scholarly journals Rifampicin resistance among patients with Tuberculosis at the Olabisi Onabanjo University Teaching Hospital, Sagamu

2018 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 53-59
Author(s):  
Olusoji J Daniel ◽  
Janet Olufisayo Bamidele ◽  
John Kolawole Sodeinde ◽  
Adeola Adebayo Ekundayo ◽  
Adekunle Albert Salako
Keyword(s):  
Mycobacterium Tuberculosis ◽  
Teaching Hospital ◽  
Sputum Sample ◽  
Rapid Test ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Resistance Rate ◽  
University Teaching ◽  
Rifampicin Resistance ◽  
Major Public Health Problem ◽  
Mycobacterium Tuberculosis Infection

Background: Tuberculosis (TB) is a major public health problem in Nigeria. The emergence of multidrug-resistant Tuberculosis poses a threat to global Tuberculosis control and if not effectively addressed, may wipe out the achievements of previous efforts in controlling Tuberculosis. Objectives: To determine the prevalence and factors associated with rifampicin resistance amongpatients receiving care for TB at the OlabisiOnabanjo University Teaching Hospital, Sagamu. Methods: A retrospective study of presumptive Tuberculosis cases managed between January 2013 and December 2016 at the Directly Observed Treatment clinic, OlabisiOnabanjoUniversity Teaching Hospital Sagamu, Ogun State, Nigeria,was done. One sputum sample was obtained from each patient for the Gene Xpert® test to diagnoseTB and to determine rifampicin resistance among patients with confirmed Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection. HIV screening  was also  carried out on all the patients using HIV Rapid Test kits. The sociodemographic data were retrieved from the presumptive Tuberculosis register. Results: A total of 1572 presumptive TB patients were screened for TB, out of which 187 (11.8%) were confirmed to be infected with Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MTB). A total of 20 (10.7%) of the 187 MTB patients had rifampicin resistance using Gene Xpert® method. Rifampicin resistance rate was significantlyassociated with re-treatment TB category but not with age, sex or HIV status. Conclusion: The study showed rifampicin drug resistance among confirmed TB patients. There is a need to decentralizethe use of  Gene Xpert® test for TB to the peripheral facilities and make it a point of care test for presumptive TB patients.

scholarly journals Isolation and Immunological Detection of Mycobacterium Tuberculosis from HIV and Non-HIV Patients in Benue State, Nigeria

2020 ◽  
Vol 30 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Francis Enenche Ejeh1 ◽  
Ann Undiandeye ◽  
Kenneth Okon ◽  
Haruna Moshud Kazeem ◽  
Ayuba Caleb Kudi
Keyword(s):  
Mycobacterium Tuberculosis ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Rifampicin Resistance ◽  
Major Public Health Problem ◽  
Mycobacterium Tuberculosis Infection ◽  
Hiv Patients ◽  
Lowenstein Jensen

BACKGROUND: Immunological techniques are important tools for tuberculosis epidemiology; although its use is underutilized in Nigeria. In this study, we report the epidemiological outlook of Mycobacterium tuberculosis among HIV patients in Benue State, Nigeria.METHODS: Sputum samples were collected from 425 suspected TB patients from July 2016 to February 2018 and subjected to acid-fast microscopy, GeneXpert MTB/RIF, processed using NALC-NaOH and cultured on Lowenstein-Jensen media. The isolates obtained were identified by SD-Bioline® assay.RESULTS: The prevalence of TB by acid-fast microscopy was 35(15.9%). The prevalence of TB by acid-fast bacilli was significantly (χ2 = 8.458; P = 0.003) highest among the 15-34 years age group (22.0%) compared with other age groups. TB prevalence was significantly (χ2 = 4.751; P = 0.029) higher among patients from rural areas than those from urban center (23.8% vs 14.1%). GeneXpert assay detected 64(15.1%) TB cases of which patients from rural areas had significantly (χ2 = 8.104; P = 0.017) higher prevalence of TB than patients from urban areas (23.8% vs 12.9%). The overall rifampicin resistance TB was 3.1%. Also, patients from rural areas had significantly (χ2 = 10.625; P = 0.005) higher rifampicin resistance compared with patient from urban areas (8.3% vs 1.3%). Of the 126(29.7%) mycobacterial isolates, 42(33.33%) were identified as MTBC and 84 (66.67%) as NTM by SD-Bioline®assay.CONCLUSIONS: The study revealed that Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection is still a major public health problem, with relatively high prevalence rate of rifampicin resistance among HIV positive patients. Further studies are needed for early detection and treatment intervention necessary for infection control.

scholarly journals Profil Évolutif Des Accidents Vasculaires Cérébraux Hémorragiques À Yaoundé (Hôpital Général& Centre Hospitalier Et Universitaire)

2016 ◽  
Vol 12 (21) ◽  
pp. 197
Author(s):  
Patrice Emmanuel Awono Ateba ◽  
Justin Ndié ◽  
Julienne Louise Ngo Likeng ◽  
Benjamin Alexandre Nkoum
Keyword(s):  
General Hospital ◽  
Teaching Hospital ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Premature Mortality ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
University Teaching ◽  
Evolutionary Trend ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Duration Of Hospitalization ◽  
The University

Nowadays, strokes constitute a real public health problem in the world. In Cameroon, because of the people’s lifestyle potential risk factor, the prevalence of hemorrhagic strokes as well as its mortality is on the rise. This study was aimed at analyzing the evolutionary profile of hemorrhagic strokes at the General Hospital and the University Teaching Hospital in Yaoundé. A retrospective cross-sectional study with a qualitative component was carried out at the General Hospital and the University Teaching Hospital in Yaoundé for 2 months. Were included, all patients with a diagnosis of hemorrhagic strokes confirmed by CT Scan. With the help of a scale, patient data over a 30 month’s period (2013-2015) were collected. Over 1037 patients hospitalized in intensive care unit at the General Hospital and the University Teaching Hospital in Yaoundé, 122 cases of hemorrhagic strokes were diagnosed, that is a prevalence of 11.8%. The average age was 58±10.52 and the most vulnerable age range was between 50 and 70 years with 67.2%. Men were most affected (60.7%) with a sex ratio of 1.54(74 men/48 women). Among these cases of hemorrhagic strokes still hospitalized, 70 had died giving a lethality rate of 57.4%. Only the duration of hospitalization had an effect on the outcome of patients with hemorrhagic strokes. Actually the patients, victims of hemorrhagic strokes who had had less than 21 days of hospitalization, had 2.91 chances of dying as compared to those patients hospitalized for over 21 days (OR=2.91 IC 95% [5.1-65.7]; p=0.000). The late admission to reanimation, the difficulties encountered by victims of hemorrhagic strokes and their careers, to handle the enormous cost of their treatment and the insufficiencies of the technical platform, were factors also influencing the evolution of hemorrhagic strokes hospitalized in reanimation at the General Hospital and the University Teaching Hospital in Yaoundé. Despite certain efforts aimed at reducing premature mortality, the prevalence of hemorrhagic strokes was increasing in reanimation at the General Hospital and University Teaching Hospital in Yaoundé. Only multisectorial actions of sensitization, the restructuring and amelioration of the care of this ailment will help reverse the evolutionary trend.

scholarly journals Insights into transmission dynamics of Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex in Nepal

2022 ◽  
Vol 50 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Yogendra Shah ◽  
Sarad Paudel ◽  
Kishor Pandey ◽  
Govind Prasad Gupta ◽  
Eddie Samuneti Solo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mycobacterium Tuberculosis ◽  
One Health ◽  
Animal Species ◽  
Mycobacterium Tuberculosis Complex ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Multi Drug Resistance ◽  
Major Public Health Problem ◽  
Tuberculosis Complex ◽  
Mdr Tb ◽  
The Government

AbstractTuberculosis (TB) is an infectious disease caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex (MTBC) in humans and animals. Numbers of multi drug resistance TB (MDR-TB), extrapulmonary TB (EPTB) and zoonotic TB cases are increasingly being reported every year in Nepal posing a major public health problem. Therefore, the Government of Nepal should act immediately to strengthen the screening facilities across the country to be able to identify and treat the TB infected patients as well as detect zoonotic TB in animal species. Endorsement of One Health Act by the Government of Nepal is an opportunity to initiate the joint programs for TB surveillance among human and animal species using one health approach to reduce the TB burden in Nepal.

scholarly journals COMPARATIVE ASSESSMENT OF BIOCHEMICAL AND IMMUNOLOGICAL MARKERS IN TUBERCULOSIS

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (10) ◽  
Author(s):  
Abhijit Ninghot ◽  
Kanchan Mohod ◽  
Mohd. Sameer Khan ◽  
Azmat Kamal Ansari ◽  
Satish Kumar
Keyword(s):  
Pulmonary Tuberculosis ◽  
Adenosine Deaminase ◽  
Sensitivity And Specificity ◽  
Sputum Sample ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Major Public Health Problem ◽  
Immunological Markers ◽  
Tuberculosis Antigen ◽  
Commercial Kits ◽  
Antigen Antibody

Introduction: Pulmonary tuberculosis is major public health problem in developing countries like India.Millions of people have died from tuberculosis. Many times it is difficult to get sputum sample from the patients. Some tests lack specificity, some other lack sensitivity. Hence, there is need of precise and faster diagnosis for patients attending hospitals. In this study, we compared the detection potential of biochemical and immunological markers(ADA, LDH and Mycobacterium tuberculosis H37Ra ES-31 & EST-6 antigens & antibodies based ELISAs) in pulmonary tuberculosis. Methods: 50 pulmonary tuberculosis cases confirmed by sputum examinationfor acid fast bacilli (AFB) and 50 age and sex matched control subjects were included in this study.ADA & LDH were estimated by using commercial kits. Tubercular antigens and antibodies were detected by ELISA method. Results: SerumADA detected pulmonary tuberculosis with sensitivityand specificityof 94%. Sensitivity and specificity of serum LDH in detecting pulmonary tuberculosis was found to be 94% and 36% respectively.Serumtubercular antigens detected pulmonary tuberculosis with sensitivity and specificity of 88%. Sensitivity and specificity of serum tubercular antibodies in detecting pulmonary tuberculosis was found to be 80% and 90% respectively. Conclusion: Adenosine deaminase has better detection potential over other markers in pulmonary tuberculosis. Keywords: Adenosine deaminase, Lactate dehydrogenase, Tuberculosis antigen-antibody

scholarly journals Prescribing pattern and awareness about anemia among in-patients in a tertiary care teaching hospital

2018 ◽  
Vol 5 (9) ◽  
pp. 4000
Author(s):  
Mohammed Sarfaraz ◽  
A. S. Archana ◽  
Bhavana Kalwa ◽  
Monish Abraham Mathew ◽  
Shilpa Anna Kuriakose ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Folic Acid ◽  
Teaching Hospital ◽  
Significant Positive Correlation ◽  
Tertiary Care ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Major Public Health Problem ◽  
Prescribing Pattern ◽  
Tertiary Care Teaching Hospital ◽  
Positive Correlation ◽  
Care Teaching

Background: Anemia is a major public health problem in India affecting people in all age groups with major consequences for human health as well as economic development. Hence the study aims to assess prescribing pattern of physicians in anemia and to create awareness among in-patients in a tertiary care teaching hospital.Methods: A prospective and observational study was carried out in 180 in-patients admitted to General Medicine department in a tertiary care teaching hospital diagnosed with anemia for 6 months. Data was collected from case sheets of patients and assessed for prescribing pattern and direct interview was conducted with patients using standardized KAP questionnaire on anemia.Results: Among 180 in-patients, 126 patients (70%) were females and 54 patients (30%) were males. As part of the therapy, folic acid with vitamin combinations (37 prescriptions) followed by elemental iron with folic acid combinations (32 prescriptions) were most prescribed drugs. KAP questions were scored appropriately and compared with hemoglobin levels. Knowledge level of patients was not significantly correlated (i.e., p=0.254) with their haemoglobin levels. There was a highly significant positive correlation (i.e., p=0.006) between attitude scores of patients and haemoglobin levels. A significant positive correlation (i.e., p=0.001) was found between practice scores of patients and hemoglobin levels.Conclusions: This study clearly showed that prescribing pattern of drugs in anemia patients’ needs to be continuously evaluated. To address the issue of anemia, the patient’s awareness should be enhanced.

scholarly journals Prevalence of Mycobacterium tuberculosis and Its Rifampicin Resistance among Patients Attending General Hospital Mararaba as a Case Study

2019 ◽  
pp. 1-10
Author(s):  
B. A. Ajide ◽  
M. M. Igbabul ◽  
O. I. Kanyi
Keyword(s):  
Mycobacterium Tuberculosis ◽  
General Hospital ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Informal Education ◽  
Resistance Rate ◽  
Rifampicin Resistance ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Suspected Tuberculosis ◽  
Level 3

Aims: To determine the prevalence of Mycobacterium tuberculosis and its Rifampicin resistance among patients attending General Hospital, Mararaba. Study Design: This was a descriptive health-based research that involved clinically suspected tuberculosis patients whose sputum samples were referred to General Hospital Mararaba for diagnosis. Place and Duration of Study: Department of tuberculosis, General Hospital Mararaba Nasarawa state between May to July 2019. Methodology: A total of 100 suspected TB patients of both male and female were included in the study. Two sputum samples from each patient were collected from these patients with sputum containers and samples were processed under level 3 biosafety cabinet by mixing with the reagent that was provided with the assay following manufacturer’s manual and thereafter, the cartridge containing this mixture was placed in the Gene Xpert machine. The processing of the sample is fully automated and takes less than two hours. Results: An overall prevalence of 21.5% was recorded for Mycobacterium tuberculosis with a rifampicin resistance rate of 65.11% among positive patients. The highest prevalence of infection was observed among the age group of above 40 years (40.0%), males (23.9%), self-employed people (25.6%), those living in a rural environment (31.8%) and those with informal education (35.7%). There was no statistically significant relationship between the prevalence of MTB to sex, marital status, education, employment and ethnicity (P>0.05). Environment factor was however significant (p<0.05). Highest frequency for rifampicin resistance was recorded in the age group 20-29(39.2%), (64.28%) in males, rural areas (57.14%), self-employed persons (57.14%) and single people (50.0%). Age about rifampicin resistance was significant (p<0.05) while sex, occupation, environment and rural areas were not significant (p>0.05). Conclusion: It was concluded that Mycobacterium tuberculosis and its Rif-resistance amongst patients attending General Hospital, Mararaba is comparatively high and indicative of the rate at which tuberculosis and drug resistance is still resilient despite various methods put in place to control it.

scholarly journals Prevalence of Skin Diseases in Kavre District, Nepal

1970 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 7-9
Author(s):  
D Karn ◽  
R Khatri ◽  
M Timalsina
Keyword(s):  
General Population ◽  
Skin Diseases ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
University Teaching ◽  
Major Public Health Problem ◽  
Dermatology Department ◽  
Total Study Population ◽  
Pigmentary Disorders ◽  
Number Of Patients ◽  
Prevalent Disease

Background Skin is the major interface of human to the environment . It is the major susceptible organ for any disease. Wide prevalence of skin diseases in the community is a well established fact. Objectve The aim of this study is to determine the prevalence of skin diseases among the general population of Kavre District,Nepal . Methods This is a hospital based, retrospective study done among all the patients visiting Dhulikhel Hospital, Kathmandu University Teaching Hospital, in Dhulikhel, Kavre during the year 2007-2008 AD. Data were obtained from the hospital out-patient records and analyzed. The total number of patients who visited the hospital were 74,279 (male-30,809 female- 43,470), out of which 7374 (9 .92 %), male 4155, female 3219, visited the Dermatology Department. Among this total study population now comparative study of the prevalence of skin diseases was performed based on sex, age and type of dermatological condition. Results The overall prevalence of skin diseases were 9.92% with slight higher rates seen among males ( 56.34 %) than females (43.65 %).Non-infective conditions , 6063 ( 82.22% ) outweighed infective conditions 1311 (17.78 %), commonest one being the pigmentary disorders (32.56 %) and in the age group 16-35 years old (31.23% ). Conclusion This study demonstrates that skin diseases are one of the most prevalent disease condition among the general population, representing a major public health problem. Keywords Prevalence; infective diseases; non-infective diseases. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/njdvl.v9i1.5761 NJDVL 2010; 9(1): 7-9

scholarly journals Pattern of acute poisoning in teaching hospital, northwest Ethiopia

2016 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 47 ◽  
Author(s):  
Getnet Mequanint Adinew ◽  
Assefa Belay Asrie
Keyword(s):  
Teaching Hospital ◽  
Health Problem ◽  
Supportive Therapy ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Acute Poisoning ◽  
Northwest Ethiopia ◽  
Major Public Health Problem ◽  
Major Health Problem ◽  
Hospital Emergency Room ◽  
Study Population

<p><strong>Background:</strong> Acute poisoning is considered a major health problem worldwide and is a frequent cause of hospital admission. It is estimated that poisons are responsible for more than 1 million illnesses worldwide annually.</p><p><strong>Objective:</strong> To evaluate retrospectively the pattern of acute poisoning in teaching hospital, northwest Ethiopia.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods:</strong> This was an observational, retrospective study. The study population includes all patients who visiting Gondar teaching hospital emergency room who were diagnosed with acute poisoning from September 2010 to December 2014. All data were analyzed using SPSS 20.</p><p><strong>Result:</strong> Acute poisoning cases constituted 0.67% of the 34320 admissions to the emergency department. Of these 233 patients, 148 (63.5%) were female and 85 (36.5%) were male.88.42% were younger than 30 years of age and the frequency of acute poisoning declined with advanced age. Organophosphates were the most frequent cause of poisoning and accounted for 89 cases (38.2%). Intentional poisoning comprised 57.5 %.83.6 %( 195 cases) of the cases were ingested orally, the mean arrival time to the emergency unit after poisoning was 4.2 hours and the average duration of hospital stay was 11.26hours. It was found that 60 % of the cases were simply received supportive therapy. The most common factors contributing to intentional poisoning was quarreled with their family (54.2%) followed by love affairs (18.4%). The mortality rate was 0.43%</p><p><strong>Conclusions:</strong> The data observed in this hospital based shows acute poisoning remains a major public health problem with pesticide poisoning remaining the most common and therefore concerning poison.</p>

scholarly journals COMPARISON OF A DNA BASED PCR APPROACH WITH CONVENTIONAL METHODS FOR THE DETECTION OF MYCOBACTERIUM TUBERCULOSIS IN MOROCCO

2012 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. e2012049 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fathiah Zakham ◽  
Oufae Lahlou ◽  
Mohammed Akrim ◽  
Nada Bouklata ◽  
Sanae Jaouhari ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mycobacterium Tuberculosis ◽  
Insertion Sequence ◽  
Clinical Manifestations ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
High Specificity ◽  
Major Public Health Problem ◽  
Predictive Values ◽  
Polymerase Chain ◽  
Pcr Techniques ◽  
Potential Tool

Background: Worldwide, tuberculosis (TB) is a major public health problem and the rapid diagnosis and appropriate chemotherapy become the first priority and a serious challenge to improve TB treatment.In the objective of early TB diagnosis and rapid detection of Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MTB) in the clinical specimens, the utility of the Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) using the Insertion Sequence 6110 (IS6110) as target was compared to conventional methods.Methods: Out of 305 patients with different clinical manifestations: suspected, new, drug relapse, drug failure and chronic cases were enrolled in this study and tested by mycobacteriological and PCR techniques for the investigation about the tubercle bacilli.Results: The results of the in house IS6110 PCR showed a good sensitivity (92, 42%) and high specificity (98%), the positive and negative predictive values were 96.4 % and 95.3 % respectively.Conclusion: This study showed clearly that the PCR testing using the IS6110 in the routine analysis is a potential tool for the rapid TB diagnosis, especially for critical cases and would be of great interest to help the clinician in the misdiagnosed critical cases by the traditional radiology.

The role of BCG in prevention of tuberculosis and the strategies to improve its immunogenicity

2018 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 21-26
Author(s):  
Jolanta Mazurek
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Antibiotic Resistance ◽  
Mycobacterium Tuberculosis ◽  
Health Problem ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Major Public Health Problem ◽  
Human Pathogen ◽  
Deadly Disease ◽  
A Current

Tuberculosis (TB) remains a major public health problem and the main cause of death from the infectious diseases worldwide. Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb), a causative agent of tuberculosis, is the oldest known human pathogen. The only available TB vaccine, BCG, was first administered in 1921 and since then remains the only protecting tool against TB. Yet, its efficacy is limited and there is an urgent need to design and produce a novel vaccine that will protect against this deadly disease in the era of emerging problems with antibiotic resistance. In this review a current, global TB situation is outlined and the characteristics of BCG are presented. Finally, the strategies leading to generation of BCG variants providing improved protecting efficacy are shortly described.

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