Prevalence of ESBL producing MDR E. coli and Klebsiellae pneumonae from clinical isolates of nosocomial hospital acquired infections

Isolation and identification of post operative hospital acquired infection was carried out from July 2008 to December 2008 in Holy Family Red Crescent Medical College Hospital (private hospital). The major pathogen of wound infection was E. coli. A total; of 120 samples were collected from the surrounding environment of post operative room like floor, bed sheets, instruments, dressing materials, catheter, nasogastric and endotracheal tube. E. coli (40%) was the predominant organism followed by S. aureus (24%). DNA fingerprinting analysis using pulsed field gel electreopheresis of XbaI restriction digested genomic DNA showed that clonal relatedness between the two clinical nd environmental isolates were 100%.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjmm.v6i2.19369 Bangladesh J Med Microbiol 2012; 06(02): 7-10

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Strain Typing and the Ecological Structure of Escherichia coli

Journal of AOAC International ◽

10.1093/jaoac/93.3.974 ◽

2010 ◽

Vol 93 (3) ◽

pp. 974-984 ◽

Cited By ~ 12

Author(s):

David M Gordon

Keyword(s):

Escherichia Coli ◽

Intestinal Tract ◽

Domestic Animals ◽

Seasonal Patterns ◽

Strain Typing ◽

E Coli ◽

Hospital Acquired Infections ◽

Typing Methods ◽

The Many ◽

Hospital Acquired

Abstract Escherichia coli is a commonly encountered commensal of the lower intestinal tract of humans and other mammals. Strains of the species are responsible for a significant amount of human morbidity and mortality each year. Consequently, numerous efforts attempt to track the movement of hospital-acquired infections, determine the source of a foodborne disease outbreak, or investigate the seasonal patterns of pathogen abundance in domestic animals. All of these endeavors require that the isolates acquired be differentiated from each other in some manner. This review briefly describes some of the commonly used molecular typing methods for E. coli. However, the main aim of the review is to describe the many levels, from the species to individual strains, at which E. coli can be considered, and to contend that a hierarchical approach to strain typing may often reveal patterns that are not obvious when a typing scheme is simply designed to differentiate isolates.

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Rhizospheric and endophytic Pseudomonas aeruginosa in edible vegetable plants share molecular and metabolic traits with clinical isolates

10.1101/2021.06.11.448042 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Sakthivel Ambreetha ◽

Ponnusammy Marimuthu ◽

Kalai Mathee ◽

Dananjeyan Balachandar

Keyword(s):

Pseudomonas Aeruginosa ◽

Opportunistic Pathogen ◽

Clinical Isolates ◽

Clinical Strains ◽

Hospital Acquired Infections ◽

Metabolic Traits ◽

Potential Source ◽

Salad Vegetables ◽

Hospital Acquired ◽

Indole 3 Acetic Acid

Pseudomonas aeruginosa, a leading opportunistic pathogen causing hospital-acquired infections is predominantly present in agricultural settings. There are minimal attempts to examine the molecular and functional attributes shared by agricultural and clinical strains of P. aeruginosa. This study aims to investigate the presence of P. aeruginosa in edible vegetable plants (including salad vegetables) and analyze the evolutionary and metabolic relatedness of the agricultural and clinical strains. Eighteen rhizospheric and endophytic P. aeruginosa strains were isolated from cucumber, tomato, eggplant, and chili directly from the farms. The identity of these strains was confirmed using biochemical, and molecular markers and their genetic and metabolic traits were compared with clinical isolates. DNA fingerprinting analyses and 16S rDNA-based phylogenetic tree revealed that the plant- and human-associated strains are evolutionarily related. Both agricultural and clinical isolates possessed plant-beneficial properties, including mineral solubilization (phosphorous, potassium, and zinc), ammonification, and the ability to release extracellular siderophore and indole-3 acetic acid. These findings suggest that rhizospheric and endophytic P. aeruginosa strains are genetically and functionally analogous to the clinical isolates. This study highlights the edible plants as a potential source for human and animal transmission of P. aeruginosa.

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A synthetic system that senses Candida albicans and inhibits virulence factors

10.1101/342287 ◽

2018 ◽

Author(s):

Michael Tscherner ◽

Tobias W. Giessen ◽

Laura Markey ◽

Carol A. Kumamoto ◽

Pamela A. Silver

Keyword(s):

Candida Albicans ◽

Fungal Pathogen ◽

Fungal Infections ◽

E Coli ◽

Hospital Acquired Infections ◽

Hypha Formation ◽

Factor Expression ◽

Hydroxyphenylacetic Acid ◽

Sense And Respond ◽

Hospital Acquired

AbstractDue to a limited set of antifungals available and problems in early diagnosis invasive fungal infections caused by Candida species are among the most common hospital-acquired infections with staggering mortality rates. Here, we describe an engineered system able to sense and respond to the fungal pathogen Candida albicans, the most common cause of candidemia. In doing so, we identified hydroxyphenylacetic acid (HPA) as a novel molecule secreted by C. albicans. Furthermore, we engineered E. coli to be able to sense HPA produced by C. albicans. Finally, we constructed a sense-and-respond system by coupling the C. albicans sensor to the production of an inhibitor of hypha formation thereby reducing filamentation, virulence factor expression and fungal-induced epithelial damage. This system could be used as a basis for the development of novel prophylactic approaches to prevent fungal infections.

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Polyherbal Natural Hand Sanitizer Formulation and Evaluation

Journal of University of Shanghai for Science and Technology ◽

10.51201/jusst/21/05360 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 23 (06) ◽

pp. 932-939

Author(s):

Vijaya B. Surwase ◽

Manasi M. Savale ◽

Ranjit S. Jadhav ◽

Akshaykumar B. Kadam ◽

Pradnya P. Shinde

Keyword(s):

Antibacterial Activity ◽

Hand Hygiene ◽

Herbal Extract ◽

Future Research ◽

Major Purpose ◽

E Coli ◽

Hospital Acquired Infections ◽

Hand Sanitizer ◽

Tridax Procumbens ◽

Hospital Acquired

Making a polyherbal hand sanitizer’s major purpose is to increase “hand hygiene.” In the prevention, control, and reduction of hospital-acquired infections, hand hygiene is a key principle and practice. The plants were validated using fresh Azadirachta indica and Tridax procumbens leaves. The leaves were cleaned, dried in the shade, and used for future research. Using the Soxhlate equipment and hydroalcoholic solvent extraction, several phytochemicals were extracted, and the recovered phytochemicals were qualitatively examined before being evaluated for antibacterial activity. This herbal extract blend was used to make hand sanitizer. Herbal hand sanitizer was evaluated using microorganism suspensions (Bacteria- E. coli, Staphylococcus aureus), which showed that herbal hand sanitizer is more efficient than commercial synthetic hand sanitizer in reducing the number of germs on the hands. The increased antibacterial activity and efficacy of these plant extracts can be exploited to create herbal hand sanitizers on a commercial scale. When the ingredients are mixed together, they form a hand sanitizer.

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Coinfection with Human Norovirus and Escherichia coli O25:H4 Harboring Two Chromosomal blaCTX-M-14 Genes in a Foodborne Norovirus Outbreak in Shizuoka Prefecture, Japan

Journal of Food Protection ◽

10.4315/jfp-20-042 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 83 (9) ◽

pp. 1584-1591

Author(s):

HIROMI NAGAOKA ◽

SHINICHIRO HIRAI ◽

HIROTAKA MORINUSHI ◽

SHIRO MIZUMOTO ◽

KANA SUZUKI ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Escherichia Coli ◽

Antimicrobial Resistance ◽

Resistance Genes ◽

Human Norovirus ◽

E Coli ◽

Hospital Acquired Infections ◽

Antimicrobial Resistance Genes ◽

Hospital Acquired ◽

Healthy Persons ◽

M 14

ABSTRACT Hospital-acquired infections caused by extended-spectrum β-lactamase (ESBL)–producing Escherichia coli are a global problem. Healthy people can carry ESBL-producing E. coli in the intestines; thus, E. coli from healthy people can potentially cause hospital-acquired infections. Therefore, the transmission routes of ESBL-producing E. coli from healthy persons should be determined. A foodborne outbreak of human norovirus (HuNoV) GII occurred at a restaurant in Shizuoka, Japan, in 2018. E. coli O25:H4 was isolated from some of the HuNoV-infected customers. Pulsed-field gel electrophoresis showed that these E. coli O25:H4 strains originated from one clone. Because the only epidemiological link among the customers was eating food from this restaurant, the customers were concurrently infected with E. coli O25:H4 and HuNoV GII via the restaurant food. Whole genome analysis revealed that the E. coli O25:H4 strains possessed genes for regulating intracellular iron and expressing the flagellum and flagella. Extraintestinal pathogenic E. coli often express these genes on the chromosome. Additionally, the E. coli O25:H4 strains had plasmids harboring nine antimicrobial resistance genes. These strains harbored ESBL-encoding blaCTX-M-14 genes on two loci of the chromosome and had higher ESBL activity. Multilocus sequence typing and fimH subtyping revealed that the E. coli O25:H4 strains from the outbreak belonged to the subclonal group, ST131-fimH30R, which has been driving ESBL epidemics in Japan. Because the E. coli O25:H4 strains isolated in the outbreak belonged to a subclonal group spreading in Japan, foods contaminated with ESBL-producing E. coli might contribute to spreading these strains among healthy persons. The isolated E. coli O25:H4 strains produced ESBL and contained plasmids with multiple antimicrobial resistance genes, which may make it difficult to select antimicrobials for treating extraintestinal infections caused by these strains. HIGHLIGHTS

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INVESTIGATION OF THE ANTIBIOTIC RESISTANCE: THE CASE OF BUU DIEN GENERAL HOSPITAL IN HO CHI MINH CITY

International Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences ◽

10.22159/ijpps.2019v11i7.32913 ◽

2019 ◽

pp. 116-119

Author(s):

Tran-Thi Ngoc-Van ◽

Tran Quang-Thinh ◽

Cu Thanh-Tuyen ◽

Hoang-Thy Nhac-Vu

Keyword(s):

Antibiotic Resistance ◽

General Hospital ◽

Susceptibility Testing ◽

Antibiotic Use ◽

Polymyxin B ◽

Ho Chi Minh City ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

E Coli ◽

Hospital Acquired Infections ◽

Hospital Acquired

Objective: In Vietnam, antibiotic resistance has been gained the attention of medical professionals in antibiotic use management. This study aimed to investigate the antibiotic resistance among hospital-acquired infections at Buu Dien General Hospital in Ho Chi Minh City in the period of 01-12/2017. Methods: This cross-sectional descriptive study was conducted on the retrospective data of all antibiograms of bacteria isolated from hospital-acquired infections at Buu Dien General Hospital in Ho Chi Minh City in the period of 01-12/2017 to investigate the antibiotic resistance. Characteristics of antibiotic resistance were described by frequency and percentage of types of bacteria isolated and antibiotics being resistant. Results: A total of 179 isolates were collected during the period 01-12/2017, of which E. coli was the most commonly isolated pathogen (41.3%). The highest prevalent infections were in the skin and mucosa; respiratory tract; and urinary tract (34.6%; 32.4%; and 27.9%). The antibiotic susceptibility testing used 21 types of antibiotics. Among them, S. aureus was 82% resistant to clindamycin and 75% resistant to cefuroxime; the Proteus resistance percentages to amoxicillin/clavulanic, second-generation cephalosporins, ciprofloxacin and fosfomycin varied from 50 to 93%; Pseudomonas was 92% resistant to fosfomycin and 62% resistant to ceftazidime; A. baumannii was resistant to most classes of agents used (50-75%). Both E. coli and Klebsiella were highly resistant to gentamicin, amoxicillin, ciprofloxacin, 2nd and 3rd generation cephalosporin’s. Polymyxin B-resistant Proteus cultures were detected at 67%. Conclusion: The study described the antibiotic resistance situation of hospital-acquired bacteria at the Buu Dien General Hospital from 01-12/2017. This information will aid physicians to select proper antibiotics for their patients in the next period.

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388. Epidemiologic and Microbiologic Characteristics of Hospital-acquired Infections in Patients with COVID-19 at Intensive Care Unit, Mexico City

Open Forum Infectious Diseases ◽

10.1093/ofid/ofab466.589 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 8 (Supplement_1) ◽

pp. S296-S296

Author(s):

Paulo Castañeda-Méndez ◽

Maria Lorena Cabrera-Ruiz ◽

Armando Barragán-Reyes ◽

Esperanza Aleman Aguilar ◽

Brenda Aceves Sanchez ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Intensive Care Unit ◽

Intensive Care ◽

Mexico City ◽

Antimicrobial Susceptibility ◽

Severe Pneumonia ◽

Extended Spectrum Beta Lactamase ◽

E Coli ◽

Hospital Acquired Infections ◽

Hospital Acquired ◽

Stay Hospital

Abstract Background Patients with severe SARS-CoV-2 infection are at high risk of complications due to the intensive care unit stay. Hospital-acquired infections (HAI) are one of the most common complication and cause of death in this group of patients, it is important to know the epidemiology and microbiology of this hospital-acquired infections in order to begin to the patients a proper empirical treatment. We describe the epidemiologic and microbiologic characteristics of HAI in patients with COVID-19 hospitalized at intensive care unit (ICU) in a tertiary level private hospital in Mexico City. Methods From April to December 2020, data from all HAIs in patients with severe pneumonia due to SARS-CoV-2 infection with mechanical ventilation at ICU were obtained. The type of infection, microorganisms and antimicrobial susceptibility patterns were determined. Results A total of 61 episodes of HAIs were obtained, the most common was ventilator associated pneumonia (VAP) in 52.4% (n=32) followed by urinary tract infection (UTI) 34.4%(n=21) and bloodstream infection (BSI) 9.84% (n=6). Only two episodes corresponded to C. difficile associated diarrhea. We identified 82 different microorganisms, the most frequent cause of VAP was P. aeruginosa 22% (10/45) followed by K. pneumoniae 20% (9/45); for UTI, E. coli 28.5% (6/21), and S. marcescens 19% (4/21); for BSI the most frequent microorganism was S. aureus 28.5 (2/7). Regarding the antimicrobial susceptibility patters the most common were Extended Spectrum Beta-Lactamase (ESBL) Gram-negative rods followed by Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus. Conclusion In patients with severe COVID-19 hospitalized in the ICU the most frequent HAIs were VAP and UTI caused by P. aeruginosa and E. coli respectively. ESBL enterobacteriaceae was the most common resistant pattern identifed in the bacterial isolations in our series. Disclosures All Authors: No reported disclosures

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Drug resistance of pathogens causing nosocomial infection in orthopedics from 2012 to 2017: a 6-year retrospective study

10.21203/rs.2.9477/v1 ◽

2019 ◽

Author(s):

Bin Zhang ◽

Xiaowei Yang ◽

Runsheng Guo ◽

Banglin Xie ◽

Qi Lai ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Drug Resistance ◽

Retrospective Study ◽

Antimicrobial Resistance ◽

Multidrug Resistant ◽

Dynamic Monitoring ◽

Resistant Bacteria ◽

Clinical Microbiology Laboratory ◽

E Coli ◽

Hospital Acquired Infections ◽

Hospital Acquired

Abstract Abstract Background Hospital-acquired infections (HAIs) are an emerging global problem that increases in-hospital mortality, length of stay, and cost. Orthopedics departments experience a particularly high infection rate, partially due to their heavy reliance on invasive medical devices. We performed a 6-year retrospective study to provide valuable insight into appropriate antibiotic use in HAI cases. We also aimed to understand how hospitals could reduce pathogen drug resistance in a population that overuses antibiotics. Methods All data (2012–2017) were obtained from the Hospital Information Warehouse and Clinical Microbiology Laboratory. Results We isolated 1392 pathogen strains from patients admitted to the orthopedics department during 2012–2017. Escherichia coli (14.7%, 204/1392), Enterobacter cloacae (13.9%, 193/1392), and Staphylococcus aureus (11.3%, 157/1392) were the most common pathogens causing nosocomial infections. The dominant gram-negative bacterium was E. coli, with high resistance to ampicillin, levofloxacin, cotrimoxazole, gentamicin, and ciprofloxacin, in that order. E. coli was least resistant to amikacin, cefoperazone-sulbactam, meropenem, imipenem, and piperacillin-tazobactam. The most dominant gram-positive bacterium was S. aureus, highly resistant to penicillin and ampicillin, but not resistant to fluoroquinolones and cotrimoxazole. We also did not observe isolate resistance to nitrofurantoin, linezolid, and vancomycin. Analysis of risk factors related to multidrug-resistant bacteria showed that patients with open fractures were significantly more susceptible to methicillin-resistant S. aureus infections (p < 0.05). Additionally, extended-spectrum β-lactamase-producing E. coli infections occurred significantly more often in patients with degenerative diseases (p < 0.05). Elderly patients tended to be more susceptible to multidrug-resistant bacterial infections, but this outcome was not statistically significant. Conclusions Antimicrobial resistance is a serious problem in orthopedics. To effectively control antimicrobial resistance among pathogens, we advocate extensive and dynamic monitoring of MDR bacteria, coupled with careful use of antibiotics. Key words: hospital acquired infections; orthopedics; drug resistance; multidrug resistance

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Characterization of 2 Klebsiella pneumoniae carbapenemase–producing Enterobacterales isolated from canine rectal swabs

Journal of Veterinary Diagnostic Investigation ◽

10.1177/10406387211065501 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 104063872110655

Author(s):

Stephen D. Cole ◽

Shelley C. Rankin

Keyword(s):

Klebsiella Pneumoniae ◽

Companion Animals ◽

E Coli ◽

Hospital Acquired Infections ◽

Klebsiella Pneumoniae Carbapenemase ◽

Rectal Swabs ◽

Life Threatening ◽

Hospital Acquired ◽

Yorkshire Terrier

Globally, carbapenemase-producing Enterobacterales (CPE) cause life-threatening, hospital-acquired infections in people, and have been reported recently among veterinary patients. Organisms that produce a Klebsiella pneumoniae carbapenemase (KPC) are one of the most common CPE isolated from people but have been reported only rarely in animals. We characterized 2 KPC-producing Enterobacterales isolated from companion animal rectal swabs during the response to an outbreak caused by a strain of blaNDM-5 Escherichia coli. Both isolates were characterized by whole-genome sequencing (WGS) and analysis. The first isolate (case A) was from an immunosuppressed 6-y-old Yorkshire Terrier and was identified as E. coli (ST372) with a blaKPC-18 gene and an IncFII plasmid. The second isolate (case B) was from a 3-y-old Labrador Retriever with acute diarrhea and was identified as Citrobacter koseri with a blaKPC-2 gene, multiple plasmids (ColRNAI, pKPC-CAV1193), and a putative enterotoxin gene ( senB). Further research is needed to determine what role animals might play in the epidemiology of CPE in communities. It is imperative that all CPE isolated from companion animals be fully characterized by WGS and the associated case examined. All veterinary isolates should be sequenced and shared for surveillance, monitoring, and investigation purposes.

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