Phenology, growth and yield are strongly influenced by heat stress in late sown mustard (Brassica spp.) varieties

2020 ◽  
Vol 52 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Md. Mahfuz Bazzaz ◽  
Akbar Hossain ◽  
Muhammad Farooq ◽  
Hesham Alharby ◽  
Atif Bamagoos ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heat Stress ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Brassica Spp

INFLUENCE OF GREENHOUSE SHADING AND DIFFERENT NUTRIENT MANAGEMENT PRACTICES ON ALLEVIATING HEAT STRESS, IMPROVING PLANT NUTRIENTS STATUS, FLOWERING GROWTH AND YIELD OF TOMATO

2020 ◽  
Vol 51 (4) ◽  
pp. 1001-1014
Author(s):  
Sulaiman & Sadiq
Keyword(s):  
Heat Stress ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Nutrient Management ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Nutrient Status ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Reproductive Growth ◽  
Positive Effects ◽  
Nutrition Programs ◽  
The Impact

The experiment was conducted in a greenhouse during 2017 and 2018 growing seasons to evaluate the impact of the shading and various nutrition programs on mitigating heat stress, reducing the use of chemical minerals, improving the reproductive growth and yield of tomato plant. Split-plot within Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) with three replications was conducted in this study. Shading factor was allocated in the main plots and the nutrition programs distributed randomly in the subplots. Results indicate that shading resulted in the decrease of daytime temperature by 5.7˚C as an average for both seasons; thus a significant increasing was found in leaf contents of macro nutrients (Nitrogen, Phosphorous, and Potassium), and micro nutrients (Iron, Zinc and Boron), except the Iron content in 2018 growing season. Furthermore, shading improved significantly the reproductive growth and tomato yield. Among the plant nutrition programs, the integrated nutrient management (INM) including the application of organic substances, bio inoculum of AMF and 50% of the recommended dose of chemical fertilizers; lead to the enhancement of nutrients content, reproductive characteristics and plant yield. Generally, combination of both shading and INM showed positive effects on plants nutrient status and persisting balance on tomato flowering growth and fruits yield.

scholarly journals Foliar silicate application improves the tolerance of celery grown under heat stress conditions

2021 ◽  
Vol 117 (3) ◽  
pp. 1
Author(s):  
Fadl Abdelhamid HASHEM ◽  
Rasha M. EL-MORSHEDY ◽  
Tarek M. YOUNIS ◽  
Mohamed A. A. ABDRABBO
Keyword(s):  
Heat Stress ◽  
Vegetative Growth ◽  
Foliar Application ◽  
Climate Change Impacts ◽  
Potassium Silicate ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Apium Graveolens ◽  
Control Treatment ◽  
F1 Hybrid ◽  
And Control

<p>Temperature rise is one of the most challenging climate change impacts that increase the intensity of heat stress. In this investigated the production of celery (<em>Apium graveolens</em> var. <em>rapaceum </em>F1 hybrid)) was tested during the late season. The experiment was carried out during the two successive summer seasons of 2019 and 2020 in Giza Governorate, Egypt. The experimental design is a split-plot, the main plots consist of three low tunnel cover treatments, and three spray treatments with three replicates in sub-main plots. Results showed that the use of white net cover gave the highest vegetative growth and yield followed by the black net. Values of plant yield were 951, 765, and 660 g/plant for white, black and without cover, respectively, in the first season. The foliar application of 3 mM of potassium silicate produced the highest vegetative growth and yield compared to the control treatment. Referring to the effect of spray foliar application of potassium silicate on yield 1.5 mM (S1), 3 mM (S2), and control were 892, 795, and 689 g/plant in the first season, respectively. The best combination that delivered the highest vegetative growth and yield was a cover low tunnel with a white net combined with S2 foliar application.</p>

scholarly journals Effects of Environmental Stresses (Heat, Salt, Waterlogging) on Grain Yield and Associated Traits of Wheat under Application of Sulfur-Coated Urea

Agronomy ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (11) ◽  
pp. 2340
Author(s):  
Adil Altaf ◽  
Xinkai Zhu ◽  
Min Zhu ◽  
Ma Quan ◽  
Sana Irshad ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Salt Stress ◽  
Heat Stress ◽  
Crop Yield ◽  
Abiotic Stresses ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Release Time ◽  
Wheat Crop ◽  
Spad Value ◽  
Coated Urea

Abiotic stresses, such as heat, salt, waterlogging, and multiple-stress environments have significantly reduced wheat production in recent decades. There is a need to use effective strategies for overcoming crop losses due to these abiotic stresses. Fertilizer-based approaches are readily available and can be managed in all farming communities. This research revealed the effects of sulfur-coated urea (SCU, 130 kg ha−1, release time of 120 days) on wheat crops under heat, salt, waterlogging, and combined-stress climatic conditions. The research was done using a completely randomized design with three replicates. The results revealed that SCU at a rate of 130 kg of N ha−1 showed a significantly (p ≤ 0.05) high SPAD value (55) in the case of waterlogging stress, while it was the lowest (31) in the case of heat stress; the control had a SPAD value of 58. Stress application significantly (p ≤ 0.05) reduced the leaf area and was the highest in control (1898 cm2), followed by salt stress (1509 cm2), waterlogging (1478 cm2), and heat stress (1298 cm2). A significantly (p ≤ 0.05) lowest crop yield was observed in the case of heat stress (3623.47 kg ha−1) among all stresses, while it was 10,270 kg ha−1 in control and was reduced up to 35% after the application of heat stress. Among all stresses, the salt stress showed the highest crop yield of 5473.16 kg ha−1. A significant correlation was observed among growth rate, spike length, yield, and physiological constraints with N content in the soil. The SCU fertilizer was the least effective against heat stress but could tolerate salt stress in wheat plants. The findings suggested the feasibility of adding SCU as an alternative to normal urea to alleviate salt stresses and improve wheat crop growth and yield traits. For heat stress tolerance, the applicability of SCU with a longer release period of ~180 days is recommended as a future prospect for study.

scholarly journals Agronomic and genetic approaches for enhancing tolerance to heat stress in rice: a review

2021 ◽  
Vol 49 (4) ◽  
pp. 12501
Author(s):  
Adnan RASHEED ◽  
Mahmoud F. SELEIMAN ◽  
Muhammad NAWAZ ◽  
Athar MAHMOOD ◽  
Muhammad RIZWAN ANWAR ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heat Stress ◽  
Adverse Effects ◽  
Heat Tolerance ◽  
Crop Production ◽  
Rice Production ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Sowing Time ◽  
Transgenic Breeding ◽  
Selection Of

Rice is an important cereal crop worldwide that serves as a dietary component for half of the world’s population. Climate change, especially global warming is a rising threat to crop production and food security. Therefore, enhancing rice growth and yield is a crucial challenge in stress-prone environments. Frequent episodes of heat stress threaten rice production all over the world. Breeders and agronomists undertake several techniques to ameliorate the adverse effects of heat stress to safeguard global rice production. The selection of suitable sowing time application of plant hormones, osmoprotectants and utilization of appropriate fertilizers and signaling molecules are essential agronomic practices to mitigate the adverse effects of heat stress on rice. Likewise, developing genotypes with improved morphological, biochemical, and genetic attributes is feasible and practical way to respond to this challenge. The creation of more genetic recombinants and the identification of traits responsible for heat tolerance could allow the selection of early-flowering cultivars with resistance to heat stress. This review details the integration of several agronomic, conventional breeding, and molecular approaches like hybridization, pure line selection, master-assisted-selection (MAS), transgenic breeding and CRRISPR/Cas9 that promise rapid and efficient development and selection of heat-tolerant rice genotypes. Such information’s could be used to determine the future research directions for rice breeders and other researchers working to improve the heat tolerance in rice.

scholarly journals Biochemical, Physiological, and Productive Response of Greenhouse Vegetables to Suboptimal Growth Environment Induced by Insect Nets

Biology ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (12) ◽  
pp. 432
Author(s):  
Luigi Formisano ◽  
Christophe El-Nakhel ◽  
Giandomenico Corrado ◽  
Stefania De Pascale ◽  
Youssef Rouphael
Keyword(s):  
Heat Stress ◽  
Agricultural Sector ◽  
Insect Pests ◽  
Growth Yield ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Pressure Drops ◽  
Growth Environment ◽  
Yield And Quality ◽  
Cultivation Techniques ◽  
The Impact

Environmental pressure poses a major challenge to the agricultural sector, which requires the development of cultivation techniques that can effectively reduce the impact of abiotic stress affecting crop yield and quality (e.g., thermal stress, wind, and hail) and of biotic factors, such as insect pests. The increased consumer interest in premium-quality vegetables requires the implementation of sustainable integrated pest management (IPM) strategies towards an ever-increasing insect pressure, also boosted by cultivation under protected structures. In this respect, insect nets represent an excellent, eco-friendly solution. This review aims to provide an integrative investigation of the effects of the insect screens in agriculture. Attention is dedicated to the impact on growth, yield, and quality of vegetables, focusing on the physiological and biochemical mechanisms of response to heat stress induced by insect screens. The performance of insect nets depends on many factors—foremost, on the screen mesh, with finer mesh being more effective as a barrier. However, finer mesh nets impose high-pressure drops and restrict airflow by reducing ventilation, which can result in a detrimental effect on crop growth and yield due to high temperatures. The predicted outcomes are wide ranging, because heat stress can impact (i) plant morpho-physiological attributes; (ii) biochemical and molecular properties through changes in the primary and secondary metabolisms; (iii) enzymatic activity, chloroplast proteins, and photosynthetic and respiratory processes; (iv) flowering and fruit settings; (v) the accumulation of reactive oxygen species (ROSs); and (vi) the biosynthesis of secondary biomolecules endowed with antioxidant capacity.

Impact of Heat Stress on Rainfed Wheat Growth and Yield Under Semi-arid, Semi-humid and Mediterranean Climates in Iran Condition

2022 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohammad Kheiri ◽  
Reza Deihimfard ◽  
Jafar Kambouzia ◽  
Saghi Movahhed Moghaddam ◽  
Sajjad Rahimi-Moghaddam ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heat Stress ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Wheat Growth ◽  
Rainfed Wheat ◽  
Semi Arid

scholarly journals Influence of Heat Stress, Variations in Soil Type, and Soil Amendment on the Growth of Three Drought–Tolerant Maize Varieties

Agronomy ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (8) ◽  
pp. 1485
Author(s):  
Uchechukwu Paschal Chukwudi ◽  
Funso Raphael Kutu ◽  
Sydney Mavengahama
Keyword(s):  
Heat Stress ◽  
Food Security ◽  
Soil Type ◽  
Soil Amendment ◽  
Biomass Yield ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Maize Growth ◽  
Dry Biomass ◽  
Maize Variety ◽  
Stress Environment

Food security in sub–Saharan Africa is threatened by the increasing incidence of heat stress. Therefore, ameliorating heat stress influence in plants is vital for sustainable crop production. A 2 × 3 × 3 × 2 factorial experiment fitted into a completely randomized design with four replications was performed. The factors were heat stress, maize variety, soil amendment, and soil type. The results showed that heat stress exerted a depressive effect on maize growth and yield attributes. It reduced the leaf chlorophyll content, leaf area, plant height, stem diameter, dry biomass yield, and harvest index by 35%, 36%, 41%, 59%, and 78%, respectively. Sandy clay loam soil provided a better maize growth condition than loamy sand soil. Organic manure soil amendment improved maize growth attributes over the mineral fertilizer in the non–heat–stress environment and ameliorated the negative impact of heat stress in the heat–stress environment. The ranking of the attributes identified leaf area, dry biomass yield, stem diameter, and plant height as the most discriminating and representative attributes. These attributes should be considered in maize development projects for heat–stress prone areas. Selection of appropriate maize variety and accompanying soil amendment should be integrated into food security strategy as they influenced maize growth and yield under (non–)heat–stress conditions.

QTL mapping for heat stress tolerance in chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.)

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Uday Chand Jha ◽  
Paresh Chandra Kole ◽  
Narendra Pratap Singh
Keyword(s):  
Heat Stress ◽  
Genetic Variability ◽  
Complex Traits ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Mendelian Segregation ◽  
Branch Number ◽  
Genomic Resources ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Genomic Regions ◽  
The Given

Rising evidence of heat stress (HS) is appearing as one of the major challenges to crop performance including chickpea affecting plant growth and yield significantly. Unprecedented advancements in chickpea genomic resources have resulted in remarkable progress for genetic dissection of various complex traits including biotic and abiotic stresses. However, these genomic resources have been limitedly utilized for developing HS tolerance in chickpea. Thus, the present study was aimed to capture genetic variability and to identify HS relevant quantitative trait loci (QTL) using 206 F2 individuals developed from DCP 92-3 × ICCV 92944 cross. Wide range of genetic variability for seventeen traits related to phenological, physiological and breeding importance was captured from the given population under HS condition by growing them in late sown condition. A total of 78 SSR markers were used for genotyping of the given F2 individuals. Only 39 markers were fitted to Mendelian segregation and these were assigned to all linkage groups (LGs) except LG8, covering 859 cM of genome. QTL analysis revealed one QTL controlling primary branch number (PB) explaining 2% phenotypic variation (PV) on LG3 and another QTL related to chlorophyll content (CHL) on LG6 explaining 17.2% PV. In future, fine mapping of these QTL controlling genomic regions may enable uncovering the underlying candidate gene(s) contributing in HS tolerance. Thus, these genomic regions could be promisingly utilized for marker assisted breeding for developing heat tolerant chickpea genotype.

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