scholarly journals INFLUENCE OF ECONOMIC SPACE IMBALANCES ON THE FUNCTIONING OF THE ENTERPRISE FINANCIAL MECHANISM

2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 68-72
Author(s):  
Lidiia Fedoryshyna ◽  
Nataliia Vilchynska
Keyword(s):  
Trade Deficit ◽  
Balance Of Payments ◽  
Economic Activities ◽  
Trade Surplus ◽  
Successful Operation ◽  
Economic Space ◽  
Financial Account ◽  
Positive Balance ◽  
Main Component ◽  
Financial Mechanism

The purpose of this article is to analyse the nature of imbalances in the economic space, as the problem of impact on the functioning of the financial mechanism of the enterprise is especially relevant for Ukraine, because the results of the domestic financial sector are unbalanced. At the same time, a significant impact is reflected in the functioning of the financial mechanism of the enterprise, expanding its functional load. The instability of economic conditions in Ukraine significantly affects the financial and economic activities of economic entities, which causes non-fulfilment of their planned tasks for the development of their own business. To ensure the successful operation, enterprises must assess the imbalances of the economic space, which are precursors to the development of crisis processes that can have a devastating effect. Methodology. In the course of the research it has been found that the financial mechanism of the enterprise is subject to influence both at the level of the enterprise itself and at the level of economic space. It is determined that the main source of information on the imbalance of the economic space is the balance of payments. Balance of payments is the ratio between the amount of cash received by the country from abroad and the amount of payments abroad during a certain period (year, quarter, month). The main component of the balance of payments is the current account, and the most important item is the balance of goods (trade balance). Its condition determines the state of the balance of payments as a whole, and its dynamics demonstrates the effectiveness of macroeconomic policy. The positive balance of trade indicates an increase in demand for goods and services of the country. The negative balance indicates the low competitiveness of the country’s goods abroad. In the case when the value of exports exceeds the value of imports, a trade surplus is formed. If the value of imports exceeds the value of exports, then there is a trade deficit. The financial account of the balance of payments reflects the sale and repayment of financial claims of one country to another. All financial transactions are classified into three groups: direct investment, portfolio investment, and other investments. The dynamics of the financial account during the study period is negative. This indicator was affected by the crisis in the economy, as well as imperfect legislative support for foreign investors in Ukraine. Results. Theoretical information and structure of the balance of payments are presented, balance of payments articles are analysed, the dynamics of the balance of payments of Ukraine is outlined. The main feature of 2015-2019 is the strengthening of globalization. The intensification of relations between the countries leads to a stronger integration of the whole economy, which in turn creates additional risks associated with the transmission of possible crises in the chain. Value/originality. It is established that the functioning of the financial mechanism of the enterprise is considered under the influence of many factors of the system, in particular economic space. The generation of these imbalances leads to an increase in the vulnerability of the financial mechanism, violating the stability, which is manifested in the inability to resist changes in the situation. By assessing the imbalances of the economic space on the basis of macroeconomic and monetary indicators obtained during the monitoring, economic entities will be able to counteract shocks in the event of a change in the situation.

scholarly journals Remittance: Role and Challenges in Nepalese Economy

2017 ◽  
Vol 40 (1-4) ◽  
pp. 78-84
Author(s):  
Krishnahari Budhathoki
Keyword(s):  
Labor Migration ◽  
Trade Deficit ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Labor Cost ◽  
Balance Of Payments ◽  
Social Benefits ◽  
Economic Activities ◽  
Infrastructural Development ◽  
Effective Use ◽  
Developing And Developed Countries

Both developing and developed countries have made a significant study of remittance and labor migration. Developing countries have attained benefits from remittance to uplift economic activities like maintaining household consumption, increasing pattern of saving and investment, receiving foreign currencies for imports, making favorable balance of payments, diplomatic activities, enhancing social and infrastructural development and maintain macroeconomic stability. The study explores the role and challenges of remittance in Nepalese economy. No doubt, Nepal as least developing country attains lots of benefits from remittance and labor migration. Along with such economic and social benefits, remittance generates a lot challenges in economy such as brain drain, trade deficit, shortage of man power, higher labor cost, backwardness of productive sectors of economy and a lot of social problems. The study also points out of effective use of remittance that helps to mobilize internal resource to create employment opportunities in a country with a formulation of proper implementation of necessary policy regarding a proper utilization of remittance.

scholarly journals ESTIMATION OF BALANCE OF PAYMENTS OF UKRAINE

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Volodymyr Tyshchenko ◽  
Olena Tyshchenko
Keyword(s):  
Current Account ◽  
The State ◽  
Balance Of Payments ◽  
Current Account Surplus ◽  
Foreign Economic Policy ◽  
Goods And Services ◽  
Financial Account ◽  
Positive Balance ◽  
Main Components ◽  
The Current Account

The article highlights the features of the formation and assessment of the balance of payments in Ukraine. The balance of payments of Ukraine is a functional macroeconomic model that reflects all transactions that are carried out between the subjects of the national economy and the subjects of the economies of other countries of the world. This model allows you to develop and implement a sound foreign economic policy of Ukraine, analyze the state of commodity and financial markets, conduct scientific research of economic processes in the state, etc. Ukraine is actively implementing the methodology of balance of payments formation according to the recommendations of the International Monetary Fund. Ukraine's balance of payments by main components is grouped into two accounts: "capital and financial transactions" and "current transactions": capital transactions cover all transactions related to the receipt or payment of capital transfers and the acquisition or sale of property rights and non-financial assets; current transactions include all transactions between residents and non-residents on real values, as well as transactions on the free provision or receipt of valuables for current use. Like any other "balance of payments" consists of receipts and payments. It is active (surplus) when revenues are greater than payments and passive (deficit) when payments are greater than revenues. Based on the assessment of the balance of payments of Ukraine for 2020, certain conclusions can be drawn: stable external demand for food softened the drop in exports of goods from Ukraine during the COVID-19 pandemic, and the increase in prices contributed to its growth at the end of 2020; despite a slight recovery in domestic demand in the IV quarters of 2020, imports of goods to Ukraine by the results of 2020 decreased significantly; the current account surplus in Ukraine in 2020 was provided by a significant positive balance of trade in services and a record surplus of the primary income account; capital outflow from Ukraine on the financial account stopped at the end of 2020 due to the optimism of investors; despite the crisis and significant payments on external debt, Ukraine's gross reserves increased in 2020, and the financial crisis once again confirmed the importance of both international support and a balanced macroeconomic policy. The current account surplus in Ukraine in 2020 reached one of the largest levels in the history of Ukraine, it was formed due to a significant decrease in imports of goods and services, a reduction in payments on primary income and the relative stability of exports of goods and remittances. The article proposes recommendations for improving approaches to the formation of the balance of payments in Ukraine using certain methods when regulating the balance of payments of the state.

scholarly journals MANAGEMENT OF FOREIGN ECONOMIC ACTIVITIES OF UKRAINE IN THE PROCESS OF BUSINESS DEVELOPMENT

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Olha Rudachenko ◽  
Svitlana Yurieva ◽  
Dmytro Sokolov
Keyword(s):  
Foreign Trade ◽  
Trade Policy ◽  
Financial Stability ◽  
Trade Deficit ◽  
The State ◽  
Balance Of Payments ◽  
No Production ◽  
Economic Activities ◽  
Full Member ◽  
The Future

The paper presents an analysis of foreign economic activities, which are one of the key components of life of any country. A lot depends on its results, starting from the balance of payments of the state, ending with the assessment of the quality of life of the population. Poor balance of payments leads to the need to borrow money, resulting in growing public debt. The main indicators of exports and imports have been analyzed, their forecast values for the future period have been determined. It has been proven that one of the key tasks of the government should be a systematic review of foreign trade policy. The efficiency of international trade is one of the main indicators that characterize the level of development of the state, as it affects all macroeconomic indicators and allows increasing the efficiency of resource use through the production of goods in the production of which the country has competitive advantages. However, unfortunately, the efficiency of Ukrainian foreign trade is very low. The analysis showed that the trade turnover with the CIS countries, Europe and the Asian region is growing every year, and the gap between imports and exports continues to widen, which may lead to an increase in the trade imbalance in the future. The trade deficit is an established tradition for Ukraine as a state throughout its history. The constant deficit in trade in goods leads to the loss of financial stability of the state and the need to constantly attract additional resources from other areas of activity to cover the trade deficit, which in turn leads to a slowdown in economic growth. Thus, within the system of agreements of the World Trade Organization there is a huge arsenal of tools and mechanisms for trade policy. To overcome systemic imbalances in foreign trade, trade procedures need to be simplified, as well as customs tariff commitments for Ukraine. The country’s foreign economic activity is one of the main directions of development of many modern countries, the source of goods, the production of which is impossible within the country, as well as income from export-import operations for many countries where for some reason there are no production processes. . Due to Ukraine’s strategy to become a full member of international cooperation and trade, to establish economic cooperation with foreign partners, the volume of foreign economic transactions has increased significantly in recent years.

Chapter III. Industries and Services

1985 ◽  
Vol 114 ◽  
pp. 46-57
Keyword(s):  
Trade Deficit ◽  
Oil Production ◽  
Balance Of Payments ◽  
Committee Report ◽  
Volume Changes ◽  
Select Committee ◽  
Industrial Countries ◽  
Relative Prices ◽  
Slow Progress ◽  
The Uk

Given the depressing effect of the gradual decline in oil production and the slow progress in manufacturing, in contrast to the faster growth of services, the importance of production industries in the economy will be lower by the end of the decade. Estimates based on volume changes alone, disregarding the future course of relative prices, indicate that ‘de-industrialisation’ appears to be continuing. This is not especially a British phenomenon and may be experienced by many industrial countries. It is more important for the UK, however, because falling oil production poses a considerable threat to the balance of payments. Manufacturing ought to play a decisive part in filling the gap and its revitalisation in the coming years is of paramount importance. In this context we are in agreement with the recent Select Committee Report which found the implications of the growing trade deficit in manufactured goods ‘most serious’ and ‘the need for change urgent’.

Saps and Female Reproductive Health in Kenya

1997 ◽  
Vol 25 (2) ◽  
pp. 16-19
Author(s):  
Eunice K. Kamara
Keyword(s):  
Developing Countries ◽  
Global Economy ◽  
Structural Adjustment ◽  
Trade Deficit ◽  
Public Expenditures ◽  
Trade Surplus ◽  
Female Reproductive Health ◽  
Economic Collapse ◽  
Structural Adjustment Programmes ◽  
Developed World

Since the 1980s, the world has experienced a number of economic recessions. As would be expected, developing countries have borne the brunt of the resultant economic crisis. It is estimated, for example, that the total debt of the developing world rose from $562 billion in 1982 to $1,020 billion in 1988.’ Many of the developing countries are still on the verge of economic collapse, unable to service accumulated foreign debts. Various measures were taken by the developed world in an attempt to revive the fallen global economy. These measures included the introduction of Structural Adjustment Programmes (SAPs) which aimed at (among other targets) reducing national public expenditures and effecting a shift “from a trade deficit to a trade surplus or at least, a reduction of the size of the trade deficit, at least in part to service the debt.”

Integrating Blockchain Platforms With Big Data Solutions for Regional Innovation Development

2020 ◽  
pp. 175-186
Author(s):  
Leyla Ayvarovna Gamidullaeva ◽  
Vardan Mkrttchian ◽  
Alexey Finogeev
Keyword(s):  
Big Data ◽  
Intellectual Property ◽  
Intellectual Property Rights ◽  
Third Party ◽  
Smart Contracts ◽  
Economic Activities ◽  
Regional Innovation ◽  
Innovation Development ◽  
Distributed Transaction ◽  
Main Component

The chapter discusses the creation of a mechanism for ensuring reliable and secure interaction among participants in regional innovation systems based on the establishment of smart contracts in the blockchain. The technology allows to reduce the possibility of fraud by dishonest participants, as well as to exclude the need for a third party by transferring its functions to a smart contract. This is important for ensuring confidential and transparent relations between participants in innovative projects, as well as with interested subjects of social and economic activities in the regions. The Ethereum blockchain platform was chosen to create smart contracts. On its basis, there were developed components to perform transactions in contracting, creating, and implementing innovations, transferring intellectual property rights, using rights and licenses for innovation, etc. The main component of the system is a distributed transaction register with digital copies of innovation objects.

Features of the Formation of Direct Investment Articles and Its Impact on the Balance of Payments and the International Investment Position of the Country

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 14-19
Author(s):  
К. Буневич ◽  
K. Bunevich ◽  
Э. Гаврилова ◽  
E. Gavrilova ◽  
О. Иванова ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Direct Investment ◽  
International Investment ◽  
Balance Of Payments ◽  
Economic Activities ◽  
Economic Relations ◽  
Qualitative Nature ◽  
International Investment Position

The balance of payments and the international investment position (hereinafter referred to as the IIP) reflect the specifics and peculiarities of the country's economy. However, the data of statistical reports on the economic activities of the country represent only the final formed results for a certain period or date. They do not reflect the nature of the formation of their individual articles. For a deeper understanding of the country's economic processes, it is necessary to analyze the qualitative nature of the formation of the final articles included in the statistical reports under consideration; economic relations due to the flow of direct investment and the role of this flow in reflecting the economic processes of the country.

scholarly journals Oil-and-gas complex: problems and solutions: materials of the Third national scientific and practical conference with international participation

2021 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Oil And Gas ◽  
Geological Structure ◽  
Economic Activities ◽  
Successful Operation ◽  
The Third ◽  
Complex Problems ◽  
Oil And Gas Fields ◽  
Aerospace Monitoring ◽  
Problems And Solutions ◽  
Practical Conference

The collection includes materials submitted to the Third national scientific and practical conference «Oil and Gas complex: problems and solutions». The conference discussed the development of technologies for the successful operation of Russian oil and gas complex, their geological structure, geodetic support of economic activities, and the specifics of space and ground monitoring of natural and technogenic processes. The conference materials offer solutions in various subject areas. The information presented in collection will allow Russian and foreign scientists and specialists to get acquainted with latest achievements of technologies and equipment for prospecting, exploration, development of oil and gas fields, methods of processing aerospace monitoring data.

scholarly journals The strategy of the combined sales as the modern instrument for enhancing the product distribution planning of enterprises on foreign markets

2021 ◽  
pp. 45-48
Author(s):  
Yuliia CHYRKOVA ◽  
Lesia BILETS
Keyword(s):  
Product Distribution ◽  
Manufacturing Companies ◽  
Economic Activities ◽  
Foreign Markets ◽  
Advantages And Disadvantages ◽  
Sales Strategy ◽  
Marketing Activities ◽  
Modern Economic ◽  
Main Component ◽  
General Product

Nowadays, sales activities are a determining component of the competitiveness of almost every enterprise engaged in foreign economic activities. In modern economic conditions and the strengthening of the world globalization process, more and more attention is paid to the distribution of export-oriented products as the main component of the enterprise marketing activities. To implement efficient distribution of products, first of all, it must be well planned. It's considered that it is exactly planning, which is the most important condition for the effective implementation of the marketing activities of the exporting enterprise. The aim of the work is to determine the essence of the combined sales strategy as an up-to-date tool for improving the planning of the products distribution at enterprises in the context of the intensification of activities in foreign markets. The analysis of the latest research and publications has been carried out. The “products distribution” concept is presented as the main component of the enterprise marketing activities. In general, product distribution is an enterprise's activity aimed at overcoming the spatial, temporal and quantitative commodity differences between the production and consumer spheres, which also includes the transfer of ownership of products to meet the needs of consumers and achieve the company's goals in target markets. Meanwhile, the combined marketing implies a combination of direct and indirect methods of the commodities promotion, that is, a manufacturer can form his own sales network, but at the same time does not refuse the services of intermediaries. The advantages and disadvantages of using this method for manufacturing companies were listed. It also describes the conditions under which it is advisable to use the strategy of combined sales, especially it concerns the companies in the conditions of export activation. The factors influencing the implementation of the combined sales strategy by the enterprise in the context of the intensification of activities in foreign markets are presented.

scholarly journals BANKRUPTCY AS A RISK AND A TOOL FOR PREVENTIVE RESPONSE IN ENTREPRENEURIAL ACTIVITY

2021 ◽  
pp. 35-47
Author(s):  
M.S. Oborin ◽  
◽  
M.R. Martirosyan ◽  
◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Crisis Management ◽  
Entrepreneurial Activity ◽  
Theoretical Interpretation ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Strategic Decisions ◽  
Economic Activities ◽  
Main Research ◽  
Economic Methods ◽  
Business Entities ◽  
Main Component

The evolution of economic relations, changes in the regimes and conditions of doing business naturally contributed to the formation of the institution of bankruptcy, which has economic and legal characteristics and content. The institution of bankruptcy is a mechanism for regulating macroeconomic and market processes by the state, controlling the stability of financial and economic activities in the regions of the country, regardless of the level of risk and industry affiliation of business entities. Bankruptcy of an enterprise —is an economic state of insufficient liquid assets to cover urgent obligations (subjective bankruptcy), which can be fixed in court (objective bankruptcy). One of the reasons that lead any business structure to ruin is the mistakes of the management structure when making strategic decisions regarding the alternative development of the company. Thus, the main component of effective enterprise development and forecasting of potential risks is a rationally developed management strategy. The purpose of the study is to clarify the substantive and procedural aspects of bankruptcy as a complex intersectoral institution and to develop a model of preventive and anti-crisis management of the risk of bankruptcy of enterprises. The main research methods are historical-legal, content-analysis of normative-legal acts regulating the issues of insolvency, analysis of statistical data on the studied problem, modeling. The article considers various directions of scientific and theoretical interpretation of the concept and signs of bankruptcy. The effectiveness of regulatory and economic methods and institutions of bankruptcy regulation in Russia has been evaluated. The stages of development of the conceptual foundations of insolvency related to the formation of legislation are presented. The structure of bankruptcy as a complex intersectoral institution is presented, taking into account the substantive and procedural aspects. The scientific novelty of the research lies in the development of a model of preventive and anti-crisis management of the risk of bankruptcy of enterprises, the significance of which lies in the predictive determination of key risks, taking into account the strategy and tactics of entrepreneurial activity. Successful foresight of negative changes in the external and internal environment, development of scenarios of compensation of consequences are most important in the prevention of insolvency. The directions of future research are related to the formation of a strategic management system focused on the characteristics of small and medium-sized businesses and the development of parameters for predicting the risk of bankruptcy.

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