicated RCTs, although rare, provide a unique opportunity to study the relevance of implementation for program effectiveness. Objectives Evaluating the effectiveness of an at-scale professional development program for lower secondary school math teachers through two repeated RCTs. Research Design The program lasts a full school year and provides innovative methods for teaching math. The evaluation was conducted on two cohorts of teachers in the 2009/10 and 2010/11 school years. The program and RCTs were held at scale. Participating teachers and their classes were followed for 3 years. Impact is estimated by comparing the math scores of treatment and control students. Subjects The evaluation involved 195 teachers and their 3940 students (first cohort) and 146 teachers and their 2858 students (second cohort). Measures The key outcome is students’ math achievement, measured through standardized assessment. Results In the first wave, the program did not impact on students’ achievement, while in the second wave, a positive, persistent, and not insignificant effect was found. After excluding other sources of change, different findings across waves are interpreted in the light of improvements in the program implementation, such as enrollment procedure, teacher collaboration, and integration of innovation in daily teaching. Conclusions Repeated assessment of interventions already at-scale provides the opportunity to better identify and correct sources of weak implementation, potentially improving effectiveness.

scholarly journals Sustainable Environmental Management and Valorization Options for Olive Mill Byproducts in the Middle East and North Africa (MENA) Region

Processes ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (6) ◽  
pp. 671
Author(s):  
Adnan Khdair ◽  
Ghaida Abu-Rumman
Keyword(s):  
Olive Oil ◽  
Fossil Fuels ◽  
Economic Value ◽  
Oil Production ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Waste Streams ◽  
Mena Region ◽  
Important Benefit ◽  
Olive Trees ◽  
Olive Mill

Cultivation of olive trees and olive oil production have been considered as a legacy for the Mediterranean region. This custom represents a very important benefit for many nations in terms of wealth and health. However, huge amounts of by-products and waste are generated during olive oil production. This represents a serious environmental impact on land and water bodies if not properly handled. Olive oil extraction generates two waste streams, a solid waste called pomace and olive mill wastewater (OMWW), which has been considered as highly pollutant and phytotoxic waste. These wastes have high disposal costs and predominantly generated from small-scale enterprises that have limited financial resources to treat them properly before discharge to the environment. Besides being a serious environmental problem, OMWW has potential economic value that remains to be utilized such as: fertilizers, valuable antioxidants agents and fatty acids needed in human diet. Also, Olive pomace is a valuable renewable energy source with an energy density of 23 MJ/kg and has become an inexpensive alternative for fossil fuels. Aiming at adding value to the olive production sectors and potential valorization options for byproducts in the MENA region, international practices applied in olive mills wastes management’s and treatment methods used in major oil producing countries are presented.

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