scholarly journals The importance of sanitary microbiological indices in the evaluation of epidemiological safety of water use in conditions of chemical contamination of water

2019 ◽  
Vol 95 (10) ◽  
pp. 934-938 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yu. A. Rakhmanin ◽  
L. V. Ivanova ◽  
T. Z. Artemova ◽  
E. K. Gipp ◽  
Anzhelika V. Zagainova ◽  
...  

The increasing chemicalization of production and life leads to the pollution of water bodies by chemicals, the effect of which on the micro - and macro - organisms is poorly understood. This section of the study in sanitary bacteriology is becoming ever more topical and is an important task of modern hygienic science. One of complicacies of the study of the problem is related with the fact that the presence of only experimental data fails to be sufficient, as the impact of any given chemical substance on different bacteria in the experiment does not mean that under natural conditions, similar results will be obtained. One reason for this may be the inhibitory effect of the given chemical on biological properties of bacteria, while in field conditions in the water several chemicals interacting with each other can exist. In this regard, the aim of the work was to assess the indicator value of sanitary and microbiological indices of epidemic hazard of water use in conditions of chemical pollution of surface water bodies.

Author(s):  
O. Troicka ◽  
K. Belokon ◽  
Y. Manidina ◽  
V. Ryzkov

The problem of environmental safety is relevant for all water recreational facilities in Ukraine. The quality of the natural environment, and, accordingly, the scale of the recreational use of water bodies largely depends on the impact on natural complexes of various unfavorable anthropogenic factors. These include, first of all, the release of untreated and insufficiently treated wastewater, pollution of water bodies by wastewater from unsettled territories of industrial and agricultural use, air pollution by pollutants, etc. These anthropogenic influences limit the recreational possibilities of aquatorial natural complexes and are dangerous for the health of vacationers.In addition to physical and chemical pollution, biological pollution of surface waters has become widespread, in particular microbial, the test indicator of which is E. coli, saprophytic bacteria and enterococci. When ingested, they can cause acute intestinal infections, fever, nausea, etc.It was determined in the work that the average annual number of saprophytic bacteria, for five years of research, varied from 25.5 to 35.5 thousand cells/cm3, which within the ecological classification corresponds to the IV class and 6 categories of water quality , according to the degree of pollution «dirty»).The results of the assessment of bacterial contamination of the surface waters of the river. The Dnieper from the recreational zones of the Left Bank of Zaporizhzhia over a five-year period indicate an unstable ecological state of the studied waters according to such bacterial indicators as the PEC index and the number of saprophytic bacteria. This makes it necessary to carry out environmental protection measures in order to increase the level of environmental safety in the zones of water recreation.


2021 ◽  
Vol 29 (4) ◽  
pp. 40-44
Author(s):  
Okana O. Sinitsyna ◽  
Ol’ga S. Pivneva ◽  
Viktor V. Turbinsky ◽  
Lyubov F. Morozova ◽  
O. N. Kozyreva ◽  
...  

Introduction. Information on the MPC (TAC) value and the limiting hazard sign is important for the analysis of the hazard of chemicals in the water of water bodies for the health of the population, serves as the basis for the development of preventive measures to ensure safe conditions for water use by the population. For the purpose of specifying the possible adverse effects of the influence of chemicals on the hygienic conditions of water use of the population, information is needed on the entire spectrum of the effects of chemicals on water quality indicators. Materials and methods. The object of the study was indicators characterizing the effect of chemicals on the organoleptic properties of water and the general sanitary regime of water bodies, algorithms for analyzing primary data to determine threshold concentrations for the effect on odor, color, turbidity, foaming, pH, general sanitary regime of water bodies - biochemical oxygen consumption, concentration of nitrogenous connections. To organize the databases, the standard apparatus of the Excel subBD electronic tables was used. The mathematical apparatus of data analysis, grouping and selection of critical indicators of limiting signs is presented. Conclusion. It is concluded that the use of databases allows to study the relationship “concentration - effect”, increases the reliability and accuracy of substantiating the threshold concentration of pollutants in water by the influence of limiting signs of harmfulness.


Molecules ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 26 (24) ◽  
pp. 7593
Author(s):  
Marta Vinha Vieira ◽  
Igor Piotr Turkiewicz ◽  
Karolina Tkacz ◽  
Claudio Fuentes-Grünewald ◽  
Lorenzo M. Pastrana ◽  
...  

The functional food market has been in a state of constant expansion due to the increasing awareness of the impact of the diet on human health. In the search for new natural resources that could act as a functional ingredient for the food industry, microalgae represent a promising alternative, considering their high nutritional value and biosynthesis of numerous bioactive compounds with reported biological properties. In the present work, the phytochemical profile, antioxidant activity, and enzymatic inhibitory effect aiming at different metabolic disorders (Alzheimer’s disease, Type 2 diabetes, and obesity) were evaluated for the species Porphyridium purpureum, Chlorella vulgaris, Arthorspira platensis, and Nannochloropsis oculata. All the species presented bioactive diversity and important antioxidant activity, demonstrating the potential to be used as functional ingredients. Particularly, P. purpureum and N. oculata exhibited higher carotenoid and polyphenol content, which was reflected in their superior biological effects. Moreover, the species P. purpureum exhibited remarkable enzymatic inhibition for all the analyses.


Author(s):  
Dmitry V. Mashkin ◽  
Tatyana V. Izvekova ◽  
Andrei A. Gushchin ◽  
Vladimir I. Grinevich

In given study the results of measurements of heavy metals content (Cu, Zn, Cd, Pb, Co, Ni, Mn) and oil hydrocarbons in a soil cover of Ivanovo city are presented. The chemical pollution of soils was estimated with the comparison of obtained results with normalized values as well as on parameters which are indicators of unfavorable impact on a population health that is on the coefficient of concentration of chemical substance (Kc) and total parameter of chemical pollution (Zc). It has been established that the content of lead and oil products exceeds the standardized values by a factor of 6.7 and 3.9 times, respectively, and for all other controlled compounds their concentrations in all the test samples exceed the background values, with the exception of cobalt and manganese. For a determination of level pollution and for revealing main sources of anthropogenic impact the territory under study was divided on the following zones:  buffer areas of gasoline stands, zones with the intensive vehicular traffic and residential zones. On Zc value the residential zones refer to category of permissible level of pollution (Zc<16) whereas territories near roads and gasoline stands are characterized with the average level of pollution (16<Zc<32). The dynamics of the change in the value of the complex indicator of the level of chemical contamination of soil (Zc) for the period from 1999 to 2014 indicates a deterioration in the environmental condition of the soil, namely, the value of Zc increased from 12 to 18, which is probably associated with growth of vehicles (an average increase of 6% per year). On the basis of the method of geochemical mapping the reasonable assumption was made that the main contribution to soil contamination is provided by local sources of city.Forcitation:Mashkin D.V., Izvekova Т.V., Gushchin A.A., Grinevich V.I. Assessment of level pollution of Ivanovo city with heavy metals and oil products. Izv. Vyssh. Uchebn. Zaved. Khim. Khim. Tekhnol. 2017. V. 60. N 5. P. 94-99


2015 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 103-106
Author(s):  
Cristina Andreevna Kosacheva ◽  
Marina Yuryevna Garitskaya ◽  
Alina Ivanovna Baitelova ◽  
Lyudmila Andreevna Pikus

Environmental pollution by industrial enterprises, leading to its degradation and impairing the health of the population remains an urgent concern of environmental social and economic importance. At present, more and more land is subject to man-made factors that alter the chemical composition of the soil. All this is the result of agricultural use of various pesticides, fertilizers, plant growth stimulants. But beyond that, many an important role in soil pollution are industrial emissions. This article examines the impact of the enterprise for the production of mineral fertilizers - JSC Meleuz Minetal Fertilizers - the quality of soil and environmental situation developing at a location nearby. On a functional purpose, this area is an area of growing crops. Not very safe is that this site is located within the boundaries of the sanitary protection zone. Monitoring of soil at an early stage allows you to track incipient changes in the environment. To assess the ecological status of the study area were determined indicator of chemical pollution of soils sampled at different distances from the plant, and the ranking according to the degree of ecological trouble. The results of the analysis showed that the highest concentrations of pollutants found in soil samples taken at the minimum distance from the plant. This confirms the impact on the territory of priority chemical plant emissions. Ranking in terms of chemical contamination of soils indicates that the territory adjacent to the JSC Meleuz Mineral Fertilizers, at all distances studied, should be referred to an area with critical ecological situation.


Author(s):  
Natalia Kuczyńska-Kippen ◽  
Barbara Nagengast ◽  
Tomasz Joniak

The impact of biometric parameters of a hydromacrophyte habitat on the structure of zooplankton communities in various types of small water bodies


Author(s):  
N. N. Dubenok ◽  
G. V. Olgarenko ◽  
B. S. Gordon

If the center pivot or linear moving irrigation machines are operated with their own individual irrigation technologies, but the irrigation machines with combined center-pivot and linear moving mode are operated on one field in turn as a center pivot and as a linear. The goal of this work is creation of theoretical base for calculation of improved irrigation machines parameters and existing irrigation equipment modernizing, according to the different natural conditions. The research object is investigation of characteristics of rain delivered from irrigation machines with combined center-pivot and linear moving mode, assuring uniform irrigation distribution according to the irrigation technology and operation parameters, size and configuration of seasonal norm as well as to the irrigation scheduling. The pointed goal is achieved by the given problem solving, when having basic data on the irrigation norm and time, as well as operation characteristics and the irrigation area configuration, the predicted hydro modulus are calculated for the irrigation machine working in a center pivot and in a linear mode. The simulation of sprinkling devices operation on the machine is made by one universal formula, when on the plots irrigated in center pivot and linear mode is achieved equality of arranged hydro modulus to the corresponding calculated data. At that, are considered all the possible combinations of the total irrigated area parts, irrigated with different technologies.


Author(s):  
Alizaman D. Gamon ◽  
Mariam Saidona Tagoranao

This study discusses the penetration of Islam in the Philippines, particularly the third wave of its expansion, which was brought by Sufi missionaries. It reinstates the historical relevance of Sufi ideas and approaches due to its contemporary relevance to the concept of social co-existence. The rational, intellectual and philosophical dimension of Islam is manifested in the cultural and traditional life of Muslim communities. The study also analyzes the impact of Muslim struggle for the development of Islamic institutions in the context of the secular state. The ongoing, unsettled debate between Islamic and government approaches to peace and development in Mindanao and Sulu continues unabated. Over the years, reforms were introduced, but in their midst, evidence of government biases and prejudices with regards to Islamic institutions have surfaced. Muslim leaders and intellectuals responded in the context of historical rights and freedom, but those views were often questioned as they are presumed to be incompatible with the national agenda for national unity. It was very recently that this incompatibility was readdressed giving support to having lasting peace and justice in Mindanao. The study argues that there have been substantial state-sponsored reforms which may contribute to the gradual advancement of Muslim communities. Though the path for the passage of Muslim concerns within the given condition is fragile and open to challenges, the study recognizes the prominence of inter-civilizational dialogue, from which the universal values of humanity will be embraced by both Muslim and non-Muslim policy makers. In addition, Muslim and non-Muslim communities in the Philippines need to embrace the universal principle of humanity and coexistence due to its relevance to the political stability and economic growth in the country.  Keywords: Muslims in the Philippines, Islamic institutions, Islamization, Muslim intellectuals, Reform. Abstrak Kajian ini mengkaji tentang kemasukan Islam, terutamanya gelombang ketiga perkembangannya, yang dibawa oleh para pendakwah sufi. Kajian itu mengembalikan semula sejarah penting tentang idea-idea dan pendekatan Sufi yang boleh digunapakai pada masa kini untuk mewujudkan keharmonian sosial di kalangan rakyat pelbagai agama. Pemahaman tentang Islam mempunyai pengaruh yang jelas terhadap kebudayaan dan tradisi Islam. Kajian ini juga menganalisis kesan perjuangan Muslim untuk pembangunan institusi Islam dalam konteks sebuah negara sekular. Perbahasan yang berterusan yang tidak menemukan penyelesaian antara pendekatan Islam dan pendekatan kerajaan untuk perdamaian serta pembangunan di Mindanao dan Sulu terus berlanjutan. Walaupun  bertahun-tahun pembaharuan telah dilakukan, namun terdapat bukti penolakan dan prasangka buruk kerajaan terhadap institusi Islam. Para pemimpin dan intelektual Muslim bertindak berdasarkan pada fakta sejarah dan hak kebebasan bersuara, namun pandangan mereka sering dipertikaikan kerana mereka dianggap tidak seiring dengan agenda dan perpaduan nasional. Baru-baru ini ketidakserasian ini mulai disuarakan semula untuk mendapat sokongan terhadap keamanan dan keadilan yang berterusan di Mindanao. Kajian ini mendapati bahawa terdapat pembaharuan yang dilakukan oleh pihak kerajaan yang boleh menyumbang ke arah  kemajuan masyarakat Islam secara beransur-ansur. Walaupun pendekatan bagi memenuhi hasrat orang Islam masih dalam keadaan yang rapuh dan penuh cabaran, namun kajian ini mengusulkan peripentingnya dialog antara peradaban dimana nilai-nilai universal manusia akan diperoleh dan dipegang oleh kedua-kedua pihak pembuat dasar iaitu  Islam dan bukan Islam. Di samping itu, umat Islam dan bukan Islam di Filipina perlu mengkaji dan mencontohi model keharmonian sosial Malaysia dan Singapura kerana kaitannya dengan kestabilan politik dan pertumbuhan ekonomi. Kata Kunci: Muslim di Filipina, institusi Islam, Islamisasi, intelektual Islam, Pembaharuan.


2018 ◽  
Vol 23 (1) ◽  
pp. 60-71
Author(s):  
Wigiyanti Masodah

Offering credit is the main activity of a Bank. There are some considerations when a bank offers credit, that includes Interest Rates, Inflation, and NPL. This study aims to find out the impact of Variable Interest Rates, Inflation variables and NPL variables on credit disbursed. The object in this study is state-owned banks. The method of analysis in this study uses multiple linear regression models. The results of the study have shown that Interest Rates and NPL gave some negative impacts on the given credit. Meanwhile, Inflation variable does not have a significant effect on credit given. Keywords: Interest Rate, Inflation, NPL, offered Credit.


Author(s):  
I. Saakian ◽  
Aleksandr, Grigor’ev ◽  
E. Kravets ◽  
E. Rudakov ◽  
A. Faddeev ◽  
...  

Выполнен анализ действующей редакции Методики разработки нормативов допустимых сбросов веществ и микроорганизмов в водные объекты для водопользователей , утвержденной приказом Минприроды России от 17 декабря 2007 г. 333, на предмет непротиворечивости и соответствия нормам водоохранного законодательства. Выявлена неопределенность применения Методики в условиях воздействия на качество воды природных и антропогенных факторов, не зависящих от конкретного водопользователя. Положения Методики противоречат принципам нормирования воздействия на водные объекты на основе наилучших доступных технологий, что было показано на примерах утвержденных технологических показателей содержания загрязняющих веществ в сточных водах различных отраслей промышленности. Анализ системы нормирования допустимых воздействий на водные объекты и географической дифференциации нормативов качества воды в пределах Российской Федерации вместе с системой целевых показателей качества воды также показал несоответствие Методики основным принципам водоохранного законодательства.The analysis of the current edition of the Methods of developing standards for permissible discharges of substances and microorganisms into water bodies for water users , approved by the Order of the Ministry of Natural Resources of Russia dated December 17, 2007 No. 333 for consilience and compliance with the regulations of the water protection legislation, is carried out. Uncertainty of the application of the Methods in the conditions of the impact of natural and anthropogenic factors that are independent of a specific water user on the quality of water has been identified. The provisions of the Methods contradict the principles of regulating the impact on water bodies based on the best available technologies shown on the examples of approved process indicators of the concentrations of various industrial pollutants in wastewater. An analysis of the system of regulating the permissible impact on water bodies and the geographical differentiation of water quality standards within the boundaries of the Russian Federation, together with the system of water quality targets, also showed that the Methods do not comply with the basic principles of the water protection legislation.


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