scholarly journals Epidemiological Risk of Dirofilariasis in the Voronezh Region

2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 213-217
Author(s):  
N. S. Bespalova ◽  
T. A. Zolotykh
Keyword(s):  
Close Contact ◽  
Statistical Processing ◽  
Test System ◽  
European Convention ◽  
Voronezh Oblast ◽  
Service Dogs ◽  
Stray Dogs ◽  
Voronezh Region ◽  
Epidemiological Risk ◽  
Natural Foci

Background. Dirofilariasis is a vector-borne helminthiasis that tends to expand spatial boundaries in areas with temperate and cold climates. In the Voronezh oblast, located in the Central Black Earth Region of the Russian Federation there were previously isolated reports of cases of dirofilariasis in humans and dogs, but this issue was not specifically studied.Aims. To determine the degree of infection of dogs with Dirofilaria immitis and Dirofilaria repens in the Voronezh oblast in order to determine the level of epidemiological risk.Materials and methods. For seven years, targeted work was carried out to study the spread of different types of dirofilariae in dogs in the Voronezh region. Blood from 3 498 dogs of different breeds, ages, conditions of keeping and household use was examined. Dirofilaria larvae were counted using the Fuchs-Rosenthal camera. The type of dirofilaria larvae isolated from the blood of dogs was determined by the histochemical method. The antigen of the imaginal form of D. immitis was detected using a chromatographic test system the ImmunoRun Antigen Detection Kit Caninae Heartworm Biogal chromatographic test system (Israel). Statistical processing of the material was carried out in the Microsoft Excel 2010 program. Studies were carried out with the consent of animal owners and in accordance with the European Convention for the Protection of Vertebral Animals used for experimental and other scientific purposes (Strasbourg, 1986).Results. As a result of the conducted studies, it was found that in the Voronezh oblast, the average infection of domestic dogs (Canis familiaris) with dirofilariasis is 14.14 ± 0.31 %. The indicator depends on the conditions of keeping animals and makes 27.15 % in stray dogs, 25.26 % – in service dogs and 10.54 % – in apartment dogs. In service dogs, the species D. repens occurs in 52.39 % of cases, D. immitis – in 42.95 %, mixtinvasia – in 4.80 % of cases. In stray dogs, the species D. repens prevails (80.10 %). The second type of D. immitis was established in 10.0 % of cases. At the same time, both types were also established in 10.0 % of cases. The maximum number of cases of dirofilariasis occurs in urban dogs (65.87 %), which is due to the high density of their population and close contact with the vector of transmission in urbanized areas. The seasonal dynamics of infestation is determined by the year-round detection of cases with a peak in October (46.77 %). The number of cases of dirofilariasis increases with age, in dogs from one to six years old it reaches maximum of 63.26 %. There is an epidemiological risk of dirofilariasis in the Voronezh oblast. This is due to the existence and active functioning of synanthropic and natural foci of invasion on the territory of the Voronezh oblast. 

scholarly journals ESTIMATES OF RECENT HIV INFECTION IN THE POPULATION BY FREQUENCY OF OCCURRENCE P24 ANTIGEN AND IN THE KIT DISTINGUISH RECENT FROM LONGSTANDING INFECTION

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 68-74
Author(s):  
D. A. Neshumaev ◽  
E. M. Meirmanova ◽  
O. N. Kuntsevich ◽  
S. E. Skudarnov ◽  
V. L. Stasenko
Keyword(s):  
Hiv Infection ◽  
Correlation Coefficient ◽  
Statistical Processing ◽  
Diagnostic Algorithm ◽  
Close Correlation ◽  
Test System ◽  
Frequency Of Occurrence ◽  
True Value ◽  
P24 Antigen ◽  
Recent Hiv Infection

Aim: to compare the incidence of recent cases of HIV infection in the population, recorded by the presence of p24 antigen and in thekit distinguish recent from longstanding infection.Materials and methods. Evaluation of recent HIV infection was carried out through studies of two cohorts of patients: 1) persons with negative / undetermined result of an immune blot and p24 antigen; 2) individuals with positive immune blot who were additionally studied using a test system to determine the duration of infection. Randomly in 2011, 2013, 2014 and 2015, 22%, 17%, 44% and 6% of all newly identified patients with a positive immune blot, respectively, were examined. Statistical processing, correlation coefficient and confidence intervals were calculated using Student’s t-test.Results. There is a close correlation between the detection rate of the p24 antigen of HIV and the frequency of occurrence of recent cases of infection registered among newly identified individuals with positive immune blot (the period of probable infection is less than 9 months). Correlation coefficient =0,91, p<0,05.Conclusion. The established dependence allows one to estimate the recent cases of infection in the population by a calculated method using only the frequency of occurrence of the p24 antigen included in the standard diagnostic algorithm of HIV infection. A formula is proposed in accordance with which it is necessary to add 0,6±0,2 to the frequency of occurrence of the p24 antigen expressed per 1000 individuals covered by screening. With a probability of 95%, the true value of the frequency of occurrence of recent cases of infections in a population will be in the calculated confidence interval.

scholarly journals The demographic potential of the Voronezh region as a factor of human capital development

2021 ◽  
Vol 291 ◽  
pp. 03006
Author(s):  
Nataliya Yakovenko ◽  
Irina Safonova ◽  
Igor Komov ◽  
Olga Didenko
Keyword(s):  
Public Policy ◽  
Statistical Analysis ◽  
World Economy ◽  
Voronezh Oblast ◽  
Demographic Development ◽  
Human Capital Development ◽  
The World ◽  
Voronezh Region ◽  
Capital Development ◽  
Demographic Potential

Population is the key object of public policy, as it forms the demographic potential, without which the development of either a country or the world economy as a whole is impossible. The study of the location of the population, the number of labour resources, sex and age structure are important government tasks, the proper implementation of which forms the potential of the population. The aim of the article is to estimate the demographic potential of Voronezh Oblast. To achieve the goal the methods of statistical analysis were used, namely: grouping, relative, average, and index methods. Results. A comprehensive assessment of the demographic potential of the region has been made. The study will make it possible to make refined forecasts of demographic development of the region.

scholarly journals MONITORING OF DOG DIROFILARIASIS THE NORTH-WESTERN CAUCASUS

2020 ◽  
pp. 147-150
Author(s):  
Victor Kravchenko ◽  
Galina Kravchenko
Keyword(s):  
Blood Test ◽  
Dirofilaria Immitis ◽  
Test System ◽  
Western Caucasus ◽  
Service Dogs ◽  
Study Region ◽  
The North ◽  
Hunting Dogs ◽  
North Western ◽  
Parasitological Study

In the course of a study conducted in 2015–2019, it was found that there is a permanent center of dirofilariasis in the North-Western Caucasus, which is actively supported by domestic dogs and cats, as well as wild predatory mammals. Dogs in the region have two types of dirofilaria cardionematoda Dirofilaria immitis and subcutaneous Dirofilaria repens. The highest extensity of invasion (EI) Dirofilaria immitis autopsy from 71.4 to 87.5% have dogs in overflow land, foothill and mountain zones of the region and the smallest from 33.3 to 40.0% in the lowlands. According to the results of a parasitological study of blood, the highest and lowest EI of Dirofilaria immitis was also found in these zones and amounted to 28.7 to 30.6% and 17.7 to 18.8%, respectively. The average EI of dirofilaria Dirofilaria immitis depends on the area of the study region, on the breed and the method of detention and use of dogs. According to the results of the autopsy, the average EI for the study period was 58.8%, according to the results of the Knott blood test – 26.0%, and the test system – 28.8%. The largest number of dogs infected with dirofilariasis were between the ages of 4 and 9 years. The most infected are short-haired breeds, yard dogs, guard dogs, hunting dogs, and service dogs. Sexual dependence is not established.

Indicators of sustainable socio-economic development in local authorities’ decision-making at the municipal level (case of Voronezh oblast)

2019 ◽  
pp. 25-35
Author(s):  
E. S. Kulakovskiy
Keyword(s):  
Local Governments ◽  
Regional Policy ◽  
Voronezh Oblast ◽  
Competitive Advantages ◽  
Legal Documents ◽  
Advantages And Disadvantages ◽  
Social Sphere ◽  
The Social ◽  
Voronezh Region ◽  
Municipal Level

The article analyzes the issues of improving the system of management decisions in key areas of regional policy at the level of municipal districts. On the example of the Voronezh region, management problems are identified in the economy, the social sphere, environmental management, and the activities of local governments. Social and economic restrictions in the management of the development of municipal areas are revealed: imperfection of the financial and budgetary sphere, contradictory legal documents, demographic tension expressed by depopulation, long migration outflow, reduced quality of life, etc. In order to improve the management of the development of the territory, it is proposed to use indicators of sustainable economic, social and environmental development of municipalities, allowing establishing and evaluating trends in the functioning of local government entities. The advantage of using indicators of sustainable development is an individual approach to identifying competitive advantages and disadvantages of municipal districts. Based on this, the author carried out a typology of municipal districts of the Voronezh region, which reflected the central-peripheral model and significant destructiveness in the socio-economic sphere. It is these circumstances that must be considered when developing regional policy at the municipal level.

scholarly journals GENERATION OF CYTOTOXIC LYMPHOCYTES IN MIXED LYMPHOCYTE REACTIONS

1973 ◽  
Vol 138 (3) ◽  
pp. 672-685 ◽  
Author(s):  
James Forman ◽  
Göran Möller
Keyword(s):  
Effector Cell ◽  
Close Contact ◽  
Test System ◽  
Adherent Cell ◽  
Target Cells ◽  
Cytotoxic Lymphocytes ◽  
Effector Cells ◽  
Cytotoxic Effector ◽  
Mixed Lymphocyte Reactions

Generation of cytotoxic effector cells by a unidirectional mixed lymphocyte reaction (MLR) in the mouse H-2 system was studied using labeled YAC (H-2a) leukemia cells as targets. The responding effector cell displayed a specific cytotoxic effect against target cells of the same H-2 genotype as the stimulating cell population. Killing of syngeneic H-2 cells was not observed, even when the labeled target cells were "innocent bystanders" in cultures where specific target cells were reintroduced. Similar results were found with spleen cells taken from mice sensitized in vivo 7 days earlier. The effector cell was not an adherent cell and was not activated by supernatants from MLR. The supernatants were not cytotoxic by themselves. When concanavalin A or phytohemagglutinin was added to the cytotoxic test system, target and effector cells were agglutinated. Under these conditions, killing of H-2a target cells was observed in mixed cultures where H-2a lymphocytes were also the effector cells. These findings indicate that specifically activated, probably thymus-derived lymphocytes, can kill nonspecifically once they have been activated and providing there is close contact between effector and target cells. Thus, specificity of T cell killing appears to be restricted to recognition and subsequent binding to the targets, the actual effector phase being nonspecific.

scholarly journals Re-Introduction of Bovine Viral Diarrhea Virus in a Disease-Free Region: Impact on the Affected Cattle Herd and Diagnostic Implications

Pathogens ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 360
Author(s):  
Kerstin Albrecht ◽  
Miriam Linder ◽  
Anja Heinrich ◽  
Jennifer Höche ◽  
Martin Beer ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Close Contact ◽  
Virus Transmission ◽  
Herd Size ◽  
Test System ◽  
Federal State ◽  
Bovine Viral Diarrhea ◽  
Diarrhea Virus ◽  
Viral Diarrhea ◽  
Free Region ◽  
Disease Free

Bovine viral diarrhea (BVD) is one of the most important infectious cattle diseases worldwide. The major source of virus transmission is immunotolerant, persistently infected (PI) calves, which makes them the key target of control programs. In the German federal state of Saxony-Anhalt, a very low prevalence was achieved, with more than 99.8% of the cattle herds being free from PI animals since the year 2013. In 2017, BVD virus was detected in a previously disease-free holding (herd size of ~380 cows, their offspring, and fattening bulls). The purchase of two so-called Trojan cows, i.e., dams pregnant with a PI calf, was identified as the source of infection. The births of the PI animals resulted in transient infections of in-contact dams, accompanied by vertical virus transmission to their fetuses within the critical timeframe for the induction of PI calves. Forty-eight days after the birth of the first PI calf, all animals in close contact with the Trojan cows during their parturition period were blood-sampled and serologically examined by a neutralization test and several commercial ELISAs. The resulting seroprevalence strongly depended on the applied test system. The outbreak could be stopped by the immediate elimination of every newborn PI calf and vaccination, and since 2018, no BVD cases have occurred.

scholarly journals ANALYSIS OF MORTALITY STRUCTURE OF MATURE STRAY DOGS (SECTIONAL STUDY)

2021 ◽  
Vol 250 ◽  
pp. 141-147
Author(s):  
L.V. Tkachenko ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Infectious Diseases ◽  
Statistical Processing ◽  
Toxic Substances ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Stray Dogs ◽  
Animal Protection ◽  
Sexually Mature ◽  
Death Causes ◽  
Mechanical Asphyxia

Stray animals are such animals that are left without owner’s care, they are part of society, serving as sources of zooanthroponosis. There are no works devoted to analysis and classification of death causes of stray animals on Altai Territory. Objective of the research is to study mortality structure of stray mature dogs. The objects of research were the corpses of 41 sexually mature stray dogs from the Altai Territory, and kept by volunteers and animal protection organizations in the period 2017-2020. Research methods include registration of an animal; autopsy; photographing; statistical processing and analysis of the obtained data. The results showed that 33% of the studied stray dogs died as a result of the action of toxic substances of unknown nature (poisoning), at the age of 3-4 years and 7-8 years; 22% - infectious diseases, at the age of from 6 months up to 5-6 years old; 15% - dirofilariasis, at the age of 2 years and 4-7 years 4 10% - extensive heart thrombosis, at the age of 1-3 years, 5-6 years and over 10 years; 10% - mechanical injuries (car injuries), at the age of 3-8 years; 7% - mechanical asphyxia, at the age of 5, 6 and 10 years; 2% - cancer, at the age of 2 years. The death causes of stray dogs are the result of the action of toxic substances of unknown nature (poisoning); infectious diseases (plague of carnivores and piroplasmosis); autointoxication (sources: stomach, intestines, liver, pancreas); car injuries; closing of the larynx lumen with a foreign object and liver cancer with metastases.

scholarly journals Pet and Stray Dogs as Reservoirs of Antimicrobial-Resistant Escherichia coli

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-8
Author(s):  
Laura Marchetti ◽  
Daniel Buldain ◽  
Lihuel Gortari Castillo ◽  
Andrea Buchamer ◽  
Manuel Chirino‐Trejo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Close Contact ◽  
Interspecies Transmission ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Resistant Bacteria ◽  
Disk Diffusion Method ◽  
Stray Dogs ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Extended Spectrum Beta Lactamases ◽  
Phenotypic Methods

The close contact between dogs and humans creates the best bridge for interspecies transmission of antimicrobial-resistant bacteria. The surveillance of its resistance including the detection of extended-spectrum beta-lactamases (ESBLs) in Escherichia coli as indicator bacteria is an important tool to control the use of antimicrobials. The aim of this research was to evaluate the E. coli resistance in strains by phenotypic methods, isolated from pet and stray dogs of La Plata city, Argentina. Faecal samples were collected using rectal swabs from 50 dogs with owners (home dogs = HD) and 50 homeless dogs (stray dogs = SD). They were cultured in 3 MacConkey agar plates, with and without antibiotics (ciprofloxacin and cefotaxime). 197 strains were isolated, of which only 95 strains were biochemically identified as E. coli, 46 strains were from HD, and 49 were from SD. Antimicrobial susceptibility was evaluated by the Kirby–Bauer disk diffusion method. The most prevalent resistance was for tetracycline, streptomycin, and ampicillin. In both groups, the level of resistance to 3rd generation cephalosporins was high, and there were multiresistant strains. There was a higher level of antimicrobial resistance in strains from SD compared to HD. There were 8% of strains suspected of being ESBLs among samples of HD and 36% of SD. One (2%) of the strains isolated from HD and 11 (22%) from SD were phenotypically confirmed as ESBL. Pets and stray dogs are a potential source of E. coli antibiotic resistance in Argentina; therefore, its surveillance must be guaranteed.

scholarly journals THE ROLE OF SOCIO-HYGIENIC FACTORS IN THE DEVELOPMENT OF DISEASES OF THE ORGANS OF VISION IN MEDICAL STUDENTS AND THE POSSIBILITY OF THEIR PREVENTION

2018 ◽  
Vol 97 (8) ◽  
pp. 750-755
Author(s):  
I. E. Esaulenko ◽  
Tatyana N. Petrova ◽  
O. I. Gubina ◽  
A. Yu. Goncharov ◽  
Yu. V. Tatarkova
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Statistical Processing ◽  
Health Department ◽  
Current Data ◽  
Epidemiological Surveillance ◽  
Personal Hygiene ◽  
Leading Role ◽  
Voronezh Region ◽  
The Impact

The purpose of this study was to investigate the status and main trends of the prevalence of diseases of the eye and its appendages in medical university students with the detection of priority risk factors of the educational environment. Materials and methods. The method of investigation included several stages. The general population was analyzed (official statistical data of the ophthalmologic service of the Voronezh Region Health Department (statistical forms No. 12, 14, 14 SD, 30)), and selective studies were conducted (based on the copying and analysis of data from outpatient charts and case histories). A total of 1500 study cards were filled out, the total number of visits amounted to 3200. In the second stage of the study, a sociological survey was conducted on a specially developed questionnaire consisting of 46 questions grouped into 5 blocks. In total, 1950 respondents were surveyed. Statistical processing is performed on the basis of statistical analysis software package and the Chart Wizard in Microsoft Excel 2010, as well as the STATISTICA 6.0 application package. Results. Our studies have made it possible to refine and supplement the current data on the prevalence of diseases of the eye and its appendages among students in the Voronezh region, which can be used as a basis for planning activities to improve specialized ophthalmic care for this population category. Eye diseases were shown to be a fairly common pathology among students, and those who study at the medical school have their own characteristics that require serious measures to improve the system of epidemiological surveillance of this pathology. The surveillance system should include monitoring the impact of various risk factors and timely elimination of adverse events. To this end, in educational institutions, it is important to observe ergonomic requirements for the organization of workplaces, to observe the time of providing breaks for rest during the school day, to establish their duration and arrange for these breaks taking into account the training course, load volume and hygienic characteristics of the classrooms, where classes are held. It should not be forgotten that the leading role in the prevention of the negative impact of non-favorable factors is assigned to the very contingent of students who must be able to take individual preventive measures and observe personal hygiene rules. In this regard, the educational organizations need to repeatedly increase the amount of work on hygiene education and the education of young people.

scholarly journals Herd immunity to SARS-CoV-2 among the population of the Republic of Belarus amid the COVID-19 pandemic

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (5) ◽  
pp. 887-904
Author(s):  
A. Yu. Popova ◽  
A. A. Tarasenko ◽  
V. Yu. Smolensky ◽  
S. A. Egorova ◽  
V. S. Smirnov ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Herd Immunity ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Statistical Processing ◽  
Threshold Level ◽  
Test System ◽  
Elisa Test ◽  
Surface Glycoprotein ◽  
Pasteur Institute ◽  
The Republic ◽  
Questionnaire Method

Objective was to investigate the SARS-CoV-2 collective immunity status of the population of Belarus within the context of the COVID-19 pandemic. Materials and methods. The work was carried out according to the methodology for assessing SARS-CoV-2 population immunity, developed by Rospotrebnadzor Russia and the Ministry of Health of Belarus with the participation of the St. Petersburg Pasteur Institute, taking into account WHO recommendations. The Bioethics Committee of Belarus and the local ethics committee of the St. Petersburg Pasteur Institute approved the study. Selection of participants was carried out using a questionnaire method and online technology (internet, cloud server). Volunteers were randomized into seven age groups (years of age): 1–17; 18–29; 30–39; 40–49; 50–59; 60–69; and 70+. Regional randomization ensured proportional representation of volunteers from each region, and no more than 30 people were included from one enterprise. In accordance with manufacturer instructions, blood plasma samples were analyzed for: IgG antibodies (Abs) to the SARS-CoV-2 nucleocapsid (Nc) using a quantitative ELISA test system; and IgG Abs to the receptor binding domain (RBD) of the SARS-CoV-2 S (spike) surface glycoprotein using a qualitative ELISA test system. Statistical processing was carried out using Excel 2010 and other software. Statistical differences were designated as significant when p < 0.05, unless otherwise indicated. Results. The level of seroprevalence, in terms of Abs to Nc among the Belarusian population, was 38.4% (95% CI 37.6–45.4). The highest Ab levels were found among individuals in older age groups (50-70+ years old). The lowest were found in children 1–17 years old and in young people 18–39 years old The distribution of seroprevalence across Belarusian regions was relatively homogeneous, with the exception of the Minsk Region, where a statistically significant decrease in the indicator was noted. In terms of profession, the largest share of seropositive individuals was found among transportation workers; the smallest was found in business. The moderate COVID-19 incidence has not led to a dramatic increase in the number of contacts. The base reproduction number (R0) was 1.3. In the Republic of Belarus, there was a moderate level of asymptomatic COVID-19 among seropositive individuals (45.3% [95% CI 44.0–46.7]). This form of infection was observed most often among children aged 1–17 years old (65.0% [95% CI 61.3–68.6]). In parallel with seroprevalence assessment, SARS-CoV-2 vaccination was carried out. We used two vaccines: Gam-COVID-Vac (also known as Sputnik V, developed by Gamaleya National Center for Epidemiology and Microbiology, Russia); and BBIBP-CorV (Sinopharm, PRC). Vaccination against SARS-CoV-2 was accompanied by an increase in the level of anti-RBD Abs (95% [95% CI 94.7–96.7]). Taking into account the vaccination of a subset of the population with BBIBP-CorV, the overall herd immunity, inferred from the analyzed indicators (presence of anti-Nc or anti-RBD Abs), was 47.1% (95% CI 46.3–48.0). Conclusion. COVID-19 in Belarus was characterized by a moderately pronounced course of the epidemic process. The threshold level of herd immunity to SARS-CoV-2 has not yet been reached, as a result of which the conditions for progression of the epidemic remain.

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