scholarly journals PREGNANCY AND FOOD

2011 ◽  
Vol 18 (02) ◽  
pp. 189-194
Author(s):  
AFSHAN SHAHID ◽  
MAHMOOD AHMED ◽  
FARAH RASHID ◽  
Mohammad Wasif Khan ◽  
Mahmood-ur- Rehman
Keyword(s):  
Sample Size ◽  
Computer Software ◽  
Sampling Technique ◽  
Antenatal Clinic ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Food Beliefs ◽  
Gynecology And Obstetrics ◽  
Effect Of Food ◽  
The Masses

Objective: The aim of the study was to assess the existing beliefs and practices regarding food during pregnancy. Design: Cross-sectional study. Place and duration of study: The present study was conducted in Antenatal Clinic, Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics at Holy Family Hospital, Rawalpindi. This study was conducted in four months time from September 1st to December 31st, 2008. Patients and methods: Sample size was 189 pregnant females who were attending the Antenatal Clinic, Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics at Holy Family Hospital, Rawalpindi. This was calculated by computer software called Raosoft- a sample size calculator by keeping confidence level 95%, margin of error 5%, and response rate 86%. Simple Convenience Sampling technique was used. Results: 89% believed that there is an effect of food on pregnancy and 11% did not. Despite of high literacy rate (93%) there are certain strong food beliefs regarding pregnancy which have been practiced by pregnant ladies, which were effecting their food intake like hot, cold, badi and having difficult labour. Conclusions: All available resources for creating awareness among the masses regarding the importance of diet during pregnancy should be used properly by using all means of communication (especially mass media).

scholarly journals Academic Stress among High School Students in a Rural Area of Nepal: A Descriptive Cross-sectional Study

2020 ◽  
Vol 58 (225) ◽  
Author(s):  
Minani Gurung ◽  
Natkamol Chansatitporn ◽  
Kanittha Chamroonsawasdi ◽  
Punyarat Lapvongwatana
Keyword(s):  
High School ◽  
High School Students ◽  
Sample Size ◽  
Rural Area ◽  
Sampling Technique ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Academic Stress ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
School Students ◽  
Cross Sectional

Introduction: The period of adolescence undergoes many physical and mental changes.Changing emotional and physical status along with increasing social, family, and academicpressure lead to various impairments in the mental health of adolescents. Academic failureleads to the suicide rate in adolescents, predominantly high during the declaration of examresults which is significantly high in a rural area in comparison with urban. The study examinedthe prevalence of academic stress among high school students in a rural area of Rolpa, Nepal. Methods: A descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted in 6 schools in Rolpa from July to October 2019. The sample size calculated was 521. A convenient sampling technique was used for this study.The target population was adolescents enrolled in high schools of Rolpa. Ethical approval was takenbefore data collection. The scale for assessing academic stress was used to find out the prevalence.A questionnaire was translated in local language and pre-testing was done in Nepal Police School,Sanga among 10% of the calculated sample size. Data entry was done in Statistical Package for theSocial Sciences version 18. Descriptive statistical analysis was done for prevalence calculation.  Results: Out of a total of 521 students, the prevalence of academic stress was seen among 138 (26.5%)students at a 95% confidence interval (22.72-30.28). Conclusions: The prevalence of academic stress in our study was high and was consistent with otherSouth Asian studies. Understanding academic stress and providing help and support to the studentswould help ease the burden for them.

scholarly journals Predictors and Utilization of Health Institution Services for Childbirth among Mothers in a Southern Nigerian City

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-8
Author(s):  
Kazeem Arogundade ◽  
June Sampson ◽  
Elizabeth Boath ◽  
Ubong Akpan ◽  
Olaposi Olatoregun ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Health Facility ◽  
Sampling Technique ◽  
Healthcare Facility ◽  
First Trimester ◽  
Healthcare Services ◽  
Antenatal Clinic ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Reproductive Age ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Delivery Services

Background. Poor maternal health indices, including high maternal mortality, are among Nigeria’s major public health problems. Most of these deaths can be prevented by timely access and utilization of maternity healthcare services by women. Aim/Objective. This study seeks to identify factors affecting the utilization of health facilities for the delivery of babies among mothers in Calabar, Cross River State, Nigeria. Methodology. The study was a community-based cross-sectional study. A structured questionnaire was administered to 422 women of reproductive age residents in the study area who had given birth at least once within the last five years prior to the survey using a multistage random sampling technique. Data generated were entered, coded, and analyzed using Statistical Packages for Social Sciences (SPSS version 22.0), and results were presented in tables and charts. Chi-squared tests and multiple logistic regression were used for the identification of variables associated with health facility-based delivery. Result. The mean age of respondents was 27.3 years (SD = 8.4). Fifty-two percent of the respondents utilized the health facility for delivery, 89.6% attended at least one antenatal clinic (ANC), and 18.9% completed at least 3 ANC sessions. There was a statistically significant association between health facility delivery and marital status ( P = 0.007 ), education ( P = 0.042 ), and family size ( P = 0.002 ). Older women (OR = 0.7, CI = 0.169–3.714), Christians (OR = 1.9, CI = 0.093–41.1), divorcees (OR = 3.7, CI = 0.00–0.00), and respondents who registered early (first trimester) for ANC (OR = 4.9, CI = 0.78–31.48) were found to be higher users of delivery services at the health facility. Conclusion. Community health intervention focusing on improving the knowledge and awareness of the significance of utilizing available delivery services at the healthcare facility should be developed and implemented.

scholarly journals Knowledge about HIV/AIDS among the dental students in Dhaka

2013 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 23-27 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohammed Shahed Jahan ◽  
Mushfiq Hassan Shaikh ◽  
Jahanara Begum ◽  
Tazdik G Chowdhury ◽  
Morshed Hasan
Keyword(s):  
Computer Software ◽  
Preventive Measure ◽  
Sampling Technique ◽  
Training Programme ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Dental Students ◽  
Transmission Risk ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Aids Epidemic ◽  
Hiv Aids

Aims:This was a cross-sectional study done in the City Dental College, Malibagh, Chowdhurypara. The objective of the study was to assess the level of knowledge about HIV/AIDS among the final year dental students during the period between April to June 2012. Materials and Method:Convenient sampling technique was used and a total of 77 final year dental students were included. A pretested questionnaire was used in English and information was gathered by face to face interview regarding demographic characteristics and HIV/AIDS related knowledge which contained; meaning of HIV/AIDS cause of HIV/AIDS, mode of transmission, risk group, preventive measure. Result:The data were analyzed by computer software SPSS version 17. The study showed that 23.4 percent of the respondents had poor knowledge on HIV/AIDS. About 18.1% know that AIDS can be transmitted if having sexual contact with HIV positive case. Moreover, 13.8% have knowledge about HIV contaminated blood transfusion, 15.1% have knowledge about HIV infected mother to child, 14.6 % know that HIV infection can cause by pricking an infected needle and 10.5% know that it can transmit through body fluids like blood; semen etc. 45.1% had knowledge about injury by infected surgical instrument. Conclusion:The study revealed that the relationship between the knowledge of HIV/AIDS among dental students and sex of the respondents is statistically significant. It is evident that even in the second decade of the AIDS epidemic, final year dental students continue to have a lack of proper knowledge about HIV/AIDS. Training Programme should be arranged on HIV/AIDS for the dental students during clinical attachment. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/updcj.v2i2.15531 Update Dent. Coll. j: 2012; 2 (2): 23-27

scholarly journals FREQUENCY OF PRE-GESTATIONAL DIABETES MELLITUS AMONG PREGNANT WOMEN WITH MISCARRIAGE

2019 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
pp. 15-18
Author(s):  
Maria Ghafoor ◽  
Najma Farhat ◽  
Firdous Khatoon ◽  
Asifa Ghazi ◽  
Fauzia Anbreen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Gestational Diabetes ◽  
Gestational Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Gestational Age ◽  
Descriptive Analysis ◽  
Sampling Technique ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Gynecology And Obstetrics

Background: In developing countries, miscarriage is one of the common and increasing problems of pregnancy. The objectives of this study were to determine the frequency of pre-gestational diabetes mellitus among pregnant women with miscarriage in our population. Materials & Methods: This descriptive, cross-sectional study was conducted in the Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Khyber Teaching Hospital, Peshawar, Pakistan from 3rd November 2015 to 2nd May 2016. Sample size was 268 pregnant women with miscarriage selected through consecutive sampling technique. Inclusion criteria were all pregnant women with miscarriage. Exclusion criteria were molar pregnancy, ectopic pregnancy and diabetics. HbA1c levels of ≤6% was taken as normal, whereas a level >6 was taken as raised level or pre-gestational diabetes. Variables were age, pre-gestational diabetes mellitus, number of pregnancies and duration of pregnancy (≤24, >24). Mean and SD were calculated for quantitative while frequency and percentages for qualitative variables. Descriptive analysis was performed by using SPSS version 16. Results: Mean age of the patients was 27.66 ±4.93 years. Out of 268 participants, 81(30.22%) were having pre-gestational diabetes mellitus and 187(69.78) were normal, 234(87.31%) were having first pregnancy whereas 34 were having >1 pregnancies, the pre-gestational age ≤ 24 weeks were 130(48.51%) and >24 weeks were 138(51.49%). Conclusion: One third of the patients with miscarriage were having pre-gestational diabetes mellitus. Almost half of the patients were having gestational age of

scholarly journals To Determine the Frequency of Pyrexia in Women with Prelaborrupture of Membranes

2017 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 18-22
Author(s):  
Maimoona Qadir ◽  
Sohail Amir
Keyword(s):  
Sample Size ◽  
Sample Size Calculation ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Gynecology And Obstetrics ◽  
Margin Of Error ◽  
Prelabor Rupture Of Membranes ◽  
Age Range

OBJECTIVETo determine the frequency of pyrexia in patients with prelabor rupture of membranesMETHODOLOGYThis descriptive (cross sectional) study was conducted in Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Khyber Teaching Hospital, Peshawar from 12th January 2016 to 13th July 2016.Sample size was 369,keeping 4% proportion of pyrexia among women with PROM,95% confidence interval and 2%margin of error under WHO sample size calculation. All women with any age or parity who presented with prelabor rupture of membranes were included in the study.RESULTSIn this study, 369 women with PROM were observed.41(11.1%) patients were less than 20 years,139(37.7%) were in 21-30years age range,179(48.5%) were in age group 31-40years and only 10(2.7%) were more than 41 years age. Average age was 29.53+6.3SD.The pyrexia among women with PROM was observed in 39(10.57%)women, being more common in 31-40 years age group where it was noticed in 20(11.2%),followed by 21-30years age where 14(10.1%)patients were pyrexial.CONCLUSIONPyrexia is an enormous public health problem, accounting for the majority of cases of PROM in this part of the country.

scholarly journals ACUTE INFERIOR WALL MYOCARDIAL INFARCTION

2018 ◽  
Vol 25 (02) ◽  
pp. 287-291
Author(s):  
Muhammad Ramzan ◽  
Jehan Zab ◽  
Muhammad Kashif Javed ◽  
Farman Ali
Keyword(s):  
Heart Block ◽  
Computer Software ◽  
Sampling Technique ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Outcome Variable ◽  
P Value ◽  
Inferior Wall ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Severity Of Disease ◽  
Almost All

Objectives: To find the frequency of complete heart block in acute inferior wallmyocardial infarction and its relation with severe obstructive disease of the infarct related artery.Study Design: Cross sectional study. Setting: Department of Cardiology Choudhary PervaizElahi Institute of Cardiology, Multan. Period: June 2016 to June 2017. Methodology: Noneprobably consecutive sampling technique was used. Collected data was entered and analyzedthrough statistical/computer software SPSS vrs 22, mean ± SD was calculated for quantitativedata and variables like, age and frequency (percentage) was calculated for qualitative datalike gender, dominant artery and CHB. P value ≤ 0.05 was considered as significant. Results:A total number of n=234 (100%) patients were included in this study, both male and femalegenders. Distribution of Gender showed that male patients were more than females patientsi.e. n=198 (84.6%) and n=36 (15.4%) respectively. The main outcome variable of this studywas severity of disease. It was observed that, in with CHB group, severity of disease noted as93.2% (n=109) patients while in without CHB group it was 57.3% (n=67). Conclusion: Inferiorwall MI has severe adverse effects when combines with complete AV nodal heart block. Severityof disease was significantly associated with gender. Almost all times infarct related artery wasdominant right coronary artery.

scholarly journals A study to assess the level of happiness among nursing officers working in Jipmer hospital

2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (9) ◽  
pp. 57-68
Author(s):  
Sarani Banerjee ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Sample Size ◽  
Family Income ◽  
Sampling Technique ◽  
Simple Random Sampling ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Mean Value ◽  
Demographic Variables ◽  
Years Of Experience ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Significance Level

A descriptive cross sectional study was conducted among single group nursing officers working in JIPMER hospital, Puducherry in morning and general shift. The result was calculated using expected proportion level of happiness from previous study which showed 28.9% of nurses having very good level of happiness. The sample size estimated using 10% precision, 5% significance level and sample size is 274, rounded of to 275. The sampling technique used was simple random sampling. The data was collected by using Oxford happiness scale questionnaire and association with demographic variables was done like- age, gender, education, years of experience, occupation, family income, marital status, and type of family. Overall it took around 15- 20 minutes only. After one week, same nursing officers were asked to assemble in a common place at the same time. The same questionnaire was given to them to assess the reliability of the tool – by test and re-test method.Descriptive statistics, mean, standard deviation and t test were used to statistically analyze the data. Mean value of happiness was 66 +_ 0.365, there was no significant correlation between happiness and socio demographic variables like- age (P=0.84), gender (P=0.26), occupation (P=0.60), education (P=0.61). However there was a significant relationship between years of experience and happiness level (P=0.047)

scholarly journals Acceptance of HIV Counseling and Testing among Antenatal Clinic Attendees in Southern Ethiopia

1970 ◽  
Vol 28 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Rahel Gizaw ◽  
Samson Gebremdhin
Keyword(s):  
Antenatal Care ◽  
Hiv Testing ◽  
Binary Logistic Regression ◽  
Sampling Technique ◽  
Antenatal Clinic ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Southern Ethiopia ◽  
Binary Logistic Regression Analysis ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Counseling And Testing

BACKGROUND: Counseling and testing for Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) (HCT) during antenatal care (ANC) is a critical entry point for the prevention of mother-to-childtransmission (PMTCT) of HIV. However, in Ethiopia limited evidence exists regarding the extent of acceptance of the service. The study aimed to assess the level and factors associated with acceptance of HCT in Hawassa city, Southern Ethiopia.METHODS: Cross-sectional study was conducted in four public health facilities found in the city. Five hundred and four ANC clients were selected using multistage sampling technique. Data were collected via interviewer administered questionnaire and analyzed using multivariable binary logistic regression analysis. The outputs are presented using adjusted odds ratio (AOR) with 95% confidence interval (CI).RESULTS: The vast majority, 84.1% (95% CI: 80.6-87.2%), of the respondents accepted the HCT. Acceptance was positively associated with being married [AOR=5.60 (95% CI: 1.87-16.50)], having two or more ANC visits [4.93 (95% CI: 2.40-10.07)], history of prior HIV testing [4.23 (95% CI: 1.90-9.74)], having good knowledge about MTCT [4.91 (95% CI: 2.07-11.6)] and PMTCT [6.22 (95% CI: 2.87-13.50)] and having no fear of stigma anddiscrimination [3.32 (95% CI: 1.57-7.02)].CONCLUSION: Acceptance of HCT can be further improved by enhancing the knowledge of mother about PMTCT and combating stigma and discrimination.KEYWORDS: HIV testing acceptance, antenatal care, stigma and discrimination, prevention of mother-to-child transmission of HIV, Hawassa, Ethiopia.

scholarly journals Usage and types of mobile medical applications amongst medical students of Pakistan and its association with their academic performance

2019 ◽  
Vol 35 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Aliya Hisam ◽  
Muhammad Umair Shafique ◽  
Muhammad Nashit Khurshid ◽  
Ali Hamza ◽  
Muhammad Bilal Asad ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Academic Performance ◽  
Medical Students ◽  
Sample Size ◽  
Sampling Technique ◽  
Medical Application ◽  
Daily Basis ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Medical Applications ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Creative Commons

Objective: To estimate the frequency of usage and types of mobile medical applications amongst medical students of Pakistan and its association with their academic performance. Methods: The is a descriptive cross-sectional study conducted in five medical colleges. It was of 6 months duration from Sept, 2017 to Feb 2018. A sample size of 448 undergraduates was calculated by using WHO sample size calculator. Sampling technique was non-probability convenient sampling. Self-constructed questionnaire was used as data collection tool. Data were entered and analysed in SPSS version 22. Results: The study included 198 male (44.2%) and 250 female (55.8%) students (448 in total). The mean age was 21.08±1.542 years. About 323 (72%) students who were routinely using medical application scored 69+7% in their professional examination while 125 (28%) students, who were not using medical application scored 67±9%. The association between average usage of medical application and academic performance was statistically significant (p<0.01). Amongst the medical applications “Medical Wikipedia” had the most frequent usage i.e. 162 (36.2%) while the least frequently used app was Disease Dictionary i.e. 50 (11.2%). Conclusion: More than half of medical students who participated in the study were using medical applications on daily basis with “Medical Wikipedia” being the most commonly used application. Association between average usage of mobile medical applications and academic performance of the students was statistically significant. A large number of students agreed that medical applications were helpful in improving their medical as well as clinical knowledge. How to cite this:Hisam A, Shafique MU, Khurshid MN, Hamza A, Asad MB, Shakeel T. Usage and types of mobile medical applications amongst medical students of Pakistan and its association with their academic performance. Pak J Med Sci. 2019;35(2):---------.   doi: https://doi.org/10.12669/pjms.35.2.672 This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

scholarly journals Awareness and Knowledge of HIV Transmission and Prevention among Military Personnel in Abuja, Nigeria

2021 ◽  
pp. 37-48
Author(s):  
Olajide A. Adekunle ◽  
David A. Adeyemi
Keyword(s):  
Hiv Prevention ◽  
Sample Size ◽  
Military Personnel ◽  
Hiv Transmission ◽  
Sampling Technique ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Adequate Knowledge ◽  
Significant Difference

Aims: To assess the level of knowledge of HIV transmission and prevention and identify factors influencing the awareness of HIV transmission and prevention among military personnel in Nigeria. Study design: A cross-sectional study. Place and duration of study: The Nigerian Defense Headquarters, Abuja, Nigeria. Methodology: Using the stratified probability sampling technique, military personnel between the age of 18 and 55 years, were recruited based on arm of service with a percentage distribution of 60:20:20 (Army, Navy, and Air Force respectively). The sample size(n) was 384 and the adjusted sample size was 427 respondents. The tool for data collection was a semi-structured self-administered questionnaire. This instrument, divided into 3 sections, was designed to obtain information on socio-demographics (sex, age, ethnic background, education level as the highest level of education attainment, experience in the military; the arm of service, rank, length of service, gender and number of sexual partners, knowledge of HIV prevention, and perception of risk of HIV transmission. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, Chi-square tests, and logistic regression at p<0.05. Results: While 98.5% of respondents have ever heard of HIV, 80.3% claimed to have seen or heard information about HIV, with media (85.9%) been the major source of this information. Out of the 391 respondents, 174 (44.5%) and 217 (55.5%) military personnel had inadequate and adequate knowledge of HIV transmission respectively while 80.8% and 19.2% of these respondents had inadequate and adequate knowledge of HIV prevention, respectively. Conclusions: While there was no significant difference in the proportion of those military men that had adequate and inadequate knowledge of HIV transmission, there was a clear and significant difference in the proportion of military men with adequate and inadequate prevention knowledge. Age, education, marital status, and service arm are predictive factors that could influence knowledge of HIV transmission and prevention.

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