scholarly journals Polysaccharide Peptide: A promising Anti Inflammation and Anti Oxidant in Atherosclerosis

2015 ◽  
pp. 22-7
Author(s):  
Indra Prasetya ◽  
Ria Ashriyah ◽  
Ira Setyawati ◽  
Joko Hermawan ◽  
Widyo Mahargo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heart Disease ◽  
Lipid Profile ◽  
Ganoderma Lucidum ◽  
Treated Group ◽  
Control Group ◽  
High Dose ◽  
Inflammatory Processes ◽  
Anti Oxidant ◽  
And Oxidative Stress ◽  
Medium Dose

Background : Heart disease is the leading cause of death for both men and women, but heart disease is preventable and controllable. Ganoderma lucidum is widely used as traditional medicine for centuries particularly in China, Japan, and Korea. Previous study showed antioxidative activity of polysaccharide peptide (PsP) from Genoderma lucidum.Objective : This study was aimed to evaluate anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effect of polysaccharide peptide (PsP) from Ganoderma lucidum in atherosclerotic rats.Methods : The atherosclerotic rats were randomly divided into four groups (5 rats each group) : atherosclerotic model with high-fat diet, low dose PsP treated group (50 mg/kgBW), medium dose PsP treated group (150 mg/kgBW), high dose PsP treated group (300 mg/kgBW), with normal mice used as a control group. Parameters measured were the level of MDA, SOD, IL - 6 , IL - 10, hsCRP, TNF - ?, lipid profile and foam cell.Results : After PsP therapy for 5 weeks, the levels of MDA (p=0.01), hsCRP (p=0.018) in rats model of atherosclerosis decrease significantly. PsSP can reduce levels of IL - 6 (p=0.933) and increase levels of SOD (p=0.28) descriptively at PsP doses 150 mg/kgBW. While the levels of TNF-? (p=0.894) and IL-10 (p=0.98) was not affected by administration of PsP. PsP improve the lipid profile by increasing HDL (p=0.002) and lowering total cholesterol (p=0.04). The formation of foam cells (p=0.024) as a marker of atherogenesis significantly decreased by administration of PsP .Conclusion : PSP can be useful to reduce inflammatory processes and oxidative stress to prevent the process of atherogenesis.

scholarly journals Ganoderma lucidum Rhodiola compound preparation prevent d-galactose-induced immune impairment and oxidative stress in aging rat model

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Shuo Yuan ◽  
Yong Yang ◽  
Jiao Li ◽  
Xiaoyu Tan ◽  
Yuying Cao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Ganoderma Lucidum ◽  
Positive Control ◽  
Control Group ◽  
High Dose ◽  
Aging Effects ◽  
Aging Rats ◽  
Cytokine Levels ◽  
Immune Impairment ◽  
Medium Dose

Abstract Aging is an irreversible process. This research aims to study the anti-aging effects of GRCP, a compound preparation made by Ganoderma lucidum and Rhodiola rosen, in aging rats. Rats were subcutaneously injected with 400 mg/kg of d-galactose daily, and aging could be induced after 8 weeks. The aging rats were treated with GRCP. This experiment was divided into 6 groups. Rats were randomly divided into the model group, positive control group, low-dose GRCP group (25 mg/kg body weight), medium-dose GRCP group (50 mg/kg body weight), and high-dose GRCP group (100 mg/kg body weight), healthy and normal rats were used as blank controls. After the end, the results show that the use of GRCP at a dose of 100 mg/kg is the best treatment for improving aging rats. Rats gained weight, spleen and thymus indexes, and splenocyte proliferation improved, and inflammatory cytokine levels decreased. Besides, biochemical indicators show that GRCP can improve the antioxidant enzyme activity and reduce the content of lipofuscin and TGF-β in aging rats (P < 0.05). GRCP can also inhibit the activation of the MyD88/NF-κB pathway in rat hippocampus. These results seem to suggest that GRCP can be used as a potential natural supplement or functional food to prevent aging.

Efficacy, toxicity, and applicability of high-dose sequential chemotherapy as adjuvant treatment in operable breast cancer with 10 or more involved axillary nodes: five-year results.

1997 ◽  
Vol 15 (6) ◽  
pp. 2312-2321 ◽  
Author(s):  
A M Gianni ◽  
S Siena ◽  
M Bregni ◽  
M Di Nicola ◽  
S Orefice ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Breast Cancer ◽  
Standard Dose ◽  
Treated Group ◽  
Multicenter Trial ◽  
Control Group ◽  
High Dose ◽  
Axillary Nodes ◽  
Major Toxicity ◽  
Nonhematologic Toxicity

PURPOSE To assess the efficacy, toxicity, and applicability of high-dose therapy administered as adjuvant initial treatment to women with breast cancer with extensive nodal involvement. PATIENTS AND METHODS Sixty-seven patients with stage II to III breast cancer involving > or = 10 axillary nodes received a novel high-dose sequential (HDS) regimen, including the high-dose administration of three non-cross-resistant drugs (cyclophosphamide, methotrexate, and melphalan) given within the shortest interval of time as possible with hematologic and nonhematologic toxicity. RESULTS Sixty-three patients completed the program as planned, one patient died of acute toxicity, and three patients were switched to standard-dose adjuvant therapy. After a median follow-up duration of 48.5 months and a lead follow-up of 78 months, actuarial relapse-free survival for all 67 registered patients is 57% and overall survival is 70%, respectively. Comparison with a historical control group of 58 consecutive patients showed a significantly superior rate of freedom from relapse for the HDS-treated group (57% v 41%, respectively), in particular when two subgroups of patients, more homogeneous for their number of involved nodes, were compared (65% v 42%). Overall, treatment was of short duration (median, 70 days), required a median of 32 days of hospital stay, and was associated with only a few severe side effects (the most distressing being oral mucositis after melphalan therapy). CONCLUSION HDS therapy emerges as an effective and applicable regimen, whose major toxicity was occasional. Final assessment of its value in a randomized, multicenter trial is presently underway.

New approach for reproductive toxicity assessment: chromatoid bodies as a target for methylmercury and polychlorinated biphenyls in prepubertal male rats

2020 ◽  
Vol 32 (10) ◽  
pp. 914
Author(s):  
M. S. Garcia ◽  
W. A. Orcini ◽  
R. L. Peruquetti ◽  
J. E. Perobelli
Keyword(s):  
Corn Oil ◽  
Morphological Changes ◽  
Synergistic Effects ◽  
Reproductive Toxicity ◽  
Treated Group ◽  
Male Rats ◽  
Seminiferous Tubules ◽  
Control Group ◽  
High Dose ◽  
Long Term Effects

This study investigated the reproductive toxicity of methylmercury (MeHg) and Aroclor (Sigma-Aldrich), alone or in combination, following exposure of prepubertal male rats considering the chromatoid body (CB) as a potential target. The CB is an important molecular regulator of mammalian spermatogenesis, primarily during spermatid cytodifferentiation. Male Wistar rats were exposed to MeHg and/or Aroclor , according the following experimental design: control group, which was administered in corn oil (vehicle) only; MeHg-treated group, which was administered 0.5mg kg−1 day−1 MeHg; Aroclor-treated group, which was administered 1mg kg−1 day−1 Aroclor; Mix-LD, group which was administered a low-dose mixture of MeHg (0.05mg kg−1 day−1) and Aroclor (0.1mg kg−1 day−1); and Mix-HD group, which was administered a high-dose mixture of MeHg (0.5mg kg−1 day−1) and Aroclor (1.0mg kg−1 day−1). MeHg was diluted in distilled water and Aroclor was made up in corn oil (volume 1mL kg−1). Rats were administered the different treatments from PND23 to PND53 by gavage, . The morphophysiology of CBs was analysed, together with aspects of steroid hormones status and regulation, just after the last treatment on PND53. In addition, the long-term effects on sperm parameters were assessed in adult animals. MeHg exposure increased mouse VASA homologue (MVH) protein levels in seminiferous tubules, possibly affecting the epigenetic status of germ cells. Aroclor produced morphological changes to CB assembly, which may explain the observed morphological defects to the sperm flagellum and the consequent decrease in sperm motility. There were no clear additive or synergistic effects between MeHg and Aroclor when administered in combination. In conclusion, this study demonstrates that MeHg and Aroclor have independent deleterious effects on the developing testis, causing molecular and morphological changes in CBs. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study to show that CBs are targets for toxic agents.

The effects of organophosphate insecticide methidathion on lipid peroxidation and anti-oxidant enzymes in rat erythrocytes: role of vitamins E and C

2002 ◽  
Vol 21 (12) ◽  
pp. 681-685 ◽  
Author(s):  
I Altuntas ◽  
N Delibas ◽  
R Sutcu
Keyword(s):  
Lipid Peroxidation ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Single Dose ◽  
Treated Group ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Organophosphate Insecticide ◽  
Rat Erythrocytes ◽  
Vitamins E And C ◽  
Anti Oxidant ◽  
C 30

The effects of organophosphate insecticide methidathion (MD) on lipid peroxidation and anti-oxidant enzymes and the ameliorating effects of a combination of vitamins E and C against MD toxicity were evaluated in rat erythrocytes. Experimental groups were: control group, MD-treated group (MD), and MD+vitamin E+vitamin Ctreated group (MD+Vit). MD and MD+Vit groups were treated orally with a single dose of 8 mg/kg MD body weight at 0 hour. Vitamins E and C were injected at doses of 150 mg/kg body weight, i.m. and 200 mg/kg body weight, i.p., respectively, 30 min after the treatment of MD in the MD+Vit group. Blood samples were taken 24 hours after the MD administration. The level of malondialdehyde (MDA), and the activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px), and catalase (CAT) were studied in the erythrocytes. MDA level increased significantly in the MD group compared to the control group (P <0.05) and decreased significantly in the MD+Vit group compared to the MD group (P <0.05). The activities of SOD, GSH-Px, and CAT decreased in the MD group compared to the control group (P<0.05). Only GSH-Px activity increased in the MD+Vit group compared with the MD group. These results suggest that treating rats with MD increases LPO and decreases anti-oxidant enzyme activities in erythrocytes. Furthermore, single-dose treatment with a combination of vitamins E and C 30 min after the administration of MD can reduce LPO caused by MD.

Neurocognitive Outcome of Childhood ALL Survivors Using Three Different Protocols Over a Decade

Blood ◽  
2011 ◽  
Vol 118 (21) ◽  
pp. 4226-4226
Author(s):  
Mohsen Saleh Elalfy ◽  
Iman Ahmed Ragab ◽  
Enas Ahmed Azab ◽  
Shaimaa Nasr ◽  
Marwa Abdel Maguid
Keyword(s):  
Frontal Cortex ◽  
Diffusion Tensor ◽  
Treated Group ◽  
Control Group ◽  
High Dose ◽  
Cognitive Tests ◽  
Neurocognitive Dysfunction ◽  
Childhood All ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
And Control

Abstract Abstract 4226 Patients with childhood ALL achieve long-term disease-free survival, making reducing complications of therapy of major concerns. The aim of this study was to assess the prevalence and degree of neurocognitive dysfunction in survivors of childhood ALL treated with different protocols and the effect of time since end of chemotherapy. Patients and methods: A cross-sectional study including 60 ALL survivors aged 5–16 years at enrollment; 2–9 years at diagnosis, CNS1, treated through 1998–2008 and regularly followed up in childhood cancer survivors clinic;. They were compared to 20 healthy age and sex matched controls. Grade of school, scholastic achievement in the previous year were reported followed by revision of hospital records including type and risk of ALL, protocol of treatment, number, type and dose of intrathecal chemotherapy, number and doses of high dose I.V methotrexate, data of cranial radiotherapy. Three different protocols were applied to these patients according to the time of diagnosis, patients diagnosed between January 1998 to December 2000 were treated with Modified BFM 83. Those diagnosed between January 2001 to June2004 were treated with BFM 90 protocol, and those diagnosed From July 2004 to June 2008 were treated with CCG 1991 for standard risk and CCG 1961 for high risk patients.Neurocognitive functions were tested using Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children,Benton visual retention (BVR) test and Trail making test (part A and B were done. MRI Brain was performed to the patients and control group using diffusion weighed images and diffusion tensor magnetic resonance imaging (DTI). Results: Survivors treated with CCG protocol showed a significant decrease in all cognitive tests results compared to control (p<0.05). Survivors treated with BFM 90 protocol had a significant lower total IQ, verbal IQ, TMT-partA, compared to both control and survivors treated with Modified BFM 83, and a significant decrease in performance IQ, BVRT and TMT-partB compared to control only. No significant difference between results of cognitive tests in survivors treated with Modified BFM 83 and control group. Both left and right frontal cortex apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) was significantly higher in CCG(.88±.060.91±.028) treated group compared to control(.695±.0018.684±.0018), BFM 90(.79±.071.76±.048) and modified BFM 83(.76±.030.83±.023×10&minus;3mm2/s) groups (p<0.05) yet a significant decrease in FA of right frontal cortex only in CCG (.250±.039)treated group compared to control(.684±.0018), BFM 90(.450±.042) and Modified BFM 83(.41±.028) groups(p<0.05). FA of right frontal, was significantly lower in BFM 90 and Modified BFM 83 treated group compared to control group. No significant correlation was found between cognitive tests results with age at diagnosis, time since the end of therapy, total number of intrathecal injections, age at radiotherapy treatment, dose and time of radiotherapy. Cognitive tests didn’t differ between survivors treated with triple intrathecal therapy(ITTT) compared to those treated with intrathecal methotrexate, yet significant decrease in FA of right hippocampus in survivors who received ITTT compared to survivors treated with intrathecal monotherapy, Conclusion: Neurocognitive dysfunction was a common sequelae of childhood ALL treatment. It was more related to protocol of therapy rather than the duration of follow-up since end of chemotherapy. Frontal lobe FA may be a clinically useful biomarker for the assessment of neurotoxicity in post-treatment childhood ALL survivors. Disclosures: No relevant conflicts of interest to declare.

Effect of progesterone on phosphamidon-induced impairment of memory and oxidative stress in rats

2011 ◽  
Vol 30 (10) ◽  
pp. 1626-1634 ◽  
Author(s):  
Amit K Sharma ◽  
Swapan K Bhattacharya ◽  
Naresh Khanna ◽  
Ashok K Tripathi ◽  
Tarun Arora ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Cognitive Function ◽  
Organophosphorus Pesticides ◽  
Thiobarbituric Acid ◽  
Treated Group ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Protein Thiols ◽  
Acute And Chronic Exposure ◽  
The Brain ◽  
And Oxidative Stress

Progesterone (a neurosteroid) is an important modulator of the nervous system functioning. Organophosphorus pesticides like phosphamidon have been shown to adversely affect memory and induce oxidative stress on both acute and chronic exposure. The present study was therefore designed to investigate the effects of progesterone (PROG) on phosphamidon-induced modulation of cognitive function and oxidative stress in rats. Cognitive function was assessed using step-down latency (SDL) on a passive avoidance apparatus and transfer latency (TL) on an elevated plus maze. Oxidative stress was assessed by examining the levels of thiobarbituric acid reactive species (TBARS) and non-protein thiols (NP-SH) in isolated homogenized whole brain samples. The results showed a significant reduction in SDL and prolongation of TL in the phosphamidon (1.74 mg/kg/d; p.o.) treated group at weeks 6 and 8 as compared to the control group. Two weeks treatment with PROG (15 mg/kg/d; i.p.) antagonized the effect of phosphamidon on SDL as well as TL. Phosphamidon alone produced a significant increase in the brain TBARS levels and decrease in the brain NP-SH levels. Treatment with PROG (15 mg/kg/d; i.p.) attenuated the effect of phosphamidon on oxidative stress. Together, the results showed that progesterone attenuated the cognitive dysfunction and increased oxidative stress induced by phosphamidon in the brain.

scholarly journals PENGARUH PEMBERIAN TIMBAL (Pb) DOSIS KRONIS SECARA ORAL TERHADAP PENINGKATAN PENANDA KERUSAKAN ORGAN PADA MENCIT

el–Hayah ◽  
2001 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Abdul Malik Setiawan
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Blood Plasma ◽  
Toxic Substance ◽  
Lead Toxicity ◽  
Control Group ◽  
High Dose ◽  
Lead In Blood ◽  
Research Experiment ◽  
Medium Dose ◽  
In Blood Plasma

<p>Several kind of heavy metals that present in the environment are considered as toxic substance to human and animal. Lead (Pb) is one of  heavy metals that increase in use for the last decade. Lead toxicity to human had wide influence in medical aspect, from nerve problem, bone metabolics disturbance until liver and renal failure. This experiment tried to found out the effect of cronic oral lead consupmtion to lead plasma rate in mice. Design of this experiment is true research experiment to test wheater there is an effect of oral lead consumption to acumulation of   lead in blood plasma of mice. The dose devided to two kinds, medium dose (50 ppm) and high dose (100 ppm). The results show increase of lead accumulation in blood plasma of the mice compared to control group.</p> <br />

scholarly journals Manganese Inhibits Indomethacin-Induced Hepatorenal Oxidative Stress in Wistar Rats

2020 ◽  
pp. 79-90
Author(s):  
Tijani Stephanie Abiola ◽  
Olori Ogaraya David ◽  
Farombi Ebenezer Olatunde
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Treated Group ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Gamma Glutamyl Transferase ◽  
Cellular Processes ◽  
Concomitant Reduction ◽  
Liver And Kidney ◽  
Glutamyl Transferase ◽  
And Oxidative Stress

Aim: Manganese (Mn) is an essential trace element in many cellular processes. However, there is dearth of literature on its influence on indomethacin-induced hepatorenal damage. Therefore, this study was conducted to investigate the effect of manganese on indomethacin-induced hepatorenal damage in rats. Methods: Rats were divided into four groups of eight rats consisting of control group, indomethacin (IND) alone (20 mg/kg), Mn alone (10 mg/kg) and co-treated group that were treated orally for 14 consecutive days. Twenty four hours after treatment, under pentobarbital anesthesia, blood was collected and liver was excised to prepare homogenate and histology staining. Liver and kidney function tests aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), gamma glutamyl transferase (GGT), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), malate dehydrogenase (MDH), glutamine dehydrogenase (GLDH), sorbitol dehydrogenase (SDH), glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD), bilirubin (BIL), urea, creatinine, cholesterol (CHOL), triglycerides (TG), low and high density lipoprotein (LDL and HDL), electrolytes and oxidative stress superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), glutathione (GSH) and lipid peroxidation (LPO) biomarkers were assessed. Results: The results showed that indomethacin caused hepatorenal damage in rats manifested with increase in serum hepatic and renal function biomarkers. But co-administration of IND with Mn significantly (p < 0.05) decreased the level of hepatorenal biomarkers. Additionally, co-administration of IND with Mn improved the antioxidant status with concomitant reduction of LPO and restored the integrity of the liver and kidney histologically. Conclusion: The results of this study emphasize that co-administration of IND with Mn to rats alleviated IND-induced hepatorenal toxicities and oxidative stress in rats.

scholarly journals Evaluation of Anti-oxidant Enzymes, Lipid Peroxidation, Lipid Profile and Liver Function in Albino Rats Orally Administered Tartrazine

2020 ◽  
pp. 19-29
Author(s):  
Uyota Anthony Adele ◽  
Geraldine Iroh ◽  
Ojoye Ngoye Briggs ◽  
Helen Anthony Waribo ◽  
Ibioku Elekima
Keyword(s):  
Lipid Peroxidation ◽  
Liver Function ◽  
Lipid Profile ◽  
Whole Blood ◽  
Test Group ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Albino Rats ◽  
Central Vein ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Anti Oxidant

Aim: To evaluate the anti-oxidant enzymes, lipid peroxidation, lipid profile and liver function in albino rats orally administered tartrazine. Study Design: A total number of 63 female albino rats weighing approximately 0.2 kg were used for this study. The study was divided into two phases, phase 1 which lasted for the first 30 days, comprised of 35 rats, 20 rats were used as test group while 15 rats served as the control group. Phase 2 of the study was for 60 days and 28 rats were used with 16 as test group and 12 as the control. The test groups were orally administered with 7.5 mg/kg of tartrazine (ADI) daily over the specified periods while the control groups were not treated with tartrazine but given only food and water. Place and Duration of Study: The study was carried out in the Department of Medical Laboratory Science, Rivers State University, Port Harcourt, Nigeria within a period of 12 months (Feb., 2019 – Jan., 2020). Methodology: At the end of the study, 5 mls of whole blood specimens was collected by means of cardiac puncture into plain bottles. To obtain the serum, the whole blood samples were allowed to clot and later dislodged and spun at 3500 rpm for 10 minutes. The collected serum specimens were used to analyze SOD, MDA, GPX, ALT, GGT, ALP, TG, TCHOL, and HDL-C, while LDL-C was calculated using Friedwald equation. Results: The chronic treatment of rats with tartrazine azo food dye at the ADI dose caused an increase in MDA levels after 30 and 60 days test rats compared to the control, while TCHOL and HDL-C showed significant decrease after 30 and 60 days of treatment in the test group compared to the control group. In addition, ALT indicated significant increase in test group after 60 days of treatment compared to control group. ALP, GGT, TG, LDL-C, SOD and GPX showed no significant difference after 30, and 60 days of treatment at ADI doses. Histologic examination of the liver indicated hydropic dilation, degenerating hepatocyes and infiltration of central vein with parenchymal materials alongside kupffer cells. Conclusion: The results from this study revealed that orally administered tartrazine at the recommended ADI dose increased lipid peroxidation as seen in the elevated MDA levels. Hepatic derangements were also seen as revealed by increased ALT and histologic distortions as well fall in TCHOL and HDL-C lipid fractions.

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