scholarly journals An Analysis of Correlation between Diameter Size and Shape of Particle Surface with Strawberry Granule Flow Rate

2018 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 125-130
Author(s):  
Ansar Ansar ◽  
Nazaruddin Nazaruddin ◽  
Ahmad Alamsyah ◽  
Atri Dewi Azis
Keyword(s):  
Rough Surface ◽  
Flow Rate ◽  
Smooth Surface ◽  
Particle Surface ◽  
Market Potential ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Surface Shape ◽  
Filling Material ◽  
Food Grade ◽  
Granule Diameter

Strawberry processing into instant drinks is very prospective because the market potential is still available. An important factor for this drink is the provision of granules that are easy to flow so they do not easy to caking. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to analysis correlation between the diameter and shape of the particle surface with the flow rate of strawberry granules. The raw material used was strawberry, while the filling material was lactose food grade. The process to make strawberry granules was conducted through some stages. Firstly, sorting the fruit, making concentrates, dough, and granules. The results of the research showed the smaller the granule diameter, the easier and faster it flows because it has a small friction force. Contrary, the larger the size of the granules diameter, the greater the friction among the granules, make them more difficult to flow. The surface shape of the granule also affects to the flow rate of the granule. The rough surface of the granule causes high bonding and friction on the surface of the particles, so that the flow rate of the granule was blocked. While smooth surface of the granule, the bond and friction among the particle surfaces are very small, so the granule flow rate was higher.  

The Research of Iron Containing Wastes Modification Process of Leninabad Rare Metals Plant

2021 ◽  
Vol 410 ◽  
pp. 778-783
Author(s):  
Pavel V. Matyukhin ◽  
Daler I. Mirzoev
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Building Materials ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Filling Material ◽  
Rare Metals ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Modification Process ◽  
Before And After ◽  
The Republic ◽  
Enrichment Process

The paper presents the results of ferriferous wastes modification process research carried on the basis of JCS “Leninobad rare metals Plant” located in the Republic of Tajikistan. The wastes for the study were taken from the western tailing. The article presents the justification of the chosen wastes as a filling material in the development of new radiation protective composite building materials. The data on the initial ferriferous chemical composition of the tailing wastes and the chemical composition of the material that passed the enrichment process is presented. The study contains microphotos of ferriferous haematite raw material particles surface before and after completing the modifying process. The paper presents and describes the study of X-ray phase analysis diffractograms of enriched iron-containing wastes before and after the modification process. The current research proves that the enrichment ferriferous wastes particles modification process is possible and as a result it can be used as a filling for the development of new kinds of radioprotective composite materials.

Effect Of Equivalent Ratio (ER) On the Flow and Combustion Characteristics in A Typical Underground Coal Gasification (UCG) Cavity

2021 ◽  
Vol 86 (2) ◽  
pp. 28-38
Author(s):  
Arup Kumar Biswas ◽  
Wasu Suksuwan ◽  
Khamphe Phoungthong ◽  
Makatar Wae-hayee
Keyword(s):  
Mass Flow ◽  
Flow Rate ◽  
Gas Flow ◽  
Coal Gasification ◽  
High Efficiency ◽  
Combustion Characteristics ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Underground Coal Gasification ◽  
Equivalent Ratio ◽  
Rubble Pile

Underground Coal Gasification (UCG) is thought to be the most favourable clean coal technology option from geological-engineering-environmental viewpoint (less polluting and high efficiency) for extracting energy from coal without digging it out or burning it on the surface. UCG process requires only injecting oxidizing agent (O2 or air with steam) as raw material, into the buried coal seam, at an effective ratio which regulates the performance of gasification. This study aims to evaluate the influence of equivalent ratio (ER) on the flow and combustion characteristics in a typical half tear-drop shape of UCG cavity which is generally formed during the UCG process. A flow modeling software, Ansys FLUENT is used to construct a 3-D model and to solve problems in the cavity. The boundary conditions are- (i) a mass-flow-inlet passing oxidizer (in this case, air) into the cavity, (ii) a fuel-inlet where the coal volatiles are originated and (iii) a pressure-outlet for flowing the product Syngas out of the cavity. A steady-state simulation has been run using k-? turbulence model. The mass flow rate of air varied according to an equivalent ratio (ER) of 0.16, 0.33, 0.49 and 0.82, while the fuel flow rate was fixed. The optimal condition of ER has been identified through observing flow and combustion characteristics, which looked apparently stable at ER 0.33. In general, the flow circulation mainly takes place around the ash-rubble pile. A high temperature zone is found at the air-releasing point of the injection pipe into the ash-rubble pile. This study could practically be useful to identify one of the vital controlling factors of gasification performance (i.e., ER impact on product gas flow characteristics) which might become a cost-effective solution in advance of commencement of any physical operation.

Convective Heat Transfer Performance of FC-72 in a Pin-Finned Channel

2008 ◽  
Author(s):  
Liang-Han Chien ◽  
S.-Y. Pei ◽  
T.-Y. Wu
Keyword(s):  
Heat Transfer ◽  
Heat Flux ◽  
Convective Heat Transfer ◽  
Convective Heat ◽  
Flow Rate ◽  
Smooth Surface ◽  
Heat Transfer Performance ◽  
Fluid Temperature ◽  
Transfer Performance ◽  
Finned Surface

This study investigates the influence of the heat flux and mass velocity on convective heat transfer performance of FC-72 in a rectangular channel of 20mm in width and 2 mm in height. The heated side has either a smooth surface or a pin-finned surface. The inlet fluid temperature is maintained at 30°C. The total length of the test channel is 113 mm, with a heated length of 25mm. The flow rate varies between 80 and 960 ml/min, and the heat flux sets between 18 and 50 W/cm2. The experimental results show that the controlling variable is heat flux instead of flow rate because of the boiling activities in FC-72. At a fixed flow rate, the pin-finned surface yields up to 20% higher heat transfer coefficient and greater critical heat flux than those of a smooth surface.

scholarly journals Wine market potential in Ukraine

Ekonomika APK ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 311 (9) ◽  
pp. 17-29
Author(s):  
Volodymyr Rossokha ◽  
Oleksandr Petrychenko
Keyword(s):  
Supply And Demand ◽  
Domestic Market ◽  
Market Potential ◽  
European Countries ◽  
Wine Industry ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Wine Consumption ◽  
Production And Consumption ◽  
Per Capita ◽  
Wine Market

The purpose of the article is to carry out a comprehensive analysis of the raw material market of wine products, production and distribution of wine through sales channels, opportunities and restrictions on the sale of wine in domestic and foreign markets; to determine the state and potential volumes of wine consumption in Ukraine; to elaborate ways and directions of development of production and consumer potential of the domestic wine market to ensure supply and demand formation. Research methods includes an abstract-logical method to substantiate the production and consumer potential of the market; analysis and synthesis – to establish the size of the area, yield, gross harvest, processing of grapes into wine materials, range of products, geography of export and import and wine consumption; economical and statistical and balance methods – for identifying trends and patterns of production and factors influencing the market of wine products, imbalances in the production and consumption of wine in the domestic market; comparative and calculation-constructive methods – to compare the levels of wine consumption in Ukraine and EU countries and substantiation of the consumer potential of the wine market in Ukraine; standard-cost method - for determining the amount of investment in the raw material base of the wine industry to develop production capacity and ensure supply in the wine market. Research results. Analysis of the market dynamics in the segments of grape growing and processing, the nomenclature of production, distribution and consumption of wine showed the discrepancy between the supply of raw materials on the market for loading the capacity of wineries, accompanied by the filling the domestic market with imported products. The ratio of wine exports to imports, production volumes to exports and imports, the share of domestic production and imports in the consumption fund and per capita has been established. The capacity of the domestic market for wine consumption in Ukraine at the level of European countries and the amount of investment to ensure its supply of wine products is determined. The ways and directions of development of production and consumer potential of the domestic wine market are outlined. Scientific novelty. The disproportions in the production and consumption of wine in the domestic market, the differences in the consumption of wine per capita in Ukraine and European countries are grounded. The production and consumer potentials of the domestic wine market have been determined. The volumes of investments, ways and directions of development of the production and consumer potential of the market for the interaction of supply and demand have been established. Practical significance. The investigated trends in the development of the production and consumer potential of the wine market serve as a guideline for making rational management decisions on the choice of ways and directions for increasing production and domestic consumption of products of the wine industry.

scholarly journals Production of Unsaturated Fatty Acids Concentrate Tablets from Sardinella sp. Oil

2020 ◽  
Vol 147 ◽  
pp. 03008
Author(s):  
Rodiah Nurbaya Sari ◽  
Hari Eko Irianto ◽  
Ema Hastarini
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Flow Rate ◽  
Unsaturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Dosage Forms ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Solid Dosage Forms ◽  
Fixed Angle ◽  
Pharmaceutical Ingredients ◽  
Solid Dosage ◽  
Size Uniformity

Tablets are medicinal ingredients in solid dosage forms which are usually prepared with suitable pharmaceutical ingredients. In this study, unsaturated fatty acids concentrate from Sardinella sp. oil was used as raw material and then it was microencapsulated. The microcapsule was formulated into a tablet with proportion of 250 mg concentrated unsaturated fatty acids for each 450 mg tablet. Tablet granules were analyzed for compressibility, flow rate, and fixed angle. While, the tablets were determined for weight uniformity, released time, hardness, and tablet size uniformity. The results showed that compressibility, flow rate and fixed angle of the tablet granules were 5.6%; 10.36 g/sec; and 32.4° respectively. Tablets had 447.85 mg weight uniformity; 48’12” released time; and 0.775 kg hardness. In addition, the tablet size uniformity with diameter 10 mm and thickness 4 mm was 2.5. Based on the pharmacopoeia, the tablets of unsaturated fatty acids concentrate from Sardinella sp. oil had met these requirements, but optimization was still needed for improving the released time and hardness of the tablet.

Effective boundary conditions for Stokes flow over a rough surface

1996 ◽  
Vol 316 ◽  
pp. 223-240 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kausik Sarkar ◽  
Andrea Prosperetti
Keyword(s):  
Rough Surface ◽  
Stokes Flow ◽  
Smooth Surface ◽  
Traction Force ◽  
Slip Condition ◽  
Partial Slip ◽  
Ensemble Averaging ◽  
Effective Boundary ◽  
Exact Boundary ◽  
Effective Boundary Conditions

Ensemble averaging combined with multiple scattering ideas is applied to the Stokes flow over a stochastic rough surface. The surface roughness is modelled by compact protrusions on an underlying smooth surface. It is established that the effect of the roughness on the flow far from the boundary may be represented by replacing the no-slip condition on the exact boundary by a partial slip condition on the smooth surface. An approximate analysis is presented for a sparse distribution of arbitrarily shaped protrusions and explicit numerical results are given for hemispheres. Analogous conclusions for the two-dimensional case are obtained. It is shown that in certain cases a traction force develops on the surface at an angle with the direction of the flow.

Effects of Friction on Contact of Transverse Ground Surfaces

1994 ◽  
Vol 116 (3) ◽  
pp. 430-437 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. B. Mann ◽  
T. N. Farris ◽  
S. Chandrasekar
Keyword(s):  
Rough Surface ◽  
Contact Pressure ◽  
Smooth Surface ◽  
Bulk Material ◽  
Elastic Half Space ◽  
Material Surface ◽  
Asperity Contact ◽  
Hertz Contact ◽  
Effective Stresses ◽  
Subsurface Stress

The two-dimensional plane-strain sliding contact of a smooth rigid roller on a transverse ground rough surface is analyzed. The rough surface is idealized as an elastic half-space with periodic roughness modeled as cylindrical ridges oriented transverse to the sliding direction. The contact problem is solved using a numerical iterative method in which each asperity contact is treated as a micro-Hertz contact, and the exact treatment of asperity interaction is included. The subsurface stress field is calculated using Westergaard stress functions. The subsequent analysis compares the rough surface stress fields with the corresponding smooth Hertz contact to evaluate the influence of surface roughness and friction on the subsurface stress distributions. The results show that the real area of contact is less than the corresponding smooth surface Hertz contact area, and the magnitude of the actual localized maximum contact pressure is always greater than the corresponding smooth surface contact pressure. The asperity level subsurface effective stresses are greater in magnitude than the maximum subsurface stress due to the macro-Hertz contact for low coefficients of friction, and for high coefficients of friction the maximum effective stresses occur on the bulk material surface.

Suppression of Self-Excited Flow Instability in a Radial Diffuser Using Rough Surfaces

2006 ◽  
Author(s):  
Saad A. Ahemd ◽  
Hayder Salem
Keyword(s):  
Flow Rate ◽  
Smooth Surface ◽  
Flow Instability ◽  
Rough Surfaces ◽  
Flow Coefficient ◽  
Flow Instabilities ◽  
Low Flow ◽  
Flow Rates ◽  
Flow Limit ◽  
Stable Operating

Flow instabilities in a compression system at low flow rates set the flow limit of the stable operating range. Experiments to investigate the feasibility of controlling the stall in the radial diffuser of a low speed centrifugal compressor were carried out. The technique was very simple and involved using rough surfaces (i.e., sand papers) attached to the diffuser shroud. The results showed that the flow instability in the diffuser (stall) was delayed to a lower flow coefficient (the mass flow rate could be reduced to 70% of its value with the smooth surface) when the rough surfaces were positioned on the diffuser shroud.

Flow Transition Behavior of the Wetting Flow Between the Film Flow and Rivulet Flow on an Inclined Wall

2011 ◽  
Vol 133 (9) ◽  
Author(s):  
Yoshiyuki Iso ◽  
Xi Chen
Keyword(s):  
Flow Rate ◽  
Liquid Flow ◽  
Surface Texture ◽  
Film Flow ◽  
Liquid Flow Rate ◽  
Flow Simulation ◽  
Surface Shape ◽  
Two Phase ◽  
Vof Model ◽  
Rivulet Flow

Gas-liquid two-phase interfacial flows, such as the liquid film flows (also known as wetting flows on walls), are observed in many industrial processes including absorption, desorption, distillation, and so on. The present study focuses on the characteristics of wetting flows, in particular the drastic transition between the film flow and rivulet flow, as the liquid flow rate and the wall surface texture treatments are varied. The three-dimensional gas-liquid two-phase interfacial flow (wetting flow) simulation is based on the volume of fluid (VOF) model. As the liquid flow rate is increased and then decreased, a hysteresis of the transition between the film flow and rivulet flow is discovered, which implies that the transition phenomenon depends primarily on the history of the change of interfacial surface shape (which affects the process of the flow pattern transition). The applicability and accuracy of the present numerical simulation is validated by using the existing experimental and theoretical studies. Further study on the effect of texture geometry shows that the surface texture treatments added on the wall can impede liquid channeling and increase the wetted area.

Optimal Design of an Electrothermal Microfluidic Pump

2009 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. Du ◽  
Souran Manoochehri
Keyword(s):  
Flow Pattern ◽  
Flow Rate ◽  
Smooth Surface ◽  
Wet Etching ◽  
Oscillating Flow ◽  
Planar Case ◽  
Ac Electrokinetics ◽  
Actuation Mechanism ◽  
Pumping System ◽  
Optimization Methodology

AC electrokinetics in microfluidic systems has been extensively investigated for its great potential in microfluidic pumping applications. The oscillating flow pattern in a microchannel with planar floor configuration restricts the pumping capacity due to the fast recirculating vortices over the electrode surface positioned in the microchannel floor. Patterned microgrooved floor in a fluidic microchannel can be employed to modify the flow pattern and make it uniaxial thus increase the net flow rate. Silicon KOH wet etching can be utilized to fabricate the microgrooved floor of the channel for its highly smooth surface quality and precise and reproducible configuration. We have developed an optimization methodology for the design of microgrooved configuration for a microfluidic pump using alternating current electrothermal (AC ET) actuation mechanism. The flow rate for the AC ET pumping system with optimized microgrooved floor can be higher as compared to the planar case without any significant increases of the temperature profile. In this paper, we are presenting the results of an optimum microgrooved floor configuration for an effective pumping application.

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