scholarly journals Physical and nutritional activity as an intervention against obesity

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 013-020
Author(s):  
Guillermina Arenas Montaño ◽  
Ramírez Cortes Ariel
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Body Fat ◽  
Metabolic Diseases ◽  
Statistical Significance ◽  
Clinical History ◽  
Overweight And Obesity ◽  
Abdominal Circumference ◽  
Obese Women ◽  
Obesity And Overweight ◽  
The Impact

Introduction: Obesity and overweight are the most dominant chronic non-communicable pathologies of the century, causing metabolic diseases, such as Diabetes Mellitus and Arterial Hypertension. With WHO data indicating that since 1980 it has more than doubled worldwide, in 2008 1.5 billion adults were overweight, of this number 200 million men were obese and 300 million were obese women. Such is the impact that the WHO declared obesity and overweight as a worldwide epidemic. Objective: To identify the integral health status of university students by means of a clinical history, healthy and unhealthy lifestyles related to nutrition and physical activity. Method: We studied a population of 50 students, 19 males and 31 females, of different degrees of the Facultad de Estudios Superiores Iztacala, with overweight and obesity, and interested in improving their eating habits and lifestyles and are attended in the clinics of the disease prevention program (PROSALUD). Results: There was a statistical reduction in the average BMI and abdominal circumference, but no decrease in the percentage of body fat. Conclusions: Constancy in physical activity is a vital constant in weight reduction, along with diet, however described this in the literature that more time is required with this discipline to obtain statistical significance in the reduction of body fat, it is highly recommended the intervention plan used in the PROSALUD program to attend students with overweight and metabolic problems

Adolescent’s profile with overweight and obesity at vitória municipal school system

2011 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 205
Author(s):  
Bruno Luna Oliveira ◽  
Cristian Fernando de Siqueira Alves ◽  
Karol Lacava Cordeiro ◽  
Maria Aline Almeida Guerra ◽  
Alcides Da Silva Diniz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
School System ◽  
Skin Color ◽  
Eating Habits ◽  
Statistical Significance ◽  
Overweight And Obesity ◽  
Abdominal Circumference ◽  
Anthropometric Measures ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Significance Level

ABSTRACT Objetive: to analyze the prevalence of overweight and obesity in adolescent students in Vitória de Santo Antão city. Méthod: this is about a cross sectional study with a sample of adolescents aged 10-19 years selected by conglomerate in municipal school system from Vitória de Santo Antão city. The sample comprised of 255 students was analyzed according to the socioeconomic, anthropometric measures, physical activity and eating habits variables in December 2009. Statistical analysis of parametric variables were made using Chi-square and t test at a significance level of 5%. The study was submitted to the Ethics Committee of the Federal University of Pernambuco and approved under number 262/09. Results: the prevalence of overweight in both sexes was 19.2%, other factors were not associated (p> 0.05), as skin color, social class and eating habits. Triglyceride levels, physical activity and hypertension showed statistical significance when related to excess weight. Conclusion: the adolescents affected by overweight and obesity were more susceptible to hypertension and hypertriglyceridemia. Reduction in BMI and health habits of life contributes to the reduction of cardiometabolic morbidity. Descriptors: adolescent; hypertension; obesity; abdominal circumference; cross sectional study.RESUMOObjetivo: analisar a prevalência de sobrepeso e obesidade em adolescentes escolares na cidade de Vitória de Santo Antão. Método: estudo transversal, com amostra composta por adolescentes de 10-19 anos, selecionada por conglomerado, na rede municipal de ensino em Vitória de Santo Antão. A amostra composta por 255 estudantes foi analisada segundo as variáveis socioeconômicas, medidas antropométricas, práticas de atividade física e hábitos alimentares em dezembro de 2009. Para análise foi utilizando o teste Qui-quadrado e o Teste t em nível de significância de 5%. O estudo foi submetido ao Comitê de Ética da Universidade Federal de Pernambuco e aprovado sob o nº 262/09. Resultados: a prevalência de excesso de peso em ambos os sexos foi 19,2%, outros fatores não estiveram associados com o excesso de peso (p>0,05) como cor da pele, classe social e hábitos alimentares. Os níveis de triglicerídeo, atividade física e hipertensão arterial apresentaram significância estatística quando relacionados com o excesso de peso. Conclusão: os adolescentes acometidos por sobrepeso e obesidade estiveram mais expostos a hipertensão e hipertrigliceridemia. Espera-se que a redução do IMC e adoção de hábitos saudáveis de vida contribua para uma significativa redução de morbidades cardiometabólicas. Descritores: adolescente; obesidade; circunferência abdominal; estudos transversais.RESUMEN Objetivo: analizar la prevalencia de sobrepeso y obesidad en estudiantes adolescentes en Vitória de Santo Antao. Método: estúdio con diseño transversal, con una muestra de adolescentes de 10-19 años seleccionada por el conglomerado en el sistema municipal de educación en Vitória de Santo Antão. La muestra de 255 estudiantes fueron analizados de acuerdo a las medidas socioeconómicas, antropométricas, actividad física y los hábitos alimentarios en diciembre de 2009. El análisis estadístico de las variables paramétricas se realizaron mediante la prueba de Chi-cuadrado y teste t a un nivel de significancia del 5%. El estudio fue presentado al Comité de Ética de la Universidad Federal de Pernambuco y aprobados en virtud del n º 262/09. Resultados: La prevalencia de sobrepeso en ambos sexos fue del 19,2%, otros factores no se asociaron (p> 0,05), como la clase sociales, color de la piel y hábitos alimenticios. Los niveles de triglicéridos, actividad física y la hipertensión fueron significativos cuando se relaciona con el exceso de peso. Conclusion: adolescentes afectados por el sobrepeso y la obesidad fueron más susceptibles a la hipertensión y la hipertrigliceridemia. Se espera que la reducción del índice de masa corporal y los hábitos de vida saludable ayudará a una reducción significativa de la morbilidad cardiometabólico. Descriptores: adolescentes; obesidad; circunferencia abdominal; estudio transversal.

scholarly journals “Childhood Obesity its Factors, Complications and Impact on Overall Health in Children”

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-5
Author(s):  
Asma Saghir Khan
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Childhood Obesity ◽  
Health Care Professionals ◽  
Genetic Factors ◽  
Overweight And Obesity ◽  
Family Influences ◽  
Childhood Overweight And Obesity ◽  
Number Of Factors ◽  
Obesity And Overweight

Childhood, overweight and obesity are increasingly significant problems, and ones that are likely to endure and to have long term adverse influences on the health of individuals and populations unless action is taken to reverse the trend. A number of factors have been suggested as contributing to the development of childhood obesity. These include genetic factors, decreasing levels of physical activity, increased time spent in sedentary behavior and changes in diet. In addition, lifestyle factors, including family influences, changes in society and media advertising, have been associated with the increasing incidence of obesity and overweight in childhood. To address the problem, health care professionals should incorporate appropriate screening in their child practice. Comprehensive assessment of children who are, or who are at risk of becoming, obese is also necessary

scholarly journals Is the impact of adiposity on taste perceptions moderated by chronic physical activity? An overview of the data from NHANES 2013-2014.

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alexandre-Charles Gauthier ◽  
Marie-Eve Mathieu
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Body Fat ◽  
Activity Level ◽  
Body Fat Percentage ◽  
Activity Levels ◽  
Fat Percentage ◽  
Active Lifestyle ◽  
Physical Activity Levels ◽  
Tip Test ◽  
The Impact

Introduction Taste is a key sensory modulator of eating behaviour and thus energy intake. The effects of acute exercise has recently been confirmed especially regarding sweet and salty tastes. Physical activity is a safe and effective countermeasure to certain types of chemosensory losses, especially in older populations. Knowing that taste can be impaired with increased adiposity, it is unknown if the adoption of an active lifestyle on a regular basis can mitigate such impairments. Methods Data were extracted from NHANES 2013-2014 database. Perception of salt and bitter tastes for Tongue Tip Test and Whole Mouth Test, physical activity levels over an 8-9-day period and adiposity were analyzed. Moderation analyses were used to study the impact of adiposity on taste perceptions, with physical activity level as the moderator. Results The 197 participants (130 males) included in this project had a mean+/-standard deviation age of 49.1+/-5.2 years, a mean body fat percentage of 31.7+/-7.6% and mean daily physical activity levels of 11 084+/-3531 Monitor-Independent Movement Summary unit (MIMS). The positive association between adiposity and both bitter Tongue Tip Test and overall result (salt+bitter) of Tongue Tip Test were moderated by the adoption of an active lifestyle, with better taste scores observed in individuals achieving higher physical activity levels. When moderation analysis were stratified by gender, the effect of physical activity was no longer significant. Perspectives This study is the first to evaluate the influence of an active lifestyle on the preservation of some taste perceptions across a wide range of adiposity levels. While differences in taste can be observed regarding body fat percentage, physical activity moderates that relation only when men and women are analysed together.

scholarly journals Prevalence and factors associated with overweight and obesity among children from primary schools in urban areas of Lomé, Togo

2018 ◽  
Vol 21 (6) ◽  
pp. 1048-1056 ◽  
Author(s):  
Herbert Sagbo ◽  
Didier Koumavi Ekouevi ◽  
Dorland Tafitarilova Ranjandriarison ◽  
Serge Niangoran ◽  
Tchaa Abalo Bakai ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Primary Schools ◽  
Dietary Diversity ◽  
Eating Habits ◽  
Statistical Significance ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Overweight And Obesity ◽  
Economic Conditions ◽  
Obesity Prevalence ◽  
Factors Associated

AbstractObjectiveOverweight and obesity in childhood are serious public health issues, both in developing and developed countries. The present study aimed to ascertain overweight and obesity prevalence rates among Togolese schoolchildren in Lomé, Togo, and their correlation with physical activity, socio-economic conditions and eating habits.DesignCross-sectional survey conducted in December 2015. Overweight and obesity were defined using age- and sex-specific BMI cut-off points of the International Obesity Task Force. Physical activity, socio-economic conditions and eating habits were assessed with a standardized questionnaire. Specially trained medical students interviewed children and collected the data. After bivariate regression analyses, factors associated with overweight/obesity were identified by multivariate logistic regression. Statistical significance was two-sided P<0·05.SettingLomé, Togo.SubjectsRepresentative sample of 634 children (288 boys, 346 girls), aged 8–17 years, who were studying in primary schools.ResultsOverweight and obesity respectively affected 5·2 and 1·9 % of children surveyed. Watching television (>4 h) on weekends (OR; 95 % CI: 3·8; 1·2, 12·0, P=0·02) and medium dietary diversity score (3·0; 1·1, 8·1, P=0·03) were independently associated with overweight/obesity in a multivariate regression model. Eating breakfast in the school cafeteria (0·2; 0·1, 0·8, P=0·03) and eating fruits (0·4; 0·1, 0·9, P=0·03) significantly reduced the risk of overweight/obesity.ConclusionsOverweight and obesity prevalence were linked with sedentary behaviour and non-optimal food diversity. Promoting physical activity and fruit consumption should be explored as interventions to reduce and prevent overweight and obesity in Lomé schoolchildren. In addition, preventive approaches in the social environment of children should be considered.

scholarly journals Eating habits and practice of physical activity among eutrophic and overweight adolescents

2012 ◽  
Vol 05 (01) ◽  
pp. 022-027
Author(s):  
Mariana Vilela Vieira ◽  
Ieda Regina Lopes Del Ciampo ◽  
Luiz Antonio Del Ciampo
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Public Schools ◽  
Body Fat ◽  
Eating Habits ◽  
Overweight And Obesity ◽  
Calorie Intake ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Fisher Exact Test ◽  
Overweight Group ◽  
Overweight Adolescents

ABSTRACTOBJECTIVES: To assess the eating habits and physical activity of adolescents enrolled in two public schools in the city of Ribeirão Preto (SP). METHODS: A case-control study was conducted to analyze the eating habits and practice of physical activity of a group of overweight adolescents and of a eutrophic control group matched for sex and age. The International Physical Activity Questionnaire (IPAQ short version) and a semi-quantitative food frequency questionnaire were applied and a 3-day food record was obtained. The nutritive value of the foods consumed was calculated with the Virtual Nutri® software. Body fat was estimated using the equations of Slaughter et al. Data were analyzed statistically by ANOVA and by the Fisher exact test. RESULTS: Fifty-one (44.7%) overweight and 63 (55.2%) eutrophic adolescents were studied. Mean BMI was 29.5 for the overweight group and 21.0 for the eutrophic group, and percent body fat was 49.4 and 29.1, respectively (p<0.01-ANOVA). The daily calorie intake of the eutrophic adolescents consisted of 56.7% carbohydrates, 15.4% proteins and 27.9% lipids and the intake of the overweight group was 52.7%, 17.1% and 30.2%, respectively. In the eutrophic group, 28.6% were considered to be very active and 60.3% active and in the overweight group these values were 23.5% and 70.6%, respectively.CONCLUSIONS: Information about the eating and physical activity habits of adolescents is of fundamental importance for subsidizing individual and community actions. Although adolescents report apparently adequate physical activity and calorie consumption, health professional should be aware of the high rates of overweight and obesity detected in this age range.

scholarly journals Health benefits of physical activity with special reference to interaction with diet

2001 ◽  
Vol 4 (2b) ◽  
pp. 517-528 ◽  
Author(s):  
IM Vuori
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Metabolic Diseases ◽  
Biological Effects ◽  
Overweight And Obesity ◽  
Moderate Physical Activity ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
High Prevalence ◽  
Inadequate Nutrition ◽  
Dose Dependent ◽  
Reduced Risk

AbstractRegular physical activity causes numerous and substantial performance-improving And health-enhancing effects. Most of them are highly predictable, dose-dependent and generalizable to a wide range of population groups. Many of the biological effects of regular, moderate physical activity translate into substantially reduced risk of coronary heart disease, cerebrovascular disease, hypertension, maturity onset diabetes, overweight and obesity, and osteoporosis. These effects also substantially reduce the risk of deterioration of functional capacity. In the genesis of these conditions, alack of physical activity and inadequate nutrition act synergistically and in part additively, and they operate largely through the same pathways. It is conceivable to suggest that the prevalence of, e.g, the above mentioned metabolic diseases is so high in Europe largely because of the high prevalence of sedentariness and inadequate nutrition. Thus, both physical activity and nutrition have to be given strong emphasis in policies, strategies and programmes that will be developed and implemented for improving the health of Europeans.

Association study of candidate genes with obesity and metabolic traits in antipsychotic-treated patients with first-episode psychosis over a 2-year period

2020 ◽  
Vol 34 (5) ◽  
pp. 514-523 ◽  
Author(s):  
Patricia Gassó ◽  
Joan Albert Arnaiz ◽  
Sergi Mas ◽  
Amalia Lafuente ◽  
Miquel Bioque ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Candidate Genes ◽  
Metabolic Diseases ◽  
Hdl Cholesterol ◽  
Glycated Haemoglobin ◽  
Abdominal Circumference ◽  
First Episode ◽  
Nucleotide Polymorphisms ◽  
Metabolic Disturbances ◽  
Metabolic Traits ◽  
The Impact

Aims: Patients with a first episode of psychosis (FEP) often display different metabolic disturbances even independently of drug therapy. However, antipsychotic (AP) treatment, especially with second-generation APs, is strongly linked to weight gain, which increases patients’ risk of developing obesity and other metabolic diseases. There is an important genetic risk component that can contribute to the appearance of these disturbances. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the effect of polymorphisms in selected candidate genes on obesity and other anthropometric and metabolic traits in 320 AP-treated FEP patients over the course of a 2-year follow-up. Methods: These patients were recruited in the multicentre PEPs study (Phenotype−genotype and environmental interaction; Application of a predictive model in first psychotic episodes). A total of 127 validated single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in 18 candidate genes were included in the genetic analysis. Results: After Bonferroni correction, SNPs in ADRA2A, FTO, CNR1, DRD2, DRD3, LEPR and BDNF were associated with obesity, abdominal circumference, triglycerides, HDL cholesterol, and/or percentage of glycated haemoglobin. Conclusions: Although our results should be interpreted as exploratory, they support previous evidence of the impact of these candidate genes on obesity and metabolic status. Further research is required to gain a better knowledge of the genetic variants that can be considered relevant metabolic risk factors. The ability to identify FEP patients at higher risk for these metabolic disturbances would enable clinicians to better select and control their AP treatment.

scholarly journals Levels of physical activity and screen time usage - Preliminary analysis from the Irish National Children's Food Consumption Survey II

2020 ◽  
Vol 79 (OCE2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Aisling O'Donnell ◽  
Maria Buffini ◽  
Laura Kehoe ◽  
Aoibhín Moore Heslin ◽  
Anne Nugent ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Food Consumption ◽  
Body Fat ◽  
Preliminary Analysis ◽  
Overweight And Obesity ◽  
World Health ◽  
Physically Active ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Food Consumption Survey ◽  
Consumption Survey

AbstractBeing physically active is associated with fundamental health benefits and assists with the maintenance of normal weight in children. The current World Health Organizations’ recommendation is for children to accumulate 60 minutes of physical activity (PA) per day to obtain such benefits. Conversely, time spent in sedentary behaviours including watching screens (ST) are positively associated with the risk of overweight and obesity in young people. The aim of this research was to estimate PA levels and ST usage of Irish children and to examine the relationship with body fat.This analysis was based on data collected from a nationally representative sample of Irish children aged 5–12-years (n = 591, 50% female) from The National Children's Food Consumption Survey II (www.iuna.net). The Child/Youth Physical Activity Questionnaires (C-PAQ/Y-PAQ) were used to measure PA and ST in 5–8 and 9–12-year-olds respectively. Both questionnaires were self-administered, recall instruments that assessed the frequency/duration of activities participated in over the previous 7-day period. The MET minutes (metabolic cost of the activity multiplied by the duration in minutes) of the PA's were calculated per child. Percentage body fat (%BF) was measured by a Tanita BC420MA device and participants were classified into categories based on their %BF, age and gender. Independent t-tests and ANOVA (post-hoc DunnettT-3) were used to assess differences between gender and %BF category.Overall, children spent 93 mins/d being physically active with 69% meeting the > 1hr recommendation. There was a significant difference in the time spent undertaking PA between boys (99 mins/d) and girls (88 mins/d) p = 0.020. Children spent 107 mins/d watching screens with 68% meeting the < 2hr guidance. Girls spent significantly less time watching screens (89 mins/d) than boys (124 mins/d) p ≤ 0.001. Children who had a normal %BF accumulated more PA MET mins/day compared to those who were classified as obese, which was significant in the total population (p = 0.007), for boys (p ≤ 0.001), but not girls (p = 0.929).This preliminary analysis indicates that a high proportion of Irish children are meeting the PA and ST recommendations, with boys being more physically active and spending more time watching screens compared to girls. However, results should be interpreted with caution as PA and ST usage were self-reported by participants. The association between PA MET minutes and %BF suggest that advice to encourage PA participation to combat excess adiposity in Irish children is justified. Future work should examine the role of other potential determinants of obesity in this cohort.

scholarly journals The Effectiveness of Supportive Psychotherapy in Weight Loss in a Group of Young Overweight and Obese Women

Nutrients ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 532
Author(s):  
Krzysztof Juchacz ◽  
Patrycja Kłos ◽  
Violetta Dziedziejko ◽  
Rafał W. Wójciak
Keyword(s):  
Weight Loss ◽  
Overweight And Obesity ◽  
Obese Women ◽  
Supportive Psychotherapy ◽  
Diet Plan ◽  
Sustained Effect ◽  
Group A ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Loss Effect

Overweight and obesity are among the most widespread health problems worldwide. The primary cause of obesity is an inability to control overeating. Therefore, today, obesity needs to be treated more as an eating disorder, i.e., a mental disorder, and thus, it should be approached as such. Taking the above together, this study aimed to assess the impact of supportive psychotherapy on reducing body weight in young overweight and obese women who attempted slimming therapy and, additionally, the possibility of maintaining the weight-loss effect in the long term. Sixty young women aged 20–30 were randomized into three groups that differed in therapeutic management. With the help of an individually selected diet plan, the highest effectiveness in weight loss was demonstrated in people whose weight reduction was supported by goal-oriented psychotherapy. In this group, a sustained effect of slimming and even further weight loss were observed six months following the discontinuation of the therapy. In conclusion, traditional slimming therapies using an individual diet plan and a dietitian’s care are effective; however, supportive psychotherapeutic work provides more beneficial results and maintains the change from a long-term perspective.

Bicycling but not Walking Is Independently Associated With Fasting Insulin in Abdominally Obese Women

2011 ◽  
Vol 8 (6) ◽  
pp. 820-823 ◽  
Author(s):  
Erik Hemmingsson ◽  
Ulf Ekelund ◽  
Joanna Udden
Keyword(s):  
Insulin Resistance ◽  
Body Fat ◽  
Abdominal Obesity ◽  
Serum Insulin ◽  
Whole Body ◽  
Obese Women ◽  
Fasting Serum ◽  
Insulin Levels ◽  
The Impact

Background:The impact of walking and bicycling on insulin resistance (IR) in women with abdominal obesity is unclear.Methods:Pooled analysis of data from a randomized trial on physically active commuting (bicycling + walking vs walking only) in women with abdominal obesity [n = 98; age:47.3 ± 7.6 yrs; waist circumference (WC):103.1 ± 7.8 cm]. Bicycling and walking data were collected during 7 consecutive days by trip meters (Trelock FC-410) and pedometers (Yamax digiwalker SW-200) at baseline, 2, 4, and 6 months. Owing to a skew distribution we analyzed bicycling as a binary dummy variable with a 10 km/week cut-off. Fasting serum insulin and homeostatic model assessment – insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) were assessed at baseline and 6 months, as were body mass index (BMI), WC, and dual x-ray absorptiometry (DXA)-assessed % whole-body fat.Results:Increased bicycling by 10 km/wk was associated with reductions in fasting serum insulin at follow-up independent of age, treatment allocation, baseline phenotype, Δ walking, and Δ % body fat (β = −10.9, P = .042), but not HOMA-IR (β = −2.0, P = .13). Increased walking was not associated with fasting serum insulin (P = .33) or HOMA-IR (P = .44) at follow-up, after adjustment for the same covariates and Δ bicycling.Conclusion:Increased bicycling but not walking was associated with reduced insulin levels at follow-up. Bicycling may be more effective than walking for reducing insulin levels in abdominally obese women.

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