scholarly journals Theoretical justification of the main parameters of the coulter group of the sod seeder for strip sowing

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (3) ◽  
pp. 321-331
Author(s):  
V. A. Sysuev ◽  
S. L. Demshin ◽  
D. A. Cheremisinov ◽  
M. S. Doronin
Keyword(s):  
Soil Layer ◽  
Mineral Fertilizer ◽  
Theoretical Research ◽  
Design Stage ◽  
Mineral Fertilizers ◽  
Theoretical Justification ◽  
Torsion Spring ◽  
Operating Modes ◽  
Working Bodies ◽  
Compact Design

Increasing the efficiency of direct strip sowing of grass seeds by means of seeders with active furrow openers is possible when seed and fertilizer working bodies are removed from the zone of operation of disk milling cutters. A structural and technological scheme of the coulter group of the sod seeder for strip sowing is proposed, which consists of a milling furrow opener, fertilizer and seed coulters mounted on leashes in the form of torsion spring trailers, and a rolling roller. To ensure high quality multilevel sowing of grass seeds and granules of mineral fertilizers, it is necessary at the design stage to determine the length of the fertilizer coulter sides, which prevent premature shedding of soil from the furrow walls until the mineral fertilizer granules reach the bottom of the furrow, and the minimum allowable distance between the fertilizer and seed coulters, which allows to cover the granules of mineral fertilizers with soil completely while maintaining the compact design of the coulter group. In the course of theoretical research, mathematical dependences were obtained to determine the rational parameters and operating modes of the coulter group of the proposed design, which will ensure a minimum spread of mineral fertilizer granules over the depth of incorporation and a high stability of the soil layer thickness between mineral fertilizer granules and grass seeds. Rational parameters of the coulter group of the proposed design are determined for the range of operating speeds of the sod seeder for strip sowing: angle at the apex of the shank fertilizer coulter in the horizontal plane is 15-20º, the length of the fertilizer coulter sides is 0.040-0.045 m, the width of the fertilizer coulter bell is 0.02 m, minimum permissible distance between the fertilizer and seed coulters is 0.14-0.16 м.

Substantiation the machine with a basket for the application of mineral fertilizers and other bulk materials with the upper arrangement of the feeding device

2019 ◽  
pp. 37-43
Author(s):  
Fesenko, H.
Keyword(s):  
Fat Body ◽  
Mineral Fertilizer ◽  
The Body ◽  
Mineral Fertilizers ◽  
Analytical Mechanics ◽  
Bulk Materials ◽  
The Stability ◽  
Working Bodies ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Stable Flow

Purpose. Increasing the uniformity of distribution of mineral fertilizers and other bulk materials due to the stability of their feed from the body to the spreading working bodies using the top feeder. Methods. The following methods are used to achieve this aim: the method of comparing the differences between individual groups of fertilizers, the method of analyzing the properties of a new technical system, the method of functional inventiveness, and the methods of theoretical and analytical mechanics. Results. The traction body of the conveyor of the upper feed of the body fat body machine for mineral fertilizers and other bulk materials was substantiated and the relationship between the height of its scrapers and the distance between them was established, as well as the nature of the mineral fertilizer pressure on the curvilinear wall of the body. In addition, the design of the advanced body fertilizer spreader is justified, which ensures a stable flow of fertilizers from the body due to the improvement of the top feeder. Conclusions. Because of the conducted researches, the advantages of machines equipped with top feeder are found. They create the conditions for the forced feeding mineral fertilizers and other loose materials from the container to the distribution bodies, which is a prerequisite for their evenness on the surface. With this, the imperfection of known machines with the top feeder constrains their introduction into agricultural production. On this account, a more thoroughly constructed solution of the body feeder of the top feed is substantiated, in which the conveyor provides a stable supply of fertilizers from the body with reduced energy consumption during operation. Keywords: analysis, feed, upper device, conveyor, stability, fertilizers, flow ability, body.

scholarly journals METALLURGICAL PRODUCTION SLAGS – PROMISING MATERIAL FOR TECHNOLOGICAL WASTE RECLAMATION

2019 ◽  
Vol 61 (12) ◽  
pp. 987-992
Author(s):  
I. P. Belanov ◽  
N. B. Naumova ◽  
I. S. Semina ◽  
O. A. Savenkov
Keyword(s):  
Blast Furnace ◽  
Electric Furnace ◽  
Soil Layer ◽  
Mineral Fertilizer ◽  
Toxic Waste ◽  
Plant Production ◽  
Mineral Fertilizers ◽  
Aboveground Phytomass ◽  
Perennial Plants ◽  
Fertile Soil

The article describes results of the microplot field trial to investigate potential use of metallurgical slags for fracture of capillary rim  during reclamation of toxic waste dumping areas, such as enrichment  plants  tailings,  solid  waste  dumps,  etc.,  with  minimal  possible  introduction  of  fertile  soil  layer.  Such  approach  allows  energy-effective  utilization  of  metallurgical  wastes.  Four  slags,  produced  at  EVRAZ  West  Siberian  plant  by  different  technologies  were  used:  white  nonferrous, blast-furnace, converter and electric furnace slags. These slags  were used as an inert material, underlying thin fertile soil layer in experimental microplots, where perennial plants (legume-grass mixture)  were sawn. For each slag there was check variant (no fertilizer added),  and  variants  with  potassium  humic  agents,  and  their  combination  as  mineral fertilizers. Aboveground phytomass at the end of the grow ing  season varied from 17 to128 g/m2. Converter and blast furnace slags,  which had the least phytotoxicity, appeared to be better inert materials.  Mineral  fertilizer,  introduced  itself  and  combined  with  humic  agents,  has  increased  aboveground  phytomass  2 – 4 times  as  compared  with  check  variant.  Used  separately,  humic  agent  did  not  affect  plant  production,  whereas  used  together  with  mineral  fertilizer,  it  increased  phytomass  1.6 – 1.8 times.  Thus  combined  introduction  of  mineral  fertilizer  and  humic  agents  is  recommended  to  stimulate  germination  abilit y  and  phytomass  production.  Converter  and  blast  furnace  slags  can be used as inert materials for reclamation with minimal fertile soil  layer application, whereas white non-ferrous and electric furnace slags  are not recommended for such application due to their high phytotoxicity, negatively affecting growth and development of perennial plants,  used for reclamation.

scholarly journals THEORETICAL RESEARCH OF THE INFLUENCE OF THE CUTTER ON THE PROCESS OF GRINDING VEGETABLE RESIDUES OF THICK-STEM CROPS BY PROCESSING BANDS

2020 ◽  
pp. 113-123
Author(s):  
M.M. Korchak ◽  
T.V. Dudchak ◽  
D.V. Vilchynska
Keyword(s):  
Dynamic Properties ◽  
Rotation Frequency ◽  
Energy Performance ◽  
Theoretical Research ◽  
Plant Residues ◽  
Theoretical Studies ◽  
Technological Parameters ◽  
Rotating Speed ◽  
Operating Modes ◽  
Working Bodies

Theoretical studies of the milling tillage working body, in particular, dynamic properties under conditions of periodic external load, are substantiated and the main technological parameters are substantiated, and energy performance indicators are analyzed. The following data were adopted as the initial data for theoretical studies of the milling working body: the size of the row-spacing and strips, the dimensional characteristics of the root and stem residues. Theoretical studies of the milling machine gave such justified results: the diameter of the milling drum Dfr.bar = 0.3 m, the rotation frequency of the milling drum nfr.bar = 190 ... 430 hv-1, the number of installed knives on one disk n = 4 pcs, the rotating speed Vob = 6.59 m/s. Rational parameters and operating modes are justified: milling power Nfr = 19.3 kW, torque on the milling drum shaft Mkr = 0.45 kN·m. Theoretically substantiated milling working body is implemented in the development of a combined grinder of plant residues of thick-stem crops. The investigated working body, which performs the technological process of grinding compacted plant residues of thick-stemmed crops with the proposed technology, will allow us to further substantiate in more detail the mathematical model of the combined method of processing the field clogged with plant residues and determine the structural and technological structure of the grinder. The further development of the theoretical foundations of grinding plant residues and soil, in particular milling working bodies used in combined units, has been obtained

scholarly journals Justification of the operating modes of the needle disk of a new design

2020 ◽  
Vol 1 (4) ◽  
pp. 70-75
Author(s):  
A.N. Shmidt ◽  
◽  
A.A. Kem ◽  
M.S. Chekusov ◽  
D.E. Kuz'min ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Crop Residues ◽  
Sandy Loam ◽  
Angle Of Attack ◽  
Soil Layer ◽  
Perennial Grasses ◽  
Technical Solution ◽  
Soil Cultivation ◽  
Operating Modes ◽  
Loam Soil ◽  
Working Bodies

The preservation and accumulation of productive soil moisture in areas with insufficient moisture and subject to wind erosion does not lose its relevance. Known disc needle-like working bodies of rotary harrows, intended for surface treatment on stubble backgrounds, are mainly aimed at loos-ening the upper soil layer. An incorrectly selected mode of using existing needle harrows is danger-ous by excessive spraying and drying out of the surface of fertile soil. In this regard, there was pro-posed a new technical solution for a needle disk with a changing shape of needles, which makes it possible to loosen the top layer of soil from making holes on the surface of the field. A tillage tool with needle discs consists of a hub with needles fixed on it. The disc is installed afrontal, each nee-dle is made of a variable shape, the first half made from the base of the needle is square, and the second half is pyramidal with a top at the end of the needle. The use of such needle discs with nee-dles, which more easily penetrate the soil make it possible to efficiently chop up crop residues and loosen the soil, which improves the quality of soil cultivation. The tests of the new needle disk against the background of perennial grasses made it possible to substantiate the main operating pa-rameters of the new working body. For sandy loam soil with a hardness of 14.5 kPa with an ag-rophone of perennial grasses, such as awnless rump and alfalfa, it was found that the maximum pa-rameter for moisture accumulation will be achieved at a speed of 7 km / h with an angle of attack equal to 0 °, and loosening at a speed of 9 km / h with an angle of attack of 16 °. A rational parame-ter, at which not only moisture accumulation occurs, but also high-quality soil cultivation, is achieved when the angle of attack is set to 4 ° and the speed of the unit is 7 km / h.

Influence of Distributor Parameters on the Quality of Fertilizer Scattering in the Under-foot Space

2020 ◽  
pp. 12-19
Author(s):  
Viktor Deikun ◽  
◽  
Dmytro Artemenko ◽  
Svitlana Deikun ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Traditional Approach ◽  
Theoretical Research ◽  
Normal Operation ◽  
Mineral Fertilizers ◽  
Geometrical Parameters ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Maximum Range ◽  
Working Bodies ◽  
The Given

The aim of the work is to substantiate the geometric parameters of the distributor, which are able to provide the maximum range of fertilizer particles in the subclavian space, based on the analysis of all factors affecting the material particles during their transportation to the surface of the distributor. The result of research is to achieve a uniform distribution of fertilizers on the width of the capture and, accordingly, on the area. It is known that the particles of material sent in accordance with the given trajectories in the pre-provided areas of the surface of the furrow formed by the working body, in contact with the soil are significantly redistributed and the meaning of the traditional approach to uniformity is completely lost. In addition, it is necessary to take into account that for placing fertilizers in the soil, in most cases, flat-cutting working bodies are used. For normal operation, in terms of deepening into the ground, they must be installed with a forward tilt at an angle of up to 3°. As a result, the bottom of the furrow, which they form, acquires a conical shape with a slope to the center. In this case, it becomes obvious that the material must be fed not evenly across the width of the working body, and most of it to be directed at a clearly defined distance in the direction perpendicular to its axis. The numerical value of this distance is determined by the nature of the redistribution of the granules as a result of contact with the soil. In the process of rolling the granules or particles to the center, the uniformity of distribution will be restored. In this case, it becomes obvious that the material must be fed not evenly across the width of the working body, and most of it to be directed at a clearly defined distance in the direction perpendicular to its axis. The numerical value of this distance is determined by the nature of the redistribution of the granules as a result of contact with the soil. In the process of rolling the granules or particles to the center, the uniformity of distribution will be restored. In this regard, there is a need to solve the problem of ensuring the maximum range of particles in the transverse direction using the simplest geometry of the distributor surface. In our opinion, such a surface can be a prism. In the article the results of theoretical research of process of portage and distributing of granules of mineral fertilizers are resulted after a reflection from the plane of reflection in sub paw space of trivial cutting of working organ. Geometrical parameters and corners of location of reflecting plane are grounded. The obtained dependences allow to reasonably establish geometrical parameters of the distributor which will provide the set range of flight of particles of material for working bodies of various width of capture and to reach desirable result taking into account laws of their redistribution at contact with soil.

scholarly journals INFLUENCE OF PLOUGH WORKING BODIES KEY PARAMETERS FOR THE QUALITY OF TIERED PLOWING

2017 ◽  
Vol 2 (3) ◽  
pp. 29-34
Author(s):  
Максим Ерзамаев ◽  
Maksim Erzamaev ◽  
Дмитрий Сазонов ◽  
Dmitriy Sazonov ◽  
Раиль Мустякимов ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Theoretical Research ◽  
Theoretical Justification ◽  
Lower Tier ◽  
Processing Depth ◽  
Working Bodies ◽  
Working Section ◽  
Soil Level ◽  
Graphic Determination

The purpose of the research is improvement of soil level processing quality by justification of key parameters of working bodies of the combined plow. The combined plow consisting of a frame and sections of working bodies is developed for realization of technological process of level processing of the soil with loosening of the subarable horizon. The working section supports the movements of the unit which are consistently established in the direction plow cases of the top tier with a ploughshare surface and the lower tier without ploughshare surface, containing a chisel and dump surface. For implementation of agrotechnical requirements to level processing of the soil the theoretical research on installation of depth of the course of cases of the top and lower tiers of the combined plow is conducted. The interrelation of bottom crests height of furrow from arrangement of working bodies in section and the angle of shift of the soil is investigated by chisel in the case of the lower tier. The distance between the case of the top tier and the case of the lower tier of the combined plow in the longitudinal plane for ensuring the free movement of the soil and stubble is proved. The carried-out theoretical justification and settlement and graphic determination of constructive parameters of working section cases of the combined plow are shown that their rational values are equal: width of capture of cases of the top and lower tier – 0.45 m; chisel width – 0.07 m; an interval of arrangement of working bodies on a plow – 0.45 m; distance between the case of the top tier and the case of the lower tier of the combined level plow – 0.55 m; depth of the course of the case of the top tier – 0.06- 0.18 m; the layer height which is cut out by the case of the lower tier – 0.25-0.35 m; processing depth chisel – 0.06-0.08 m.

scholarly journals THEORETICAL RESEARCH OF THE SCAFFOLDER AND SOIL INTERACTION

2017 ◽  
Vol 2 (3) ◽  
pp. 19-23
Author(s):  
Михаил Канаев ◽  
Mikhail Kanaev ◽  
Олег Карпов ◽  
Oleg Karpov ◽  
Сергей Васильев ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Humus Horizon ◽  
Physical And Mechanical Properties ◽  
Theoretical Research ◽  
Design Stage ◽  
Mineral Fertilizers ◽  
Technological Parameters ◽  
Additional Energy ◽  
Gauge Link ◽  
Humus Layer

The purpose of research is to improve the dosing of mineral fertilizers sowing unit, depending on the physico-mechanical properties of the soil. In modern technologies of precision farming with differentiated application of mineral fertilizers, data from various sensors, results of analyzes of soil samples and aerial photography are mainly used, without taking into account factor such as the depth of the humus horizon, which largely determines the soil fertility. On the basis of the Samara State Agricultural Academy, studies are underway on the effect of the depth of the humus horizon on the fertility of the soil. Several machines have been developed for differentiating mineral fertilizers with spreader and cultivator. Currently, a system of differentiated application of mineral fertilizers is being developed for sowing agricultural crops and it is planned to produce a set of equipment for a standard seeder UCS-8 Vesta. A constructive scheme of the device for determining the traction resistance is presented, which is closely related to the depth of occurrence of the humus layer. The main working element of this device is a deformer in the form of a knife, with a dihedral grinding. The article presents theoretical studies of the effect of forces acting on a deformer. Based on the results of the theoretical justification of the technological process of the proposed scheme for determining the traction resistance, the load dependencies on the strain gauge link were derived depending on the drag resistance of the deformer, which is determined by its basic design and technological parameters and the physical and mechanical properties of the soil. The obtained dependences of the traction resistance of the working organs of the tillage implement will theoretically determine the additional energy costs from the introduction of the deformer in the design stage at the design stage of the machine and outline the directions for their optimization.

scholarly journals MODELING OF THE PROCESS OF CUTTING MINERAL GROUNDS BY PASSIVE WORKING DRAWNER DURING THE CONSTRUCTION OF CLOSED DRAINAGE

2019 ◽  
Vol 45 (3) ◽  
pp. 165-174
Author(s):  
E. Z. Batmanov ◽  
T. G. Gasanov ◽  
M. R. Guseynov
Keyword(s):  
Rheological Properties ◽  
Design Stage ◽  
Narrow Slit ◽  
Operating Modes ◽  
High Speeds ◽  
Closed Drainage ◽  
Electronic Model ◽  
Mineral Soils ◽  
Working Bodies ◽  
Water Saturated

Objectives.The article describes an electronic model of the soil to study its rheological properties and study the process of cutting passive working bodies (knives) of mineral soils with trench-less method of building a closed drainage.Method.The essence of the method consists in cutting through the ground with the help of a passive working body of a narrow slit under a given slope and simultaneously laying a drainage (usually plastic) pipe with a filter on its bottom.Result.The trenchless method is characterized by the possibility of laying pipes at high speeds, the simplicity of the design of drainage machines and, most importantly, the possibility of building drainage in water-saturated and collapsing mineral soils. A big advantage is the possibility of using a drainage machine with a trenchless method in conditions of small slopes with a sufficient length of stacked drains.Conclusion.The study of the process of cutting mineral soils with narrow, deep knives on an electronic model makes it possible, at the design stage, to evaluate the effect of changes in various factors and parameters on the operating modes of the drainage machine; if necessary, make changes to the complex of works on the construction of drainage using the trenchless method with the help of the BDM-300 bed-draining machine, as well as to determine the composition and duration of the work operations of the trench-free bed-draining machine.

scholarly journals Synchronization of the operation of a solid mineral fertilizer spreader and auxiliary machines and mechanisms

2021 ◽  
pp. 15-19
Author(s):  
M.A. Gaibaryan ◽  
◽  
N.N. Novikov ◽  
V.S. Teterin ◽  
V.I. Sidorkin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Necessary Conditions ◽  
Mineral Fertilizer ◽  
Conveyor System ◽  
Fertilization Process ◽  
Operating Modes ◽  
Functional Relationships ◽  
Methodological Approaches ◽  
Working Bodies

The processes of synchronization of the operation of a solid mineral fertilizer spreader and auxiliary machines are described. The methodological approaches are determined. The methodology for calculating and substantiating the parameters and operating modes of the conveyor system for the mineral fertilizer handling is presented. The functional relationships between the parameters of the working bodies of mechanisms and machines involved in the fertilization process and the necessary conditions for their synchronous (uninterrupted) operation are discussed.

scholarly journals Determination of kinematic parameters of falling drops of standard solution of pesticides during spraying, taking into account geometric dimensions variability

2020 ◽  
Vol 58 (3) ◽  
pp. 352-363
Author(s):  
I. S. Kruk ◽  
Yu. V. Chigarev ◽  
V. Romanyuk
Keyword(s):  
Initial Conditions ◽  
Horizontal Displacement ◽  
Resistance Coefficient ◽  
Design Stage ◽  
Mineral Fertilizers ◽  
Spray Cone ◽  
Vertical Coordinate ◽  
Drop Radius ◽  
Operating Modes ◽  
Standard Solution

Expansion of range of applied pesticides and liquid mineral fertilizers necessitates continuous improvement of spray nozzle design, allowing to create a monodisperse spray and ensure high-quality application of chemical agents at low doses and minimal losses. The issue of studying the process of falling drops with varying geometric dimensions remains sore. Studies of drop movement in air environment make it possible to determine the falling speed and coordinates on the treated surface, to substantiate the design, dimensions, optimal operating modes and parameters of sprayers and devices for protecting the spray cone from direct exposure to wind, which is especially important at the design stage of sprayer for field spraying machines. The paper presents simulation of process of falling drops of pesticide standard solution in resisting environment, considering geometric dimensions variability. An equation for drop radius variability depending on the unit motion horizontal transverse variability, formula for variability of intensity of drop decrease depending on the initial conditions and state of environment are obtained. Dependence between coefficients of drop displacement along the horizontal transverse to the unit movement axis and time is obtained, expressions for variability of drop radius depending on the horizontal displacement and the equation for variability of velocity and vertical coordinate of drop movement on time are presented. The coefficient of mass transfer from the drop surface is determined depending on the resistance coefficient, initial velocity, medium density at the border of drop and plant medium subjected to treatment. The results obtained can be used in mechanical engineering for design and testing of sprayers and nozzles, design of wind protection devices for spray cones of standard solutions of pesticides in field sprayers, in simulation of process of drop movement with varying mass.

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