scholarly journals MINIMASI BIAYA DISTRIBUSI BERAS MISKIN DENGAN METODE NORTH WEST CONER PADA PERUM BULOG SUBDIVRE III SURAKARTA

2018 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
pp. 39
Author(s):  
Indiana Maharani Putri ◽  
Bebas Widada ◽  
Elistya Rimawati
Keyword(s):  
Low Income ◽  
Initial Solution ◽  
North West ◽  
The North ◽  
Calculation Results ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Distribution Cost

BULOG has a duty to distribute subsidized rice for low-income society groups, which is realized in the implementation of Raskin (Beras Miskin) program, but BULOG Subdivre III Surakarta has not thought about the cost of transporting Raskin quite a lot, because the most important is the Raskin demand from all districts / City. The purpose of this study is to apply the North West Corner (NWC) method to determine the cost of Raskin distribution in Perum BULOG Subdivre III Surakarta, in order to facilitate the user in determining the initial solution and determining the allocation of the transportation. The North West Coner (NWC) method is expected to minimize the cost of Raskin distribution. The data computed is January 2017 data with distribution fee of Rp 908,444,756. The results of NWC implementation showed the results of the manual calculations significantly, NWC program, and software QM for Windows 3 is the same that is Rp 903.088.837. The calculation results prove the reduction of the cost of Rp 5.355.919 or 0.58% if applying the NWC Method. The North West Corner method can be the initial solution to minimize the cost of Raskin distribution in Perum BULOG Subdivre III Surakarta. Keywords: Minimization, North West Corner, Distribution Cost, Raskin, BULOG

scholarly journals BETA THALASSEMIA MAJOR IN A DEVELOPING COUNTRY: EPIDEMIOLOGICAL, CLINICAL AND EVOLUTIONARY ASPECT

2013 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. e2013002 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohamed Bejaoui ◽  
Naouel Guirat
Keyword(s):  
Low Income ◽  
Ferritin Level ◽  
Thalassemia Major ◽  
Small Towns ◽  
Infectious Complications ◽  
Beta Thalassemia ◽  
North West ◽  
Beta Thalassemia Major ◽  
The North ◽  
Mediterranean Countries

Beta-thalassemia major (TM) remains to be one of the major health problems particularly in developing countries. Tunisia is a part of the Mediterranean countries mostly affected by this disease which is highly concentrated in small towns in families with low-income earners. The main objectives of this study are to provide a description of the demographic, clinical features and transfusion-related complications in patients with TM living in Tunisia. A standardized questionnaire was sent to clinicians throughout 33 different medical institutions caring for thalassemic patients. 391 transfusion dependant thalassemic patients with a median age of 10.7 years (range 3 months- 31 years) were included in the study.The majority were originated from the north west of the country .A moderate overload between 1501 and 2500ng/ml was found in 61patients, while 81 patients (26.9%) had ferritin level more than 2500 ng/ml and greater than 5000ng/ml in 21 patients (6.9%). 51 patients died from complications related to their disease. Heart failure was the main cause of death. The incidence of cardiac, endocrine, and infectious complications will be reviewed. Preventive measures such as health education, carrier screening and premarital screening remain the best ways for lowering the incidence of these diseases, which might be reflected in financial saving, social benefits and health benefits.

THE ROLE OF AMPLITUDE VERSUS OFFSET TECHNOLOGY IN PROMOTING OFFSHORE PETROLEUM EXPLORATION IN AUSTRALIA

2007 ◽  
Vol 47 (1) ◽  
pp. 163 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. E. Williamson ◽  
F. Kroh
Keyword(s):  
Petroleum Exploration ◽  
Gas Field ◽  
North West ◽  
Preliminary Results ◽  
Exmouth Plateau ◽  
The North ◽  
Amplitude Versus Offset ◽  
Cable Lines ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Amplitude Versus

Amplitude versus offset (AVO) technology has proved itself useful in petroleum exploration in various parts of the world, particularly for gas exploration. To determine if modern AVO compliant processing could identify potential anomalies for exploration of open acreage offshore Australia, Geoscience Australia reprocessed parts of four publicly available long cable lines. These lines cover two 2006 acreage release areas on the Exmouth Plateau and in the Browse Basin on the North West Shelf. An earlier study has also been done on two publicly available long cable lines from Geoscience Australia’s Bremer Basin study and cover areas from the 2005 frontier acreage release on the southern margin. The preliminary results from these three reprocessing efforts produced AVO anomalies and were made publicly available to assist companies interested in assessing the acreage. The results of the studies and associated data are available from Geoscience Australia at the cost of transfer.The AVO data from the Exmouth Plateau show AVO anomalies including one that appears to be at the Jurassic level of the reservoir in the Jansz/Io supergiant gas field in adjacent acreage to the north. The AVO data from the Caswell Sub-basin of the Browse Basin show an AVO anomaly at or near the stratigraphic zone of the Brecknock South–1 gas discovery to the north. The geological settings of strata possibly relating to two AVO anomalies in the undrilled Bremer Basin are in the Early Cretaceous section, where lacustrine sandstones are known to occur. The AVO anomalies from the three studies are kilometres in length along the seismic lines.These preliminary results from Geoscience Australiaand other AVO work that has been carried out by industry show promise that AVO compliant processing has value—particularly for gas exploration offshore Australia—and that publicly available long-cable data can be suitable for AVO analysis.

PETROLEUM EXPLORATION PREVIEW FOR 1967

1967 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 16
Author(s):  
M. A. Condon
Keyword(s):  
Financial Incentives ◽  
Petroleum Exploration ◽  
North West ◽  
The North ◽  
Oil Markets ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Timor Sea ◽  
The Government ◽  
Average Size ◽  
The Cost

Exploration for petroleum in Australia paused in 1966 and this pause is likely to continue in 1967.The number of wells drilled and seismic activity will both be slightly less in 1967 than in 1966, but the work will generally be directed to more specific targets. The cost of exploration will be somewhat higher than in 1966.During the year off-shore drilling should increase and it is expected that five mobile rigs will be drilling in the offshore areas by the end of the year. The immediate structural targets available for these rigs are in the Gippsland, Bass and Otway Basins (Victoria-Tasmania), the North-West Shelf and Timor Sea-Bonaparte Gulf, and in the Gulf of Papua.Onshore exploration will be concentrated in the western Australian basins, the Surat Basin, the central Great Artesian Basin, and the Gidgealpa region of the southwestern Great Artesian Basin.The success or otherwise of the off-shore drilling will determine the rate of exploration over the next few years. If important discoveries are made off-shore, these may and probably would result in more intensive exploration of the same stratigraphic intervals onshore.The exploration patterns of Australia and several other countries before and after first commercial discovery are compared. This indicates that Australian discovery came early, as compared with other countries, where production has developed since the war, but that post-discovery effort in Australia has been very much less. The main obvious differences appear to be that in Australia the average size of the exploration concession is very much larger and the number of operators (having regard to the areas concerned) is much smaller, than in the other successful countries.There has been a gradual movement towards reducing the size of operating areas in Australia either by obligatory relinquihment or by farmout, but if discoveries are to be made at a satisfactory rate more operators are needed in every basin.The economic environment of Australia vis-a-vis Middle East oil and oil markets is probably the main basic reason for the peculiar exploratory pattern, which has impelled the Government to provide financial incentives to encourage exploration and development.

scholarly journals PSXIV-5 Results of external use of staphylococcal toxoid for the prevention of mastitis in cows

2019 ◽  
Vol 97 (Supplement_3) ◽  
pp. 315-315
Author(s):  
Dariya Kashtanova ◽  
Valerii G Skopichev ◽  
Flura Alistratova ◽  
Polina A Polistovskaia ◽  
Nataliya A Panova ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Russian Federation ◽  
Economic Losses ◽  
Economic Damage ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Dry Period ◽  
North West ◽  
Lactating Cows ◽  
The North ◽  
The Russian Federation ◽  
The Cost

Abstract Mastitis in cows in the farms of the Russian Federation cause great economic damage. Economic losses include the cost of treating cows and the cost of recycled milk. In the farms of the North-West region of the Russian Federation mastitis occurs in 20–30% of lactating cows. An important task is to find effective ways to prevent mastitis. The task of our research included the study of the effectiveness of external use of staphylococcal toxoid. For the experiment, 2 experimental groups of dry cows of 10 animals each were formed. For the first group of cows, 5 days before the expected date of calving, an ointment containing staphylococcal toxoid and dimethyl sulfoxide was applied to the area of the milk mirror. Udder treatment was performed once a day for five days. Cows of the second group were immunized with Starvac® vaccine in accordance with the instructions, twice during the dry period. The third group of cows (n = 20) was the control. After calving, the concentration of immunoglobulins in colostrum was examined in all cows. In cows of the first group, the concentration of immunoglobulins G, M and A in colostrum was 8.59 ± 0.9; 1.1 ± 0.13 and 5.42 ± 0.9 g / l, respectively. The concentration of immunoglobulins in cows of the first group was higher, on average, by 1.3–2.0 times in comparison with cows that were given the Starvac vaccine. In comparison with the control group, the growth of all classes of immunoglobulins was determined by 2.2 - 5.2 times (P < 0.01). The results obtained showed high efficacy of external use of staphylococcal toxoid together with dimethisulfoxide.

Evaluation of Stored Maize Losses in Cameroon

1994 ◽  
Vol 30 (1) ◽  
pp. 45-55 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dermot Mchugh
Keyword(s):  
Economic Value ◽  
Consumption Patterns ◽  
Reliable Estimate ◽  
Primary Concern ◽  
North West ◽  
Storage Losses ◽  
The North ◽  
End Use ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Farmer Surveys

SummaryFarmer surveys have consistently shown maize storage losses to be of primary concern to farmers in the western highlands of Cameroon. Past attempts at evaluating these losses, however, have proved to be unsatisfactory, mainly because of failure to consider qualitative, as well as quantitative, losses or to take account of consumption patterns (that is, timing and end use). A simulation model is presented that overcomes these deficiencies while providing a reliable estimate of the economic value of storage losses to the farmer, albeit at the cost of requiring fairly exacting data. The model is used to estimate the value of storage losses to farmers in the North West Province of Cameroon.

scholarly journals Leisure centre entrance charges and physical activity participation in England

2017 ◽  
Vol 34 (3) ◽  
pp. 379-388
Author(s):  
F Ward ◽  
E C Halliday ◽  
B Barr ◽  
J Higgerson ◽  
V Holt
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Low Income ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Free Access ◽  
Local Authorities ◽  
North West ◽  
The Public ◽  
The North ◽  
Key Factor ◽  
Leisure Facilities

Summary Reducing or eliminating the cost to the public of using leisure facilities is one tool that local authorities have available to reduce inequalities in physical activity (PA). There is limited evidence about the effect of leisure entrance charges and their impact on participation. This study aimed to ascertain how facility pricing influenced the decisions people made about how to pay and what to pay for and how, in turn, these decisions impacted on participation for different groups. A total of 83 members of the public living in 4 local authorities in the North West of England were involved in focus groups or individual interviews. The results show that cost was a key factor which influenced PA participation in low income neighbourhoods. In practise, however, the majority of service users navigated the range of prices or payment options to find one that was suitable rather than simply reporting whether leisure was affordable or not. Whilst pre-paid options (e.g. direct debit memberships) encouraged participation, entrance charges incurred each time an individual participated had a negative impact on frequency but were a convenient way of paying for occasional use or for people who were unable to afford a pre-paid option. Free access also helped people who could not afford pre-paid membership to exercise regularly as well as incentivizing non-users to try activities. The research concluded that policies that include components of free access and offer more flexible payment options are most likely to contribute to reducing inequalities in PA.

Predicting the risk to permit compliance of new sewage treatment works

1998 ◽  
Vol 38 (3) ◽  
pp. 7-14
Author(s):  
A. J. Dunn ◽  
D. A. Frodsham ◽  
R. V. Kilroy
Keyword(s):  
Sewage Treatment ◽  
Executive Management ◽  
Predictive Tool ◽  
North West ◽  
The North ◽  
Independent Variable ◽  
Complex Relationships ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Cost Of Construction ◽  
Permit Compliance

The privatised water industry in England and Wales has the requirement to construct a substantial number of new assets to meet new national and European legislation. In order to do so economically, the risk of performance of new assets has to be matched to the cost of construction. To undertake such risk management, a risk technique has been developed that allows the performance against permit compliance of new processes to be established. The technique is based on statistical analysis of data effectively creating a pure black box model to determine performance. The technique has been further developed to take into account the dependency between influent quality and process performance. The dependency factor selected is the Spearman's Rank Coefficient which is a convenient way to define complex relationships. It can be used to define many dependent variables referring to the same independent variable and as such removes the need for complex mechanistic equations. This technique has been calibrated using two years, existing data and then validated for the next 6 months data of a wastewater treatment works in the North West of England. The results of the validation illustrate the ability of the technique to be used as a predictive tool. The output from the model allows the direct comparison of different process options and permits executive management to make informed decisions about investment against risk to permit compliance.

Physico-chemical characterization of the soils of the watersheds of Boukombe in North-West Benin

2020 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 035-054
Author(s):  
Kombienou Pocoun Damè
Keyword(s):  
Low Income ◽  
Sandy Loam ◽  
Chemical Characterization ◽  
Particle Size Analysis ◽  
Low Income Countries ◽  
Size Analysis ◽  
North West ◽  
The North ◽  
Physico Chemical ◽  
Infertile Soils

This study addresses the specificities of soils in low-income countries. These infertile soils are characterized by low levels of agricultural productivity and the disappearance of long-term fallow, which is gradually giving way to shorter-term fallow and sedentary agriculture. The overall objective was to assess the physico-chemical characteristics of the soils of the Boukombe watersheds in the north-west of Atacora in Benin. Soil studies of 15 farm sites from which soils were sampled at the [0-20] cm horizon with 30 composite samples and statistical analyzes were performed. The results of particle size analysis showed predominance (68%) of a textural dimorphism with a sandy loam character and a relatively stable structure. The soils are generally acidic (pH ≤ 5), sodium in places and poor in Organic Matter (0.3%), particularly in the plateau. Mountain lands have soils richer in OM (4%), but poor in nitrogen with a content of between [0.02-0.14%], the C / N ratio at 3% lower than 12. The contents nutrients and minerals are accumulated at the bottom of slopes (2.23% carbon, 0.14% nitrogen) and at the top of slopes (14ppm of phosphorus) under Fonio. These soils remain in a fragile state, subjecting them to the process of intense erosion. The degradation, silting up and progressive acidification of soils constitute the main constraints of agricultural production, the solution of which is based on restoring their fertility by rehabilitating dikes and removing silt.

scholarly journals OPTIMALISASI MASALAH TRANSSHIPMENT DENGAN MENGGUNAKAN VOGEL APPROXIMATION METHOD PADA DISTRIBUSI PLASTIK DI PT. SENTOSA PLASTIK MEDAN

2017 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Swandi . Simanjorang ◽  
Faiz . Ahyaningsih
Keyword(s):  
Approximation Method ◽  
Distribution Method ◽  
Stepping Stone ◽  
North West ◽  
Distribution Costs ◽  
Distribution Process ◽  
Calculation Results ◽  
Itu Model ◽  
The Difference ◽  
The Cost

AbstrakPenelitian ini mengkaji hasil model transshipment dari proses pendistribusian barang di PT Sentosa Plastik Medan dengan menggunakan program WinQSB. Selain itu, model transshipment proses pendistribusian barang oleh perusahaan dibandingkan dengan model transshipment yang dihasilkan oleh program Solver.Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah metode dokumentasi, metode wawancara, dan studi pustaka. Data dalam penelitian ini diperoleh dari perusahaan. Adapun uraian dari metode-metode transshipment adalah sebagai berikut: (1) Metode untuk menyusun tabel awal antara lain Metode Sudut Barat Laut atau North West Corner Method (NWC), Metode Biaya Terkecil atau Least Cost Method, Vogell’s Aproximation Method atau VAM. (2) Model pegujian optimalitas algoritma transportasi antara lain Stepping Stone Method; dan Modified Distribution Method atau MODI. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian diperoleh bahwa selisih biaya pendistribusian untuk seluruh produk kain mori dengan menggunakan program WinQSB adalah sebesar Rp. 22.561.250,- lebih kecil dibandingkan hasil perhitungan perusahaan sebesar Rp.35.488.750,- Ini berarti terdapat selisih antara biaya pendistribusian yang menggunakan program WinQSB dengan biaya pendistribusian yang dilakukan oleh perusahaan yaitu sebesar Rp 12.927.500,-. Jadi biaya pendistribusian masih dapat diminimalkan sebesar 36,4%. Akan tetapi, sebelum melakukan tindakan lanjutan. Perusahaan juga perlu mempertimbangkan mengenai aspek dilapangan untuk meminimalkan biaya pendistribusian yang adaKata Kunci: Biaya Pendistribusian, Optimalisasi, WinQSB, dan Transshipment, Vogel Approximation Method (VAM)ABSTRACTThis study examines the results of the model transshipment of goods distribution process in PT Sentosa Plastic Medan using WinQSB program. In addition, the process of distributing goods transshipment models by the company compared to the transshipment models produced by the Solver program. The method used in this research is the method of documentation, interviews, and literature. Data in this study were obtained from the company. The description of the methods of transshipment is as follows: (1) A method for preparing the initial table among other methods Northwest Angle or North West Corner Method (NWC), or Least Least Cost Method Cost Method, Vogell's aproximation Method or VAM. (2) Model test of optimality transport algorithms include Stepping Stone Method; and Modified Distribution Method or MODI. The research showed that the difference in the cost of distribution for all products cloth using WinQSB program is Rp. 22.56125 , - lower than the calculation results of the company for Rp.35.488.750, - This means that there is a difference between the cost of distribution that uses WinQSB program at a cost of distribution conducted by the company in the amount of Rp. 12.9275 -. So the cost of distribution can still be minimized by 36.4%. However, before making any further action. Companies also need to consider the aspect of the field to minimize the cost of existing distribution. Keywords: Distribution Costs, Optimizing, WinQSB, and Transshipment, Vogel Approximation Method (VAM)

scholarly journals ROTARY REPLACEMENT OF SAW CHAINS AS A WAY TO INCREASE HARVESTER PRODUCTIVITY

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 196-203
Author(s):  
Dmitriy Savenkov ◽  
Nadezhda Savenkova ◽  
Mikhail Derbin ◽  
Aleksandr Tret'yakov
Keyword(s):  
Field Experiments ◽  
Optimal Method ◽  
North West ◽  
Arkhangelsk Region ◽  
The North ◽  
Key Points ◽  
Replacement System ◽  
The Cost

Annually in the North-West of Russia, the percentage of cutting using assorted harvesting technology is increased. As a result, the issue of increasing productivity of forestry machines is becoming increasingly important. One of the key points is the proper maintenance and operation of equipment, in particular a saw of a harvester head. However, the experiments show that the operators of logging machines do not know the rules or, often, neglect the need for proper and timely maintenance of the saw apparatus. The condition of the saw chains and the saw apparatus as a whole is directly reflected in the performance of forestry machines. One way to solve this problem may be to use the method of rotational replacement of saw chains. During the study, a series of field experiments were conducted at a logging enterprise located in the Arkhangelsk region. The aim of the experiment was to determine the most optimal method of using saw chains. It will increase the productivity of multioperational forestry machines. As a result of the study, it was found that the saw chain replacement system currently used in enterprises does not have sufficient efficiency and requires changes. In this paper, we use the method of rotational replacement of saw chains, which, based on practical and theoretical observations, increases the time of clean sawing, the volume of harvested wood on one chain and, accordingly, increases the productivity of the forestry machine. This work, in general, helps increase the efficiency of harvesters, as well as reduce the cost of consumables.

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