Development of acid-resistant winter rye Kiprez variety

The current trend of winter rye breeding for the conditions of northern agriculture is development of aluminum and acid-tolerant cultivars. Studies were carried out in the central zone of the Kirov region in 1991-2019. The complex natural provocative background was used (aluminum ion content 25.5-26.7 mg/100 g of soil at a pH of salt extract 3.6-3.8; annual epiphytotic development of pink snow mold Microdochium nivale (Fr.). Winter-resistant and adaptive cv. Kirovskaya 89 served as the initial material. A rigid natural provocative background made it possible to select the best plants (500 pieces) that were transplanted in spring to an isolated area. Subsequent negative selections, field and laboratory assessments made it possible to create the Kiprez population. During the period of 1995-2013 population reproduction was carried out on a provocative background and 5 cycles of negative selection with simultaneous study in competitive varietal testing on two soil backgrounds. The first selection cycle contributed to an increase in the yield of the new population under conditions of edaphic stress over the original cv. Kirovskaya 89 by 12.6%; the second and third by 19.5 and 29.3%, respectively. Further selection did not show a significant effect. Since 2010, the further improvement of the cv. Kiprez has been carried out using individual-family selection and paired crosses. A multi-year competitive test (2014-2019) showed the advantage of the cv. Kiprez over the standard and the initial cultivar. The average yield increase to the Kirovskaya 89 variety under conditions of slightly acidic soils (pH − 5.3-5.7; Al3+ − 5.0-6.5) was 0.50 t / ha (Kirov) and 0.75 t/ha (Falenki); in the conditions of edaphic stress − 1.91 t / ha (Falenki). A combination of aluminum- and acid tolerance of the cultivar with drought resistance was revealed. In 2014, with a moisture deficit (31% of the norm) in the grain filling and ripening phase, cv. Kiprez exceeded significantly the cv. Falenskaya 4 (standard) by 0.82 tons/ha (19.1%) in a acidic background; initial cv. Kirovskaya 89 - by 1.97 tons/ha (62.7%). Cv. Kiprez is recommended for cultivation on low-fertile soils in harsh hydrothermal conditions of northern agriculture.

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Cropping capacity of winter rye cultivated for fodder

АгроЭкоИнфо ◽

10.51419/202121101 ◽

2022 ◽

Vol 1 (49) ◽

pp. 1-1

Author(s):

Galina Konieva ◽

◽

Vitalii Ochirov ◽

Vera Ivanova ◽

Rustam Shabanov

Keyword(s):

Plant Height ◽

Dry Matter ◽

Central Zone ◽

Weather Conditions ◽

Crop Productivity ◽

Yield Potential ◽

Winter Rye ◽

Green Fodder ◽

Cultivation Technology ◽

The Republic

Realization of the yield potential depends on the biological characteristics of the variety, cultivation technology and weather conditions. The article presents the results of studies carried out in 2018-2021. on the productivity of various varieties of winter rye in dryland conditions of the central zone of the Republic of Kalmykia. The fresh yield of winter rye harvested for fodder depended on the variety. Its highest index was obtained for the Saratovskaya 4 variety and amounted to 17.7 ... 26.9 t / ha. The analysis of the productivity of winter rye harvested for green fodder showed that the studied varieties provided the yield of dry matter at the level of 5.4 ... 7.1 t / ha on average for three years. All varieties have good winter hardiness. Keywords: WINTER RYE, VARIETY, NAKED FALLOW, PLANT HEIGHT, GREEN MASS, FRESH YIELD, CROP PRODUCTIVITY, DRY MATTER

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Genetic Improvement of Post-Heading Root Morphology and Physiology Facilitating Yield Increase of japonica Inbred Rice

Agronomy ◽

10.3390/agronomy11122457 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (12) ◽

pp. 2457

Author(s):

Tianyao Meng ◽

Xi Chen ◽

Xubin Zhang ◽

Jialin Ge ◽

Guisheng Zhou ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Genetic Improvement ◽

Biomass Accumulation ◽

Grain Filling ◽

Shoot Biomass ◽

Oxidation Activity ◽

Bleeding Rate ◽

Yield Increase ◽

Genetic Process ◽

Grain Filling Period ◽

Leaf Photosynthetic Rate

Since genetic improvement greatly promoted an increased yield japonica inbred rice in east China after the 1990s, better root characteristics were certainly expected. In 2018 and 2019, nine japonica inbred rice released in the 1990s, 2000s, and 2010s were investigated to evaluate the changes in root morpho-physiology and identify root traits that contributed to the positive yield trends during the genetic process. The 2010’s rice had 8.0 and 4.3% higher grain yield than the 1990’s and the 2000’s rice, respectively (p < 0.05). Genetic yield gain was mainly attributed to the increased spikelets per panicle. Compared with the 1990’s and the 2000’s rice, the 2010’s rice had higher shoot biomass at heading and maturity (p < 0.05), as well as root biomass (p < 0.05), especially for root biomass of 15–30 cm soil depth. Leaf area index (LAI), soil-plant analysis development (SPAD) values, and leaf photosynthetic rate at middle grain-filling period (MGP) and late grain-filling period (LGP) were all increased. The 2010’s rice had consistently higher root length and volume, root oxidation activity, and root bleeding rate at MGP and LGP than the 1990’s and the 2000’s rice (p < 0.05). Positive correlations were detected between root length and volume, root oxidation activity, and root bleeding rate at MGP, LGP, and SPAD values, leaf photosynthetic rate at MGP and LGP, and higher shoot biomass accumulation after heading and grain yield (p < 0.05 or p < 0.01). The present study implied that genetic improvement optimized post-heading root morphology and physiology, which maintained shoot stay-green and facilitated biomass accumulation and yield increase in japonica inbred rice during the genetic process since the 1990s.

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The effectiveness of biological and chemical systems for protecting potatoes from harmful organisms in the central zone of the Krasnodar region

BIO Web of Conferences ◽

10.1051/bioconf/20213404017 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 34 ◽

pp. 04017

Author(s):

Svetlana Nekoval ◽

Anastasia Zakharchenko ◽

Anastasia Sadovaya ◽

Arina Churikova ◽

Irina Fedoryanskaya

Keyword(s):

Potato Tuber ◽

Central Zone ◽

Tuber Quality ◽

Normal Range ◽

Yield Increase ◽

Chemical Systems ◽

Chemical Protection ◽

Harmful Organisms ◽

Biological Protection ◽

Structural Indicators

The biological and chemical protection system’s influence on the soil mycological composition, potato plant biometric indicators, yield structural indicators, productivity, as well as the potato tuber quality has been studied. It was determined that after the biological protection system application, the genus Penicillium fungi number decreased by 4 times, the genus Aspergillus – more than 2 times, Trichoderma sp. content – 2.5 times. There was an increase in the stem number in the variant with biological protection by more than 2 times, compared with the control, and by 25%, compared with the chemical protection variant. The plant height in the two variants was 6.4-7.3 % higher than the control values. The potato tuber total number per bush in the biological protection variant increased by 40 %, and the tuber mass increased by 12.4-61.7% in comparison with other variants. The yield increase was 157.3 c/ha (50.4%) and 128.0 c/ha (39%) for the biological and chemical systems, respectively. The nitrate amount was within the normal range in all variants. The vitamin C highest content was noted in the variant with the biological protection application (9.3 mg/100 g of raw substance). The starch amount varied from 20.8% to 21.3% in all variants.

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Efficiency of forms and terms of zinc application in the winter wheat fields

Agrobìologìâ ◽

10.33245/2310-9270-2018-142-2-25-33 ◽

2018 ◽

pp. 25-33

Author(s):

A. Kryvenko ◽

S. Burykina

Keyword(s):

Winter Wheat ◽

Zinc Sulfate ◽

Foliar Application ◽

Statistical Processing ◽

Standard Technique ◽

Mineral Fertilizers ◽

Hydrothermal Conditions ◽

Yield Increase ◽

Time Treatment ◽

Zinc Application

To improve the technology of winter wheat cultivation it becomes more relevant to discuss the issue of enhancing crop microelement nutrition, which is very important when mineral fertilizers are applied at a higher rate than the one accepted in the zone. Chornozem (black) soils in general, and southern ones in particular, have a neutral or slight alkaline response, i.e. most of the microelements are slow movable and in fact are not available for the plants. The efficiency of the microelement application uppermost affected by the form they are in. Recent experiments prove that the most efficient form of microelement transportation to the plants is complex compounds of metals with organic ligands – chelates. The most common chelators are organic acids with carboxyl groups: ethylendiamintetraacetic (EDTA), diethylentryaminpentaacetic (DTPA), dihydroxybutylendiamintetraacetic (DBTA), ethylendiamindisuccinic (EDDA); phosphonic acids – oxyethylendendiphosphonic (OEDF) and nitryltrymethylenphosphonic (NTF). The research aims to study the effect of forms and ways of zinc application on the yield formation and grain quality of soft winter wheat on the southern chornozems (black soils). The experiments were carried out on southern chornozems, low-humus heavy loamy well-cultivated. The size of a sown plot is 120 m2, that of a record one is 50 m2, replication is fourfold. Fertilizers were applied in a form of ammonium nitrate, granulated superphosphate and potassium salt, and also superphosphate with zinc complexonate (0.75 %). Vegetative winter wheat fields were treated with the solutions of zinc salts with help of a manual sprayer. An experiment scheme was given when the results were presented. Black fallow was the predecessor of winter wheat, cv. Knopa. The efficiency of microelement was studied when it was applied in the form of zinc sulfate, chelate form, where oxyethylendendiphosphonic (OEDF) oxyethylendendiphosphonic (OEDF), superphosphate with zinc chelate on OEDF basis were used as ligand (0.75 %) Monitoring and analyzing were done according to the conventional methods in compliance with a standard technique. Statistical processing of the received results was done using a package of applied software Excel and Statistika, the methods of dispersive, correlative and regressive analyses. When N90P60K40, which contained superphosphate modified with zinc complexonate based on OEDF, was applied, the yield increase was 20.2 % as compared with the variant without fertilizers, including 6.4 % – due to zinc. It is advisable to apply zinc in the form of its complexonate with OEDF, the yield increase is 0.15 cwt/ha, as compared with zinc sulfate, and a share of the effect of this factor is 14.0 %. The application of zinc complexonate under pre-sowing cultivation at a rate of 2.0 kg/ha had no benefit over one-time treatment of the plants at the phase of tillering at a rate 250 g/ha, but doing this treatment at a phase of shooting resulted in a serious yield increase (0.20 t/ha at SSD 0.95 = 0.18). Foliar application with the solution of zinc complexonate (250 g/ha) increases the grain yield of winter wheat with the highest effect from a two-time treatment at tillering and shooting phases; the increase ranges from 0.20 to 0.54 t/ha. The efficiency of Zn application by 75.7-96.0% in arid conditions of the south of Ukraine is defined by hydrothermal conditions of spring vegetation, and a microelement helps winter wheat plants develop resistance to a temperature stress. A grain zinc concentration in the experimental variants ranged from 18.4 to 22.1 mg/kg (in the control it was 14.5 mg/kg). Key words: zinc, winter wheat, vegetation phases, quality, southern chornozem.

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Dissecting Bread Wheat Heterosis through the Integration of Agronomic and Physiological Traits

Biology ◽

10.3390/biology10090907 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 10 (9) ◽

pp. 907

Author(s):

Kevin Gimenez ◽

Pierre Blanc ◽

Odile Argillier ◽

Jean-Baptiste Pierre ◽

Jacques Le Le Gouis ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Vegetation Index ◽

Normalized Difference Vegetation Index ◽

Agronomic Traits ◽

Wheat Yield ◽

Grain Filling ◽

Kernel Weight ◽

Hybrid Vigor ◽

Delayed Senescence ◽

Yield Increase ◽

Wheat Hybrids

To meet the challenge of feeding almost 10 billion people by 2050, wheat yield has to double by 2050. However, over the past 20 years, yield increase has slowed down and even stagnated in the main producing countries. Following the example of maize, hybrids have been suggested as a solution to overcome yield stagnation in wheat. However, wheat heterosis is still limited and poorly understood. Gaining a better understanding of hybrid vigor holds the key to breed for better varieties. To this aim, we have developed and phenotyped for physiological and agronomic traits an incomplete factorial design consisting of 91 hybrids and their nineteen female and sixteen male parents. Monitoring the plant development with normalized difference vegetation index revealed that 89% of the hybrids including the five higher yielding hybrids had a longer grain filling phase with a delayed senescence that results in larger grain size. This average increase of 7.7% in thousand kernel weight translated to a positive mid-parent heterosis for grain yield for 86% of hybrids. In addition, hybrids displayed a positive grain protein deviation leading to a +4.7% heterosis in protein yield. These results shed light on the physiological bases underlying yield heterosis in wheat, paving new ways to breed for better wheat hybrids.

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THE EFFECT OF PRECIPITATIONS IN A VEGETATION PERIOD ON PRODUCTIVITY OF THE ZONED SPRING BARLEY VARIETIES IN THE ARID CENTRAL ZONE OF THE REPUBLIC OF KALMYKIA

Grain Economy of Russia ◽

10.31367/2079-8725-2019-65-5-14-17 ◽

2019 ◽

pp. 14-17 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

B. А. Goldvarg ◽

М. V. Boktaev ◽

Е. G. Filippov ◽

А. А. Dontsova

Keyword(s):

Soil Moisture ◽

Spring Barley ◽

Central Zone ◽

Grain Filling ◽

Vegetation Period ◽

Field Trials ◽

Limiting Factors ◽

The Republic ◽

Variety Testing

In the arid central zone of the Republic of Kalmykia, one of the limiting factors that affects spring barley productivity is the soil moisture content during a vegetation period. The paper discusses the results of a long-term research of zoned spring barley varieties of various breeding institutions in the experimental field of the KRIA named after M. B. Narmaeva, a branch of the FSBSI “PAFRC RAS” to study the effect of instability of soil moisture in a vegetation period on their productivity and especially in the period of grain filling. Field trials were carried out according to the Methods of State Variety Testing of agricultural crops and Methodology of a field trial. In the course of the studies it was found that in arid years the variety “Shchedry” formed a larger yield than that of other zoned varieties. Moreover, in the wet years of 2016 and 2017 the variety “Shchedry” productivity was inferior to the varieties “Prerii” and “Strannik” on average. It has been revealed that in conditions with uneven precipitation in different years, June precipitation has a decisive effect on spring barley productivity in the central zone of the Republic of Kalmykia.

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Ridge method of sowing crops on drained lands

Agricultural science Euro-North-East ◽

10.30766/2072-9081.2020.21.3.301-312 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 21 (3) ◽

pp. 301-312

Author(s):

Y. I. Mitrofanov ◽

O. N. Antsiferova

Keyword(s):

Photosynthetic Activity ◽

Soil Surface ◽

Winter Rye ◽

Northwestern Part ◽

Yield Increase ◽

Grain Crops ◽

Winter Triticale ◽

Closed Drainage ◽

Grain Crop ◽

Good Contact

The research was carried out in 1991-1994 and in 2012-2019 in the conditions of the Tver region. The effectiveness of two variants of ridge band-broadcast method of sowing grain crops was studied. The soils of the experimental plot were soddy-podzolic, well cultivated, light loamy and loamy sand gleyic drained by closed drainage. It has been established, that in the conditions of the northwestern part of the Non-chernozem zone on drained lands, grain crops (winter rye, winter triticale, barley, oats, spelt) should be grown on ridges 40-80 mm high using an improved ridge band-broadcast method of sowing that ensures smoothing of the soil surface, creation of a compacted bed and good contact of seeds with the soil by pressing them. By ridge band-broadcast method of grain crop sowing, an average 10.3 % increase in field germination of seeds was noted for all crops, plant survival – by 5.8 %, viability of winter rye plants during wintering – by 12.5-19.0 %, enhancing photosynthetic activity of plants, improving the structure and increasing the yield – by 0.21-1.19 t / ha. The yield increase was obtained both due to an increase in the number of productive stems by 17.8 % (on average in crops), and due to a higher grain mass in the ear (panicle) – by 10.0 %. The most significant increase in the number of productive stems during ridge sowing was observed in spelt and winter triticale (by 26.0-83.1 %), in the number of grains – in oats and winter rye (by 4.7-17.9 %), in the weight of 1000 grains – in barley, in grain mass in an ear (panicle) – in oats (17.0-24.0 %) and winter rye (8.0-10.1 %). The advantage of the ridge band-broadcast method of sowing is due to optimizing the area of plant nutrition and improving the agrophysical conditions in the seed layer of the soil.

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Use of Pre-sidedress Nitrate Test and SPAD Meter to Evaluate Nitrogen Needs of Peppers

HortScience ◽

10.21273/hortsci.30.4.863f ◽

1995 ◽

Vol 30 (4) ◽

pp. 863F-863

Author(s):

Francis X. Mangan ◽

John Howell ◽

Stephen Herbert

Keyword(s):

Cover Crop ◽

Winter Rye ◽

Soil Nitrate ◽

Hairy Vetch ◽

Vicia Villosa ◽

Yield Increase ◽

Nitrate N ◽

Current Threshold ◽

N Rates ◽

Spad Readings

Hot cherry peppers were grown after incorporation of the following three winter cover crop regimes in Summer 1994—hairy vetch (Vicia villosa) plus winter rye (Secale cereale), hairy vetch alone, and no cover crop. For each main effect there were three N rates applied to peppers in three applications over the course of the season: 0, 85, and 170 kg·ha–1. The pepper yield was significantly higher with hairy vetch plus rye than rye alone or no cover crop. There was also no significant yield increase with the addition of N fertilizer to the peppers grown with hairy vetch. Soil nitrate–N levels taken just prior to N sidedress were significantly higher in plots that had hairy vetch plus rye compared to other treatments. There was also a significant linear relationship of the soil nitrate–N levels among the three N rates. Based on the results of this study, sidedressing peppers would be recommended when soil nitrate levels are above the 25 ppm that is the current threshold for other crops. SPAD readings were taken several times during the season. There was a high correlation of SPAD readings to pepper yield very early and very late in the season. The correlation of SPAD readings to pepper yield was poorest when taken at the time of N sidedress.

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Influence of some factors on the production process of spring wheat plants

E3S Web of Conferences ◽

10.1051/e3sconf/202127301015 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 273 ◽

pp. 01015

Author(s):

Nikolai Vasetsky ◽

Alexander Paramonov ◽

Oksana Tseluyko ◽

Andrey Fedyushkin ◽

Sergey Pasko

Keyword(s):

Production Process ◽

Spring Wheat ◽

Reproductive Function ◽

Growing Season ◽

Climatic Conditions ◽

Mineral Fertilizers ◽

Hydrothermal Conditions ◽

Yield Increase ◽

Key Factor ◽

Negative Effect

The article shows that the productivity of spring wheat is determined by the total effect of a set of conditions, each of which affects the amount of products obtained. As a result of the research, it was found that the yield of spring wheat directly depends on the hydrothermal conditions of the growing season. The key factor affecting the increase in the productivity of crops when using mineral fertilizers is the amount of precipitation during the growing season. The use of mineral fertilizers can significantly increase the yield of spring wheat, reducing the negative effect of the hydrothermal conditions of the growing season. So, when N60P30K60 was introduced, the yield increase in different climatic conditions of the research years was 9, 3 … 92, 8%. It was also found that the reproductive function of durum spring wheat is characterized by the fact that the total number of caryopses of a shoot spike and their total weight are in close proportional dependence on the value of its vegetative mass. In this case, the value of the grain-straw ratio is a consequence of the proportional dependence of the reproductive elements of the shoot (acceptors) of wheat on the size of its vegetative (donors) organs.

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The effect of mercury, quintozene and thiophanate-methyl on the yield of winter rye at the Kotkaniemi experimental farm during the years 1972—1978

Agricultural and Food Science ◽

10.23986/afsci.72013 ◽

1979 ◽

Vol 51 (1) ◽

pp. 514-520

Author(s):

Juhani Uoti

Keyword(s):

Winter Rye ◽

Thiophanate Methyl ◽

Yield Increase

The spraying of the seedlings in the autumn with thiophanate-methyl gave the highest yield increase when there was snowmould present. In most cases the yield increase was obtained even in the absence of the disease. Seeddressing with this product also appeared very beneficial. The results of quintozene-spraying and mercury-seeddressing were not as good. The difficulty of finding the correct timing for quintozene-spraying limits its efficiency in practice.

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