scholarly journals POTENSI PENURUNAN EMISI GAS RUMAH KACA PADA PENGELOLAAN KOTORAN HEWAN SAPI MELALUI PEMBERIAN PAKAN TAMBAHAN

2016 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 111
Author(s):  
Ali Pramono
Keyword(s):  
Animal Feed ◽  
Ghg Emissions ◽  
Animal Manure ◽  
Waste Biomass ◽  
Additional Information ◽  
Livestock Sector ◽  
Reduce Emissions ◽  
Ch4 And N2o ◽  
Livestock Systems

On the integration of crop-livestock systems, waste biomass is used as feed for livestock. Low feed quality may increase emissions of greenhouse gases (GHG). Therefore, to reduce emissions from livestock sector is to improve the quality of animal feed. The purpose of this study was to obtain additional information about the effect of feeding (silage, hay ammoniation and UMMB) against greenhouse gas emissions from cattle manure in crop-livestock integration system. The experiment was conducted at the experimental field of Indonesia Agricultural Environment Research Institute (IAERI/Balingtan), Pati in May-July 2014. The method used to measure the GHG emissions is close chamber method, with an interval of 10 minutes. Samples of CO2, CH4 and N2O were analyzed using gas chromatography. The results showed that treatment of conventional feeding + feed supplement could reduce GHG emissions as 19 % compared to a conventional feeding. GHG emissions from animal manure fed conventional feed of 9.13 kg/head/year, whereas with conventional feed + additional feed of 7.39 kg/head/year.

The Evaluation of the Levels of Greenhouse Gases due to Activities Carried Out on a Livestock Farm

2017 ◽  
Vol 68 (8) ◽  
pp. 1700-1702
Author(s):  
Valeriu Danciulescu ◽  
Andrei Vasile ◽  
Luoana Florentina Pascu ◽  
Bogdan Stanescu ◽  
Ileana Nicolescu
Keyword(s):  
Agricultural Sector ◽  
Ghg Emissions ◽  
Pollutant Dispersion ◽  
Ambient Air ◽  
N2o Emissions ◽  
Measured Temperature ◽  
Animal Shelters ◽  
Livestock Sector ◽  
Land Cultivation ◽  
Ch4 And N2o

The paper presents the results of tests carried out on a Romanian farm with the purpose of assessing greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions specific to agricultural activities. GHG emissions from the agricultural sector come mainly from the livestock sector, manure management, land cultivation and fertilization. The tests carried out mainly focused on the CO2 , CH4 and N2O emissions generated from related manure storage activities as well as the emission level identified in animal shelters. For a correct interpretation of the results obtained, at the same time with the measurement of the GHG concentration, the weather parameters were measured: temperature, humidity and wind direction. The results obtained revealed the presence of these compounds in the air in the animal shelters and in the ambient air (CO2 and CH4) in concentrations that are in the range identified in similar studies around the world. The pollutant dispersion in the air leads to a reduction in the pollutant concentration with increasing distance from the observed source as well as the measurement points at 50, 100 and 500 m, that reaches values below the detection limit of the instrument for CH4 and N2O, whereas in the case of CO2 it reaches the level of the usual concentration in the ambient air.

scholarly journals Community Empowerment Through Trainning Utilization About Natural Resources In The Escalation Of Natural Resources In Tumut, Boyolali

2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 88-93
Author(s):  
Mohamad Habibi ◽  
Sherlyna Dedha Astuti ◽  
Rizki Alfiyatun
Keyword(s):  
Natural Resources ◽  
Agricultural Sector ◽  
Animal Feed ◽  
Community Empowerment ◽  
Feed Processing ◽  
Fermentation Method ◽  
Livestock Sector ◽  
Feed Management ◽  
The Village

Tumut village is the highest hamlet located in Jrakah Village, Selo District, Boyolali Regency. Most of the livelihoods of the village Tumut community are farmers and ranchers. Besides having natural resources in the agricultural sector, also has potential in the livestock sector. Most of the hamlet communities own livestock. The livestock sector in village Tumut is not optimized due to the lack of public knowledge about how to raise livestock properly. In the dry season, farmers only rely on the rest of the grass for animal feed without providing adequate nutrition to livestock. Forage feed can be developed to be one way to meet the nutrition and protein of livestock by processing feed fermentation. Rice straw is one of the ingredients that can be used in the fermentation process to improve the quality of animal feed. Through training on feed management by means of fermentation, it can help improve the quality of livestock and be able to overcome community problems. The method used in this training is in the form of socialization and counseling and followed by direct practice regarding feed processing with the fermentation method to residents. The result of the value fermentation method is in the form of animal feed which has higher nutrition and can make it easier for farmers to find feed for livestock. Where the results of the feed produced can also last longer than ordinary grass feed.

scholarly journals Effects of SOP Lagoon Additive on Gaseous Emissions from Stored Liquid Dairy Manure

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (4) ◽  
pp. 1393 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carlyn B. Peterson ◽  
Hamed M. El Mashad ◽  
Yongjing Zhao ◽  
Yuee Pan ◽  
Frank M. Mitloehner
Keyword(s):  
Low Dose ◽  
Ghg Emissions ◽  
Animal Manure ◽  
Dairy Manure ◽  
High Dose ◽  
Gaseous Emissions ◽  
Manufacturer Recommendation ◽  
Control Versus ◽  
Reduce Emissions ◽  
Carbon Dioxide Co2

Animal manure is a source of greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions and other pollutants and nuisances such as ammonia and odors. There are several technologies to reduce emissions on animal farms including manure additives; however, few have been proven effective and easy to apply to dairy lagoon systems. The present research aimed at testing the ability of the commercial additive “SOP LAGOON” to reduce emissions of GHGs (i.e., carbon dioxide (CO2), methane (CH4) and nitrous oxide (N2O)), as well as ammonia (NH3) and odors from lagoon stored liquid manure. Emissions of GHGs, NH3 and odors were measured in the laboratory from barrels filled with 65 L of manure treated with SOP LAGOON or left untreated as a control. Manure was collected from a commercial dairy that is located in Solano County, California. Emissions of GHGs and NH3 were continuously measured for one week using flux chambers placed on top of the barrels and connected to a mobile air emissions laboratory. The effects of the untreated control, versus the two respective treatment additive doses of 30.8 and 61.6 g/m3 of manure were compared to each other. The low dose was selected based on the manufacturer recommendation and the high dose was selected by doubling the low dose. Results showed that SOP LAGOON applied at the high dose (61.6 g of SOP LAGOON per m3 of manure) versus the control greatly reduced (p < 0.05) emissions of CO2, CH4, N2O and NH3 by 14.7%, 22.7%, 45.4% and 45.9%, respectively. Furthermore, the high dose of SOP LAGOON treated samples versus the control samples showed less odor intensity (p < 0.05). There was no significant effect of the low dose of SOP LAGOON on the emissions of different gases. The HIGH dose of SOP LAGOON might decrease the number of methanogens and hydrolytic microorganisms and their excreted enzymes during manure storage. Further studies are needed to investigate the mechanism of emission reduction using SOP LAGOON.

scholarly journals CH4 and N2O Emissions From Cattle Excreta: A Review of Main Drivers and Mitigation Strategies in Grazing Systems

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 ◽  
Author(s):  
Julián Esteban Rivera ◽  
Julian Chará
Keyword(s):  
Food Production ◽  
Carbon Capture ◽  
Production Systems ◽  
Animal Manure ◽  
Mitigation Strategies ◽  
N2o Emissions ◽  
Enteric Methane ◽  
Grazing Systems ◽  
Reduce Emissions ◽  
Ch4 And N2o

Cattle production systems are an important source of greenhouse gases (GHG) emitted to the atmosphere. Animal manure and managed soils are the most important sources of emissions from livestock after enteric methane. It is estimated that the N2O and CH4 produced in grasslands and manure management systems can contribute up to 25% of the emissions generated at the farm level, and therefore it is important to identify strategies to reduce the fluxes of these gases, especially in grazing systems where mitigation strategies have received less attention. This review describes the main factors that affect the emission of GHG from manure in bovine systems and the main strategies for their mitigation with emphasis on grazing production systems. The emissions of N2O and CH4 are highly variable and depend on multiple factors, which makes it difficult to use strategies that mitigate both gases simultaneously. We found that strategies such as the optimization of the diet, the implementation of silvopastoral systems and other practices with the capacity to improve soil quality and cover, and the use of nitrogen fixing plants are among the practices with more potential to reduce emissions from manure and at the same time contribute to increase carbon capture and improve food production. These strategies can be implemented to reduce the emissions of both gases and, depending on the method used and the production system, the reductions can reach up to 50% of CH4 or N2O emissions from manure according to different studies. However, many research gaps should be addressed in order to obtain such reductions at a larger scale.

Cost effectiveness of abating greenhouse gases from UK livestock systems

2009 ◽  
Vol 2009 ◽  
pp. 22-22
Author(s):  
E Wall ◽  
A McVittie ◽  
V Eory ◽  
D Moran
Keyword(s):  
Cost Effectiveness ◽  
Greenhouse Gases ◽  
Ghg Emissions ◽  
Vital Role ◽  
Pasture Management ◽  
Management Options ◽  
Livestock Sector ◽  
Cost Efficient ◽  
The Uk ◽  
Livestock Systems

Mitigating, or abating, greenhouse gases (GHG) from livestock systems can play a vital role in providing solutions to the UK’s climate change obligations. The main abatement options from the livestock sector, independent of grazing/pasture management, are through the efficiencies with which ruminant animals utilise their diet and manure management. Options include breed selection, through manipulation of dietary regimes or manure storage strategies. Attempts to abate GHG emissions should first target those abatement options that are cost efficient and this study estimates the cost effectiveness of selected options for the UK livestock sector.

scholarly journals OPTIMALISASI HARA IN SITU MELALUI INTEGRASI TANAMAN DAN TERNAK

2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 62-70
Author(s):  
Harsani Haruna ◽  
Rasbawati Rasbawati
Keyword(s):  
Animal Feed ◽  
Organic Fertilizer ◽  
Animal Manure ◽  
Production Costs ◽  
Livestock Waste ◽  
Land Area ◽  
High Production ◽  
Livestock Systems ◽  
Very High

Scarcity of fertilizer is always a problem at the farm level because the level of dependence of farmers on fertilizer needs is very high. The need for fertilizer at the farmer level continues to increase over the years, this raises the problem of environmental pollution and also a decrease in soil quality. In addition, farmers' income is relatively low due to several factors, namely high production costs and low production, on the other hand, due to the limited land area. One solution to address this problem is through the integration of Crops and livestock systems. The purpose of this activity is to provide knowledge, training and assistance to farmers in maximizing the potential of agricultural livestock waste as compost in crop and livestock integration systems. The method of activity is carried out by field observations about the problems faced by farmers. The results of the activity can be concluded that partner farmers are able to utilize feces waste and animal feed into compost as a source of nutrition for plants, in a day farmers can produce 2.5 kg of compost from animal manure and feed from 2 goats so that in a year farmers can produce 912.5 kg of compost. In addition, partner farmers are also able to utilize the technology model of crop cohesiveness in maximizing the potential of land in conditions of limited land area. Previously, farmers only used one type of farming business, with this activity farmers could work on two or more types of farming in one land, so farmers could increase their income.   Keywords: Integration, organic fertilizer, fertility, economy.   ABSTRAK Kelangkaan pupuk selalu menjadi persoalan di tingkat petani karena tingkat ketergantungan petani akan kebutuhan pupuk sangatlah tinggi. Kebutuhan pupuk ditingkat petani semakin tahun teruslah meningkat, hal ini memunculkan persoalan pencemaran lingkungan dan juga penurunan kualitas tanah. Selain itu pendapatan petani relatip rendah karena beberapa faktor yakni biaya produksi tinggi dan produksi rendah disisi lain yakni karena faktor keterbatasan luas lahan. Salah  satu solusi untuk menjawab persoalan tersebut yakni melalui sistem integrasi tanaman dan ternak.  Tujuan kegiatan ini untuk memberikan pengetahuan, pelatihan dan pendampingan kepada petani dalam memaksimalkan potensi limbah pertanian peternakan sebagai kompos pada sistem integrasi tanaman dan ternak. Metode kegiatan dilakukan dengan observasi lapangan tentang permasalahan yang dihadapi oleh petani. Selanjutnya tahapan sosialisasi dan pelatihan dengan praktek langsung. Hasil Kegiatan dapat disimpulkan bahwa petani mitra mampu memanfaatkan limbah Feces dan pakan ternak menjadi kompos sebagai sumber nutrisi bagi tanaman, dalam sehari petani dapat menghasilkan kompos 2,5 kg limbah kotoran ternak dan pakan dari 2 ekor kambing sehingga dalam setahun petani dapat menghasilkan 912,5 kg kompos. Selain itu petani mitra juga mampu memanfaatkan teknologi model keterpaduan tanaman ternak dalam memaksimalkan potensi lahan dalam kondisi keterbatasan luasan lahan. Sebelumnya petani hanya memanfaatkan satu jenis usaha tani, dengan kegiatan ini petani dapat mengusahakan dua atau lebih jenis usaha tani dalam satu lahan, sehingga petani mampu meningkatkan penghasilan.   Kata Kunci: Integrasi, pupuk organik, kesuburan, ekonomi.

Convergent Beam Electron Diffraction

1978 ◽  
Vol 36 (3) ◽  
pp. 304-315
Author(s):  
G. Lehmpfuhl
Keyword(s):  
Electron Diffraction ◽  
Diffraction Pattern ◽  
Crystal Surface ◽  
Diffraction Spot ◽  
Crystal Thickness ◽  
Large Area ◽  
Electron Microscopic ◽  
Additional Information ◽  
Microscopic Investigations

Introduction In electron microscopic investigations of crystalline specimens the direct observation of the electron diffraction pattern gives additional information about the specimen. The quality of this information depends on the quality of the crystals or the crystal area contributing to the diffraction pattern. By selected area diffraction in a conventional electron microscope, specimen areas as small as 1 µ in diameter can be investigated. It is well known that crystal areas of that size which must be thin enough (in the order of 1000 Å) for electron microscopic investigations are normally somewhat distorted by bending, or they are not homogeneous. Furthermore, the crystal surface is not well defined over such a large area. These are facts which cause reduction of information in the diffraction pattern. The intensity of a diffraction spot, for example, depends on the crystal thickness. If the thickness is not uniform over the investigated area, one observes an averaged intensity, so that the intensity distribution in the diffraction pattern cannot be used for an analysis unless additional information is available.

Pengaruh Kecepatan Putar Terhadap Hasil Coran pada Metode Pengecoran Sentrifugal dalam Pembuatan Produk Pisau Pakan Ternak dengan Material Ni-Hard1

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (01) ◽  
pp. 1-7
Author(s):  
Roni Kusnowo ◽  
Kus Hanaldi
Keyword(s):  
Animal Feed ◽  
Centrifugal Casting ◽  
Impact Resistance ◽  
Literature Study ◽  
Gravity Casting ◽  
Friction Resistance ◽  
Optimal Speed ◽  
Mold Making

Animal feed knife is a tool that serves to cut and chop animal feed consisting of grass as the main ingredient with additives such as bran, herbs, centrate, cassava, tofu pulp and others. Therefore, as a cutting tool must have the properties of friction resistance, impact resistance, and have good sharpness, so that the material chosen is Ni-Hard 1. The use of centrifugal casting method was chosen because it has the advantage of being able to make castings with relatively thin thickness this is due to the influence of the centrifugal force on the distribution of metal liquids throughout the cavity in the mold. Case study in this study is the use of centrifugal casting methods as an alternative to gravity casting methods to overcome defects of misruns. This research was conducted to investigate the effect of speed on the formation of castings products. The method that was carried out began with a literature study on centrifugal casting, and continued by determining the material, the temperature of the cast is in the range 1250ºC - 1300ºC, and the type of mold. The next step is to do work drawings, pattern making, mold making, casting processes, fettling processes, and analysis. With variations in speed of 200 rpm, 300 rpm and 400 rpm, it can be seen the optimal speed for making this product. The results of this study obtained optimal speed at a speed of 300 rpm to make good quality of animal feed knife products.

scholarly journals 179 Improving Operative Notes in Upper GI Surgery: An Innovative QI Project Utilising Existing Electronic Hospital Systems

2021 ◽  
Vol 108 (Supplement_2) ◽  
Author(s):  
H Sadik ◽  
A Butt ◽  
Z Gowie ◽  
J Carew ◽  
A Mehta ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Electronic Records ◽  
Additional Information ◽  
Operative Care ◽  
Adequate Care ◽  
Hospital Systems ◽  
Operative Notes ◽  
Mean Compliance ◽  
Valuable Role ◽  
Electronic Hospital

Abstract Introduction Operative notes play a valuable role in ensuring that surgical patients receive consistent and adequate care. There are many inherent difficulties affecting their quality. We performed a QI project to improve surgical operative notes at our centre. Method A questionnaire assessing subjective quality of operative notes was sent to all foundation doctors delivering post-operative care. Compliance to each inclusion recommendation in the RCS guidelines was analysed. A standardised template for operative notes was incorporated into the hospital’s electronic records system, compliance was then reassessed. Results Questionnaire responses (16) were better for typed vs hand-written notes in all domains: ease of accessing notes, following intra-operative steps, following post-operative plans and frequency of asking for additional information regarding plans. After implementation of the template, mean compliance across 19 RCS parameters improved from 69% (55 operations) to 89% (46 operations). Number of parameters with 100% compliance improved from 2/19 to 8/19. Compliance increased in 14/19 parameters, there was no change in 2/19 (already 100%) and a reduction was seen in 3/19. Conclusions Results from our analysis and questionnaire showed that typed notes were favourable when compared to hand-written. The introduction of a standardised electronic template, without investment in new software, improved compliance to RCS guidelines.

scholarly journals Modernization of the Public Transport Bus Fleet in the Context of Low-Carbon Development in Poland

Energies ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (11) ◽  
pp. 3295
Author(s):  
Maciej Dzikuć ◽  
Rafał Miśko ◽  
Szymon Szufa
Keyword(s):  
Coal Combustion ◽  
Electricity Generation ◽  
Urban Transport ◽  
Rolling Stock ◽  
Low Carbon ◽  
The Public ◽  
Low Carbon Development ◽  
Reduce Emissions ◽  
Excessive Noise

The development of urban transport in recent years has become one of the most important issues related to improving the quality of life in Polish cities. Excessive pollution in the form of greenhouse gases and other harmful substances from buses affects people’s health as does the excessive noise. This article analysed the measures being taken to reduce emissions, and the results showed that it is possible to reduce CO2 emissions by more than 28 thousand megagrams (Mg) per annum. Policymakers in Poland should consider limiting electricity generation through coal combustion and recognize, at least temporarily, CNG/LNG-powered buses as low-carbon rolling stock and co-finance their purchase and the necessary infrastructure.

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