Study on the Improvement of Appearance of Rural Villages in the Suburbs of Tianjin

India’s most of the population lives in rural villages, approximately 73% (SandeepSaxena) of the population held up with agriculture and associated works as their main stream of income resources. The Countries economic development and financial growth fundamentally depends on the rural area and their living standards of rural population. Entrepreneurship in rural areas is one of the utmost important initiate towards economic development of county and its constituencies. Rural Entrepreneurship facilitates to uses the scarce resources in most effective manner thus increasing profits and rural livelihood. Due to lack of educational knowledge gap most of the rural entrepreneurs are unaware of the innovative development techniques and modern marketing methods etc. The main problem faced by rural entrepreneurs is raw materials and financial investments. Commonly rural entrepreneurs face the strange problems like, lack of training and development programs, fear of risk, and lack of experience in business, illiteracy, limited market scope and competition from the city entrepreneurs.

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As Nascentes como Fonte de Abastecimento de Populações Rurais Difusas (The Springs as Supply Source of Rural Diffuse Population)

Revista Brasileira de Geografia Física ◽

10.26848/rbgf.v4i5.232762 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 4 (5) ◽

pp. 974

Author(s):

Ricardo Augusto Pessôa Braga

Keyword(s):

Escherichia Coli ◽

Basic Needs ◽

Supply Source ◽

Rural Villages ◽

Family Farmers ◽

Farming Families ◽

Water Springs ◽

Conventional Systems ◽

The City ◽

Perennial Springs

A universalização do abastecimento de água no Brasil ainda é um desafio que se busca suplantar, sobretudo em relação ao atendimento a populações rurais difusas, onde os sistemas convencionais não respondem às demandas das famílias de agricultores dispersas. Nesse contexto, as nascentes de água podem contribuir como solução alternativa para o abastecimento doméstico, por se encontrarem próximas ao consumo e sob o controle do usuário Isto é evidenciado no estudo das nascentes situadas no Assentamento Serra Grande, no município de Vitória de Santo Antão, Zona da Mata de Pernambuco. Foram identificadas, cadastradas e selecionadas nascentes perenes, para caracterização da qualidade e vazão das águas, objetivando avaliá-las para usos múltiplos, com prioridade ao abastecimento doméstico. Evidenciou-se que a vazão, mesmo em períodos de estiagem, possui potencial de atender às necessidades básicas dos agricultores, para beber, preparo de alimentos, banho, lavagem de utensílios e roupas e descarga em sanitários. Quanto à qualidade para uso doméstico, em geral a água atende aos limites sanitários, embora em alguns casos a presença de Escherichia coli exija recuperação da nascente e cloração cuidadosa da água. Pelos resultados, a produção de água em nascentes situadas em solos e clima predominantes na Zona da Mata do Nordeste brasileiro, permite atender às necessidades básicas de abastecimento doméstico de agricultores familiares isolados ou em pequenas vilas rurais, sendo uma alternativa aos sistemas convencionais de abastecimento, já identificada pelo governo federal em seus recentes planos de abastecimento de populações rurais difusas. Palavras-chave: recursos hídricos; gestão ambiental; desenvolvimento rural The Springs as Supply Source of Rural Diffuse Population ABSTRACTThe universalization of the water supply in Brazil is still a challenge that it seeks to be supplant, especially in relation to the service to rural diffuse population, where conventional systems do not respond to the demands of farming families dispersed. In this context, the water springs may contribute as a workaround for domestic supply, because they are close to consumption and under user control. This is evidenced in the study of springs located at Settlement Serra Grande, located in the city of Vitória de Santo Antão, Zona da Mata de Pernambuco. It has been identified, registered and selected perennial springs, to characterize the quality and water flow, aiming to evaluate them for multiple uses with priority to domestic supply. It was evident that the flow even during drought periods, has potential to meet the basic needs of farmers, for drinking, preparing meals, baths, wash utensils and clothes and flushing toilets. As for the quality for home use, generally water meets health limits although in some cases the presence of Escherichia coli, requires careful recovery of the source and chlorination of water. According to the results, the production of water in springs located in soils and climate prevailing in Zona da Mata of Brazilian northeastern, it allows to meet basic needs for domestic supply from family farmers in small villages or isolated rural villages, being an alternative to conventional supply, already identified by the federal government in their recent plans for the supply of rural diffuse population. Keywords: water resources; environmental management; rural development

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Optimizing the Environmental and Economic Sustainability of Remote Community Infrastructure

Sustainability ◽

10.3390/su12062208 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 12 (6) ◽

pp. 2208 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Jamie E. Filer ◽

Justin D. Delorit ◽

Andrew J. Hoisington ◽

Steven J. Schuldt

Keyword(s):

Environmental Impacts ◽

Sustainability Assessment ◽

Model Performance ◽

Assessment Model ◽

Remote Communities ◽

Remote Community ◽

Rural Villages ◽

Sustainable Technologies ◽

Study Results

Remote communities such as rural villages, post-disaster housing camps, and military forward operating bases are often located in remote and hostile areas with limited or no access to established infrastructure grids. Operating these communities with conventional assets requires constant resupply, which yields a significant logistical burden, creates negative environmental impacts, and increases costs. For example, a 2000-member isolated village in northern Canada relying on diesel generators required 8.6 million USD of fuel per year and emitted 8500 tons of carbon dioxide. Remote community planners can mitigate these negative impacts by selecting sustainable technologies that minimize resource consumption and emissions. However, the alternatives often come at a higher procurement cost and mobilization requirement. To assist planners with this challenging task, this paper presents the development of a novel infrastructure sustainability assessment model capable of generating optimal tradeoffs between minimizing environmental impacts and minimizing life-cycle costs over the community’s anticipated lifespan. Model performance was evaluated using a case study of a hypothetical 500-person remote military base with 864 feasible infrastructure portfolios and 48 procedural portfolios. The case study results demonstrated the model’s novel capability to assist planners in identifying optimal combinations of infrastructure alternatives that minimize negative sustainability impacts, leading to remote communities that are more self-sufficient with reduced emissions and costs.

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Social mobilization and tackling the performance of local government in rural Nepal

Community Development Journal ◽

10.1093/cdj/bsaa058 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Ganesh Prasad Pandeya ◽

Tatsuo Oyama ◽

Chakrapani Acharya

Keyword(s):

Local Government ◽

Citizen Participation ◽

Social Mobilization ◽

Power Dynamics ◽

Local Power ◽

Local Planning ◽

Rural Villages ◽

Disadvantaged Groups ◽

Participatory Institutions ◽

Rural Nepal

Abstract Based on extensive fieldwork in two rural villages, this paper qualitatively examines how social mobilization initiatives influence local government (LG) performance in Nepal. LG mobilized community people to empower them for their effective participation in local planning and decision-making processes. Comparing with the prior period of mobilization, evidence demonstrates that mobilization promises to boost LG performance through empowering communities to enhance their agency and entitlements, promoting democratic and effective citizen participation, and strengthening LG responsiveness and social accountability. But these connections are not straightforward, as there appeared discrepancies in parallel in recognizing equal participation rights of disadvantaged groups and equitable distribution of public resources among social groups. The findings imply that mobilization can be an effective strategy for tackling many challenges of participatory institutions, as it tends to create social pressures for making participatory institutions more democratic and changing the local power dynamics in favour of disadvantaged groups.

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COPD awareness in the urban slums and rural areas around Pune city in India

npj Primary Care Respiratory Medicine ◽

10.1038/s41533-021-00220-4 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 31 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Deesha Deepak Ghorpade ◽

Anchala Raghupathy ◽

Jyoti Deepak Londhe ◽

Sapna Jitendra Madas ◽

Nisha Vijay Kale ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Tobacco Smoking ◽

Rural Areas ◽

Total Population ◽

Health Workers ◽

Urban Slum ◽

Urban Slums ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Rural Villages ◽

Disability Adjusted Life ◽

Life Years

AbstractCOPD is the second leading cause of death and disability adjusted life years (DALYs) in India, yet, it remains poorly recognized. We aimed to study the level of awareness of COPD in urban slums of Pune city in India and its neighboring rural areas. All male and female subjects above the age of 30 years residing in 13 randomly selected slums of Pune city (total population of 3000) and 7 randomly selected neighboring rural villages (total population of 3000) were invited to participate in this cross-sectional community survey. After obtaining written informed consent, 13 trained community health workers (CHWs) administered a questionnaire that captured their level of awareness of COPD. Of the 6000 subjects approached, 5420 residents (mean age ± SD = 48.0 ± 13.5 years; 38% males) consented and answered all questions. The number of people who had ever heard the word COPD was 49/5420 [0.9% (0.6–1.1%); 0.7% (0.5–1.3%) of the urban slum dwellers and 1.15% (0.5–1.3%) of rural residents]. Among those who had never heard the word COPD (n = 5371), when asked what was the name of the disease caused by long-term tobacco smoking, 38% said cancer, 16.7% said asthma, and 4.4% said TB. Among those who had heard the word COPD (n = 49), 6.1% said it was a disease of the heart, and 61% attributed COPD to smoke and dust pollution and 20% to tobacco smoking. The level of awareness of COPD in the Indian community is extremely low, highlighting the need to have nationwide mass awareness programs in India.

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Early Childhood Reading in Rural China and Obstacles to Caregiver Investment in Young Children: A Mixed-Methods Analysis

International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health ◽

10.3390/ijerph18041457 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 18 (4) ◽

pp. 1457

Author(s):

Rui Li ◽

Nathan Rose ◽

Yi Ming Zheng ◽

Yunwei Chen ◽

Sean Sylvia ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Early Childhood ◽

Mixed Methods ◽

Cognitive Development ◽

Young Children ◽

Parenting Practices ◽

Rural China ◽

Reading Practices ◽

Rural Villages ◽

Survey Results ◽

Childhood Reading

Studies have shown that nearly half of rural toddlers in China have cognitive delays due to an absence of stimulating parenting practices, such as early childhood reading, during the critical first three years of life. However, few studies have examined the reasons behind these low levels of stimulating parenting, and no studies have sought to identify the factors that limit caregivers from providing effective early childhood reading practices (EECRP). This mixed-methods study investigates the perceptions, prevalence, and correlates of EECRP in rural China, as well as associations with child cognitive development. We use quantitative survey results from 1748 caregiver–child dyads across 100 rural villages/townships in northwestern China and field observation and interview data with 60 caregivers from these same sites. The quantitative results show significantly low rates of EECRP despite positive perceptions of early reading and positive associations between EECRP and cognitive development. The qualitative results suggest that low rates of EECRP in rural China are not due to the inability to access books, financial or time constraints, or the absence of aspirations. Rather, the low rate of book ownership and absence of reading to young children is driven by the insufficient and inaccurate knowledge of EECRP among caregivers, which leads to their delayed, misinformed reading decisions with their young children, ultimately contributing to developmental delays.

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Understanding untreated hypertension from patients’ point of view: A qualitative study in rural Yogyakarta province, Indonesia

Chronic Illness ◽

10.1177/1742395317718034 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 14 (3) ◽

pp. 228-240 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Riana Rahmawati ◽

Beata Bajorek

Keyword(s):

Blood Pressure ◽

High Blood Pressure ◽

Health Care Services ◽

Point Of View ◽

Rural Villages ◽

Face To Face ◽

Care Services ◽

Alternative Medicines ◽

One Year ◽

Untreated Hypertension

Objectives This study aimed to explore perspectives about hypertension from patients who do not take anti-hypertensive medications. Factors that shape their perspectives as well as patients’ expectations were also canvassed. Method Individual, face-to-face interviews were conducted with 30 people (≥45 years old) living in rural villages, diagnosed with hypertension, who had not taken any anti-hypertensive medications for at least one year. Interviews were audiotaped, transcribed verbatim and thematically analysed. Results Four themes emerged: (1) alternative medicines for managing high blood pressure; (2) accessing health care services; (3) the need for anti-hypertensive medications; and (4) existing support and patients’ expectations. Reluctance to take anti-hypertensive medications was influenced by patients’ beliefs in personal health threats and the effectiveness of anti-hypertensive medications, high self-efficacy for taking alternative medicines, the lack of recommendation regarding hypertension treatment, and barriers to accessing supplies of medicines. Conclusion Despite their awareness of being diagnosed with hypertension, patients undervalued visiting a health professional to control their high blood pressure. Health strategies need to consider patients’ beliefs, concerns and expectations. Providing an accessible, affordable and adequate supply of hypertension medication is also key to any programs designed to optimise hypertension management.

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Wood Volume Production and Use of 10 Woody Species in Semiarid Zones of Northeastern Mexico

International Journal of Forestry Research ◽

10.1155/2012/529829 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 2012 ◽

pp. 1-7 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Rahim Foroughbakhch ◽

Artemio Carrillo Parra ◽

Jorge Luis Hernández Piñero ◽

Marco Antonio Alvarado Vázquez ◽

Alejandra Rocha Estrada ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Native Species ◽

Growth Parameters ◽

Eucalyptus Camaldulensis ◽

Woody Species ◽

Research Strategy ◽

Wood Volume ◽

Rural Villages ◽

Acacia Farnesiana ◽

Volume Production ◽

Northeastern Mexico

A research strategy was established to analyze the structure of timber trees in terms of forest productivity (volume and wood density) of 10 species. The native speciesAcacia farnesiana, Acacia schaffneri,Bumelia celastrina,Cercidium macrun,Condalia hookeri,Ebenopsis ebano,Helietta parvifolia, andProsopis laevigataand the exotic speciesEucalyptus camaldulensisandLeucaena leucocephalawere chosen due to their ecological and economic importance to the rural villages of northeastern Mexico. Measurements of different growth parameters and volume of trees were evaluated. The introduced speciesE. camaldulensisandL. leucocephalashowed the best performance in wood volume production per tree and per hectare when compared to the native species. Likewise, among the native species,E. ebano,P. laevigata,C. hookeri, andA. farnesianatended to show better characteristics in terms of wood volume production in comparison toH. parvifolia,A. schaffneri,C. macrum, andB. celastrina. Results showed a high diversity on the properties studied. The high biomass produced by most of the species considered in this study revealed their great energetic potential when used as wood and firewood or vegetal charcoal.

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Development and testing of a quantitative food frequency questionnaire for use in Kerala, India

Public Health Nutrition ◽

10.1079/phn19980019 ◽

1998 ◽

Vol 1 (2) ◽

pp. 123-130 ◽

Cited By ~ 25

Author(s):

James R Hebert ◽

Prakash C Gupta ◽

Ramesh B Bhonsle ◽

PR Murti ◽

Hemali Mehta ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Food Frequency Questionnaire ◽

Rural Areas ◽

Correlation Coefficients ◽

Regression Analyses ◽

Food Frequency ◽

Rural Villages ◽

Head Of Household ◽

Male Head ◽

Health Related ◽

Study Population

AbstractObjective:To develop and test a food frequency questionnaire (FFQ) for use in rural areas of Kerala, India.Design:Based on food use and market surveys of the study area, a quantitative 81-item interviewer-administered FFQ was developed. A validation study was conducted consisting of 24-h diet recalls (24HR) administered on 8 days randomly selected over an entire year and two administrations of the FFQ, one at the beginning of the l-year period and the other at the end. FFQ and 24HR-derived nutrient scores were compared using correlation and regression analyses and by examining differences in the nutrient scores.Setting:Rural villages in Ernakulum district, Kerala, South India.Subjects:In each of 30 households, the male head of household and female food preparer were enrolled.Results:Pearson (parametric) correlation coefficients (rp) averaged about 0.50 in comparing nutrient scores derived from the 24HR with those from the first FFQ and about 0.55 in comparing the second FFQ. On average, Spearman correlation coefficients (rs) were slightly lower than the rp in comparing the scores derived from the first FFQ, but virtually identical for the second FFQ. Regression analyses indicated better agreement in the comparison of the 24HR-derived scores with the first FFQ than the second FFQ. Difference scores, however, tended to be larger in comparing the first FFQ scores with the 24HR.Conclusions:This FFQ produces results broadly comparable to those used in Europe and North America, indicating its suitability for comparing exposures within a study population in reference to health-related endpoints.

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