scholarly journals The threat from without

1987 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
pp. 251-257
Author(s):  
Lassi Saressalo
Keyword(s):  
Basic Feature ◽  
Ethnic Identification ◽  
Potential Danger ◽  
Folk Tales ◽  
The Right ◽  
Contact Partner ◽  
Cultural Features

Of greatest importance in ethnic folklore are the recognised and unrecognised elements that are used when founding identity on tradition. For the aim of ethnic identification is to note and know the cultural features that connect me with people like me and separate me from people who are not like me. Every group and each of its members thus needs an opponent, a contact partner in order to identify itself. What about the Lapps? The ethnocentric values of ethnic folklore provide a model for this generalising comparison. 'They' are a potential danger, are unknown, strange, a threat from beyond the fells. They are sufficiently common for the group's ethnic feeling. It is here that we find tradition, folk tales, describing the community's traditional enemies, describing the threat from without, engendering preconceived ideas, conflicts and even war. The Lapps have never had an empire, they have never conquered others' territory, they have never engaged in systematic warfare against other peoples. For this reason Lapp tradition lacks an offensive ethnic folklore proper with emphasis on aggression, power, violence, heroism and an acceptance of the ideology of subordinating others. On the contrary,Lapp folklore is familiar with a tradition in which strangers are always threatening the Lapps' existence, plundering their territories, burning and destroying. The Lapp has always had to fight against alien powers, to give in or to outwit the great and powerful enemy. In the Lapp tradition the staalo represents an outside threat that cannot be directly concretised. If foes are regarded as concrete enemies that may be defeated in physical combat or that can be made to look ridiculous, a staalo is more mythical, more supranormal, more vague. One basic feature of the staalo tradition is that it only appears as one party to a conflict. The stories about the Lapp who succeeds in driving away a staalo threatening the community, to outwit the stupid giant or to kill him with his own weapon come close to the myth of the beginning of time when a Lapp managed to secure his existence and defend his community against an outside threat. Without the proto-Lapp battle against evil, the community would not have had a chance to exist, the right to live in its area, as the community does nowadays.

scholarly journals Linguocultural markers of text

2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (25) ◽  
pp. 170-179
Author(s):  
Inna A. Vorontsova ◽  
◽  
Svetlana B. Barushkova ◽  
Elena E. Petrova ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
English Language ◽  
Reciprocal Altruism ◽  
Short Introduction ◽  
Social Rules ◽  
Folk Tales ◽  
Folk Tale ◽  
Christian Morality ◽  
Verb Forms ◽  
Different Levels ◽  
Cultural Features

The aim of the research is to provide a comprehensive linguocultural characteristic of a folk tale. The research is based on the material of the Irish Fairy and Folk Tales tale anthology, compiled and edited by W. B. Yeats. The research results allow for a suggestion that linguocultural markers are to be found on both ideologic-compositional and speech levels of a text. Thus, the motives of Christian morality form the basis for reciprocal altruism which is the conceptual entity of Irish folk tales. The tale structure is often linear and consists of a short introduction, the main part and the climax turning into a short sharp denouement. Irish folk tales are often a metaphor for the rite of passage. The didactic function of tales consists in demonstrating the possibilities of sin purge through their recognition and repentance. Tales also set social rules and norms. Culture-specific language units encountered in the texts of Irish folk tales belong to different levels of the English language system. The phonetic level reveals such features as metathesis, final consonant reduction, imitation of aspiration, alliteration, wordplay based on homophony, etc. They imitate a peculiar Irish accent and exert some vernacular effect. The lexical level is represented by culture-bound vocabulary including ethnographical terms, anthroponyms and geographical names, both real and invented, various kinds of borrowings from Irish Gaeilge,quotations etc. Some cultural features are exhibited in grammar and text rhythm, chiefly through the use of specific verb forms of Irish English as well as certain correlations of repetition-based rhythmic devices – polysyndeton, diacope, anaphora, epizeuxis, symploce etc. The study of linguocultural text markers gives a comprehensive idea of intra- and extralinguistic characteristics of the tale.

scholarly journals Exploring the Portrayal of Female Voice in ‘Heer Ranjha’: A Gender-Based Study

2021 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 155-168
Author(s):  
Tazanfal Tehseem ◽  
Rabia Faiz ◽  
Musarrat Azher ◽  
Zahra Bokhari
Keyword(s):  
Feminist Theory ◽  
Musical Instrument ◽  
Female Voice ◽  
Folk Tales ◽  
Folk Tale ◽  
Language Choices ◽  
Gender Based ◽  
Women And Power ◽  
Cultural Features

The present study aims at explicating the theme of love in the folk tale Heer Ranjha through the discourse stylistics perspective. To do this, Fairclough (2015) model is employed with a focus on lexical choices. The metaphors used in the dialogues portraying the theme of love have been carefully selected, and further the linguistic pattern employed has been significantly discussed to highlight the embedded theme of love as a dominant human emotion in folk tales. The study also aims at providing a richer, more complex and enlightened canvas of feminist theory highlighting the role of women and power relations between the two sexes. The data comprises on twenty passages from the translation of ‘Heer Ranjha’ by Usborne (1973) where the translator claims to have translated the epilogue at full length while the rest of the poem has been condensed without omitting anything significantly important to the theme. The study throws light on the language of the folk tale, which reflects socio-cultural features such as the patriarchic family structure of the time through the language choices. The flute, a bamboo musical instrument, is a metaphor of love in a dream-like romantic sound. Finally, this paper helps to develop a better understanding of folktales in a particular socio-cultural background.

scholarly journals Biophysics Of Brain Activity. Brain Activity In The Development Of "Creative Thinking" "Mind Map"

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (4) ◽  
pp. 1-6
Author(s):  
A. G. Ganiev, Z. Sh. Abdunazarova
Keyword(s):  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Creative Thinking ◽  
Right Hemisphere ◽  
Brain Activity ◽  
Cerebral Hemispheres ◽  
Folk Tales ◽  
Visual Mechanism ◽  
The Right ◽  
The Mind ◽  
The Brain

The article provides information about the human brain, including its energy consumption, the functional functions of its parts, the biophysics of the sensory channels of the visual mechanism. The channels of movement of information through the neural fibers of the brain, the description of "unusual" ideas that lead to new and "creative thinking", the importance of the method of "comparative learning" in the development of "imagination" and "creative thinking" were discussed. The “specialty-related” mind map of the cerebral hemispheres serves to visualize and develop the activity of the right hemisphere of the brain, which is responsible for “creative thinking”. To activate the right hemisphere of the brain, it is recommended to use emotional "mind map", Uzbek folk tales, folk sports, folklore. The "mind map" of the sensory channels encourages feedback on the functioning of the human sensory organs, the mechanism of information reception, and opportunities to increase the efficiency of this process. It serves to visualize the mechanism by which ‘imagination’ is formed.

scholarly journals Perancangan Buku Interaktif Cerita Rakyat Lombok “Monyeh”

2020 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 51-58
Author(s):  
Mirnayati Mirnayati ◽  
I Nyoman Yoga Sumadewa
Keyword(s):  
Problem Solving ◽  
New Media ◽  
Cultural Heritage ◽  
Design Thinking ◽  
Media Choice ◽  
Cultural Wealth ◽  
Folk Tales ◽  
The Public ◽  
The Right ◽  
Interactive Book

Folklore is an oral cultural heritage that needs to be preserved because folklore is part of the cultural wealth of Nusantara.  However, the lack of publications makes many folk tales still unknown to the public, especially children.  One of the folk tales that are less well known to the public is the folklore from Lombok entitled monyeh.  So it is necessary to have a publication media to introduce this folklore, one of which is through interactive books that can attract children to read, so they do not get bored while reading and are more informative.This interactive book of monyeh folk tales is designed using the design thinking method to get the right problem-solving solution in designing.  There are two media in the design, namely the primary media of interactive folklore books, monyeh and secondary media, namely x-banners and merchandise.  By designing this interactive book, it is hoped that it can become a new media choice to introduce the Lombok Monyeh folklore.

scholarly journals Akulturasi budaya Tembang Lir-ilir sebagai media dakwah Sunan Kalijaga

2021 ◽  
Vol 1 (4) ◽  
pp. 470-476
Author(s):  
Rori Amelya Rumpaka ◽  
Lutfiah Ayundasari
Keyword(s):  
Religious Values ◽  
The World ◽  
The Right ◽  
Cultural Features

Islam is mostly embraced by Indonesians. The majority of Indonesians adhere to the largest religion in the world. Islam entered the archipelago through peaceful channels in accordance with the religious mission, namely rahmatan li al-'ālamīn. Which is Islam as a religion that embraces or protects all people and other things. Likewise with the culture in Indonesia. Indonesian culture has existed since time immemorial. Various cultures passed on from their ancestors to their successors. Indonesia has a variety of cultural features that need to be preserved and maintained. This is what makes Indonesian society thick with culture. Islam entering Indonesian territory is not easy. Because the majority of people still adhere to and are thick with culture. Therefore, the figures who spread the religion of Islam must know the character of Indonesian society. Using the method of acculturating existing cultures in Indonesia with Islamic religious values is the right way to spread Islam. Agama Islam dianut sebagian besar oleh masyarakat Indonesia. Mayoritas masyarakat Indonesia menganut agama yang dianut terbesar di dunia ini. Islam masuk ke wilayah Nusantara melalui jalur damai sesuai dengan misi agama yakni rahmatan li al-‘ālamīn. Yang mana Islam sebagai agama yang merangkul atau mengayomi semua umat dan hal lainnya. Begitu pula dengan kebudayaan yang ada di Indonesia. Kebudayaan Indonesia sudah ada sejak dahulu kala. Beragam kebudayaan diwariskan para leluhur kepada penerusnya. Indonesia memiliki beragam corak kebudayaan yang perlu dilestarikan dan dijaga keberadaannya. Hal tersebut yang menjadikan masyarakat Indonesia kental akan budaya. Agama Islam masuk ke wilayah Indonesia tidak mudah. Dikarenakan mayoritas masyarakat masih menganut dan kental akan budaya. Maka dari itu, para tokoh penyebar agama Islam harus mengetahui karakter masyarakat Indonesia. Menggunakan cara mengakulturasi budaya yang ada di Indonesia dengan nilai-nilai agama Islam merupakan cara yang tepat untuk penyebaran agama Islam.

Completeness of transfinite evaluation in an extension of the lambda calculus

1987 ◽  
Vol 52 (1) ◽  
pp. 243-275 ◽  
Author(s):  
Luis E. Sanchis
Keyword(s):  
Set Theory ◽  
Operational Semantics ◽  
Lambda Calculus ◽  
Basic Feature ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
The Other ◽  
General Situation ◽  
Complete Lattices ◽  
The Right ◽  
Continuous Functionals

The lambda calculus was conceived by Church, and to some extent by Curry (see [1] and [2]), as a general theory of functions, more precisely as a formalization of two basic functional concepts: application and abstraction. This claim to universality was impossible to maintain, for it soon became apparent that functions in the calculus are required to have properties which are by no means universal. Self-application is certainly a very special feature, but more relevant from our point of view is the existence of fixed points, which is definitely a nonuniversal property of functions. This situation was not ignored, but was considered rather as a form of inconsistency very much related to the paradoxes of set theory (for example, see the discussion of the paradoxical combinator in [2]).More recently, the lambda calculus has been studied by people in computer science, and as a result the algorithmic nature of the system has been more explicitly recognized. Eventually, the right approach was taken by D. Scott (see [4] and [5]) who restricted the objects of the calculus to continuous functionals over complete lattices, which can be combined in structures where application and abstraction are properly interpreted. It soon became clear that complete lattices were not necessary, and more general structures were introduced. On the other hand the requirement of continuity was essential for the construction, and has remained a basic feature. It is one of the purposes of this paper to show that in the general situation continuity can be replaced by monotonicity.The work of Scott was extended by Wadsworth [6], who gave a precise formulation of the operational semantics, and proved the equivalence to Scott's interpretation.

The Right to Demonstrate: A Comparative Study of Israel and the United States

1976 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 348-368 ◽  
Author(s):  
Martin J. Raffel
Keyword(s):  
Freedom Of Expression ◽  
Basic Feature ◽  
The United States ◽  
Status Quo ◽  
Democratic Process ◽  
Public Interests ◽  
The Social ◽  
Social Interests ◽  
Democratic System ◽  
The Right

The right of the citizen to express his views publicly is a basic feature of the democratic system. However, the freedom of expression, and the closely related freedom of public assembly, do at times conflict with other major social interests. As a result, no society has accepted the theory that these freedoms should be absolute. The democratic process requires a balancing of these freedoms with other important values and public interests. Consequently, each state has placed various limitations on the freedom of expression and public assembly. If a government limits these freedoms too much, it may do irreparable damage to the democratic process. Likewise, the fact that the freedom is enshrined in some constitutional document does not ensure that it will be given any meaningful protection. Whether or not fundamental freedoms are really preserved, is the true test of a democracy.Demonstrations have traditionally been used as a vehicle for expressing dissent. A citizen who is generally satisfied with the social and politicalstatus quowill probably not feel a need to exhibit his satisfaction publicly.

scholarly journals Dialogues of judgement and dream interpretation in folk tales

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 ◽  
pp. 117-145
Author(s):  
Péter Bálint
Keyword(s):  
Dream Interpretation ◽  
Good Sense ◽  
Folk Tales ◽  
The Law ◽  
The Right ◽  
Old Men

Some of the kings in the narrative actually follow Kantian orientation in their judgment and allow the right of necessity to enter into their thinking: they listen to others or (the good sense of) the truthful heart because of their limited or deficient knowledge. Others, delighted with their self-belief and mania for power, throw scorn on the law, on mercy, pardon, and forgiveness, and let themselves be led by anger, stupidity, complacency, stigma and desire for exclusion. In the tale narratives, they are further represented as scholars/wisemen, fortune-tellers, the ‘foresighted’, ancient old men, old women, wizards, taltoses (in the words of folklorist Ilona Nagy “mysterious people of fate”), doubles/doppelgangers, or animals with extraordinary abilities (the ability to speak human languages, or to transfigure themselves), prestigious kings from another country, ministers, advisors, witches who deceive the king (not uncommonly Gypsy women), depending on whether the intention is to link the giver of advice and the meaning of what he says to the sacred (biblical) or the profane (sometimes mythical), as it illuminates his/her existential character.

Investor-State Dispute Settlement under NAFTA Chapter 11: The Shape of Things to Come?

1998 ◽  
Vol 35 ◽  
pp. 263-290
Author(s):  
J. Anthony VanDuzer
Keyword(s):  
Free Trade Agreement ◽  
Dispute Settlement ◽  
Trade Agreement ◽  
Minimum Standards ◽  
The North ◽  
State Behaviour ◽  
Nafta Chapter 11 ◽  
To Come ◽  
The Right

SummaryRecently, there has been a proliferation of international agreements imposing minimum standards on states in respect of their treatment of foreign investors and allowing investors to initiate dispute settlement proceedings where a state violates these standards. Of greatest significance to Canada is Chapter 11 of the North American Free Trade Agreement, which provides both standards for state behaviour and the right to initiate binding arbitration. Since 1996, four cases have been brought under Chapter 11. This note describes the Chapter 11 process and suggests some of the issues that may arise as it is increasingly resorted to by investors.

What face familiarity feelings say about the lateralization of specific entities within the core system

2019 ◽  
Vol 42 ◽  
Author(s):  
Guido Gainotti
Keyword(s):  
Temporal Lobe ◽  
Memory System ◽  
Core System ◽  
The Core ◽  
Memory Traces ◽  
Specific Memory ◽  
Target Article ◽  
Temporal Structures ◽  
The Right

Abstract The target article carefully describes the memory system, centered on the temporal lobe that builds specific memory traces. It does not, however, mention the laterality effects that exist within this system. This commentary briefly surveys evidence showing that clear asymmetries exist within the temporal lobe structures subserving the core system and that the right temporal structures mainly underpin face familiarity feelings.

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