Presence of Classical Enterotoxin Genes, agr Typing, Antimicrobial Resistance, and Genetic Diversity of Staphylococcus aureus from Milk of Cows with Mastitis in Southern Brazil

2018 ◽  
Vol 81 (5) ◽  
pp. 738-742 ◽  
Author(s):  
ISABELA S. KRONING ◽  
MARIANA A. IGLESIAS ◽  
KARLA S. MENDONÇA ◽  
GRACIELA V. LOPES ◽  
WLADIMIR P. SILVA
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Antimicrobial Resistance ◽  
Antimicrobial Agents ◽  
Bovine Mastitis ◽  
Disease Outbreaks ◽  
Southern Brazil ◽  
Group Iii ◽  
Distinct Area ◽  
Group I ◽  
Enterotoxin Genes

ABSTRACTStaphylococcus aureusis a common causative agent of bovine mastitis in dairy cows and commonly associated with foodborne disease outbreaks. The aim of this study was to evaluate the presence of enterotoxin genes, agr typing, antimicrobial resistance, and genetic diversity of S. aureus isolated from milk of cows with mastitis in dairy farms from southern Brazil. Results showed that 7 (22.6%) of 31 S. aureus isolates were positive for enterotoxin genes. Specifically, the genes encoding for enterotoxins A (n = 4), C (n = 2), and B (n = 1) were detected. Isolates belonging to the agr group III (10 of 31, 32.2%) and agr group I (7 of 31, 22.5%) were the most common. To our knowledge, this is the first report of both agr I and III in the same S. aureus isolate from milk of cows with bovine mastitis. The antimicrobial resistance test showed that 54% of the isolates were multiresistant to antimicrobial agents. The macrorestriction analysis produced 16 different major SmaI pulsed-field gel electrophoresis patterns, with up to two subpatterns. Moreover, the presence of some S. aureus clones in a distinct area was observed. Although this study characterized a limited number of S. aureus isolates, the presence of classical enterotoxin genes and resistance to multiple antimicrobial agents reinforces the importance of this microorganism to animal and human health. In addition, similar genetic profiles have been identified in distinct geographic areas, suggesting clonal dissemination of S. aureus in dairy herds from southern Brazil.

scholarly journals Detection and Characterization of Prevotella Intermedia and Its In Vitro Susceptibility to Selected Antimicrobial Agents in Chronic Periodontitis and Acute Myocardial Infarction

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-6 ◽  
Author(s):  
Deepa Anumala ◽  
Mohan Kumar Pasupuleti ◽  
Ravindra Reddy Nagireddy
Keyword(s):  
Myocardial Infarction ◽  
Acute Myocardial Infarction ◽  
Chronic Periodontitis ◽  
Antimicrobial Agents ◽  
Prevotella Intermedia ◽  
Causative Role ◽  
In Vitro Susceptibility ◽  
Group Iii ◽  
Group I ◽  
Group Ii

Background: Periodontal disease has been reported to play a causative role in acute myocardial infarction (AMI), which may add to the various risk factors associated with coronary heart disease. The objective of the present study was to investigate the presence of Prevotella intermedia – an established periodontal pathogen – in subgingival plaque samples of chronic periodontitis and AMI patients in order to identify a possible association, and to evaluate the susceptibility of Prevotella intermedia to nine antimicrobial agents. Methods: After undergoing screening for eligibility, a total of 50 subjects were included in the present study. Twenty patients were diagnosed with AMI and generalized chronic periodontitis (Group I), 20 patients were diagnosed with only AMI (Group II), and 10 subjects were healthy controls (Group III). The isolated Prevotella intermedia strains were tested for susceptibility to bacitracin, chloramphenicol, penicillin G, polymyxin, gentamycin, neomycin, tetracycline, cefotaxime, and cefoxitin using an antibiotic zonescale to determine minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs). Results: Periodontal pathogens were identified by phenotypic and enzymatic methods. The mean bacterial load of Prevotella intermedia species was higher in Group I compared to Group II and Group III. It was also found that pencillin G, gentamycin, neomycin, tetracycline, cefotaxime, and cefoxitin inhibited 90% of Prevotella intermedia, whereas bacitracin, chloramphenicol, and polymyxin inhibited 80% of Prevotella intermedia. Thus, only 10% of Prevotella intermedia were resistant to these antibiotics. Conclusion: The present study confirms that Prevotella intermedia is associated with chronic periodontitis and AMI.

scholarly journals EVALUACIÓN DE LA CAPACIDAD ADYUVANTE DEL GINSENÓSIDO RG1 EN RATONES BALB/C INMUNIZADOS CON UN LISADO DE Staphylococcus aureus

2021 ◽  
Vol 19 (suplemento) ◽  
Author(s):  
P Silvestrini
Keyword(s):  
Cellular Response ◽  
Bovine Mastitis ◽  
Humoral Response ◽  
Experimental Conditions ◽  
Ginseng Extract ◽  
Group Iii ◽  
Group I ◽  
Specific Igg ◽  
Specific Stimulation ◽  
Adjuvant Effects

Rg1 ginsenoside, the main active compound of Panax ginseng extract, could be a promising vaccine adjuvant against Staphylococcus aureusbovine mastitis. The aim was to evaluate the adjuvant effects of Rg1 combined with liposomes or alone against S. aureus lysate from bovine mastitis in mice. Female Balb/c mice were divided into 4 groups: S. aureus Lysate + IFA (Group I), S. aureus lysate + liposomes (Group II), S. aureus lysate + Rg1 (Group III) and S. aureus lysate + liposomes + Rg1 (Group IV). All mice were subcutaneously immunized with all formulations 3 times at 2-weeks intervals. Humoral response was evaluated by indirect IgG ELISA assay in plasma collected at the end of the assay. Cellular response was evaluated by MTT kit assay in spleen cells from immunized mice. Groups I and IV showed higher IgG values than groups II and III (p < 0.05). Groups I and II showed higher proliferation values than groups III and IV (p < 0.05). The Rg1-liposome combination increased S. aureus-specific IgG production. However, Rg1 was not able to stimulate lymphocyte proliferation from immunized mice, possibly due to the short S. aureus-specific stimulation time. New assays with different experimental conditions are needed to elucidate adjuvant effects of Rg1 in a murine model.

scholarly journals Susceptibilities of Corynebacterium bovis and Corynebacterium amylocolatum Isolates from Bovine Mammary Glands to 15 Antimicrobial Agents

2000 ◽  
Vol 44 (12) ◽  
pp. 3476-3477 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jeffrey L. Watts ◽  
Silvia Rossbach
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Resistance ◽  
Antimicrobial Susceptibility ◽  
Antimicrobial Agents ◽  
Bovine Mastitis ◽  
Mammary Glands ◽  
Economic Losses ◽  
Coryneform Bacteria ◽  
Susceptibility Data

ABSTRACT Coryneform bacteria are frequently isolated from bovine mastitis and are associated with economic losses. Generally, the MICs of the 15 antimicrobial agents tested at which 90% of the isolates tested are inhibited for 46 Corynebacterium bovis and 13Corynebacterium amylocolatum strains were low. These are the first quantitative antimicrobial susceptibility data available for coryneforms from bovine mastitis. Data from this study suggest that comparable corynebacteria from humans have a much higher level of antimicrobial resistance to a variety of antimicrobial agents.

scholarly journals DIVERSITAS GENETIK TUJUH AKSESI PLASMA NUTFAH PINANG (Areca catechu L.) ASAL PULAU SUMATERA

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 27
Author(s):  
MIFTAHORRACHMAN MIFTAHORRACHMAN
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Genetic Distance ◽  
Population Genetic ◽  
Group Iv ◽  
Group Iii ◽  
Know How ◽  
North Sulawesi ◽  
Group I ◽  
Areca Catechu ◽  
Experimental Garden

ABSTRAK<br />Analisis jarak genetik dilakukan terhadap tujuh populasi pinang<br />(Areca catechu L.), yaitu Sumut-1, Sumut-2, Sumbar-1, Sumbar-2,<br />Sumbar-3, Bengkulu-1 dan Bengkulu-2 hasil eksplorasi pada tahun 1994<br />dan telah dikoleksi di kebun koleksi plasma nutfah palma Kayuwatu,<br />Sulawesi Utara. Tujuan analisis adalah untuk mengetahui seberapa besar<br />jarak  genetik  antara  ke  tujuh  aksesi  pinang  sekaligus  untuk<br />mengelompokkan ketujuh aksesi tersebut. Analisis menggunakan Uji<br />Statistik D 2 dari Mahalanobis, sedangkan untuk pengelompokan populasi<br />menggunakan metode Tocher yang dikemukakan oleh RAO dalam SINGH<br />dan CHAUDARY. Hasil analisis menunjukkan bahwa ketujuh aksesi<br />pinang membentuk 4 kelompok yaitu, kelompok I terdiri dari aksesi<br />Sumbar-1 dan Sumut-1; kelompok II terdiri dari 3 aksesi yaitu Sumbar-3,<br />Sumut-2 dan Bengkulu-1; kelompok III dan kelompok IV masing-masing<br />hanya terdapat satu aksesi yaitu Sumbar-2 dan Bengkulu-2. Jarak genetik<br />paling jauh adalah antara kelompok I dan II dengan nilai D 2 = 1263.137.<br />Sementara jarak genetik antar kelompok terdekat adalah antara kelompok I<br />dan III dengan nilai D 2 = 108.587. Penyumbang terbesar terjadinya<br />pengelompokan tersebut adalah karakter jumlah bekas daun.<br />Kata kunci : Pinang, Areca catechu L., populasi, jarak genetik, Sulawesi<br />Utara<br />ABSTRACT<br />Genetic diversity of seven arecanut (Areca catechu L.)<br />accessions from Sumatera Island<br />Genetic divergence analysis has been done on seven arecanut<br />(Areca catechu L.) populations, i.e, Sumut-1, Sumut-2, Sumbar-1,<br />Sumbar-2, Sumbar-3, Bengkulu-1, and Bengkulu-2 explorated in 1994 and<br />had been collected in Kayuwatu Experimental Garden, North Sulawesi.<br />The purpose of the analysis was to know how far the genetic distance<br />among the seven accessions of the arecanut. The analysis used D 2 statistics<br />of Mahalanobis, while to cluster the population used Tocher Method by<br />Rao. The result showed that there are four groups among the seven<br />accessions of arecanut. Group I consisted of Sumbar-1 and Sumut-1, group<br />II consisted of Sumbar-3, Sumut-2, and Bengkulu-1, and both of group III<br />and group IV consisted of one accession, namely Sumbar-2 and Bengkulu-<br />2 respectively. The largest genetic distance occurred between group I and<br />group II (D 2 = 1263.137) while the smallest genetic distance occurred<br />between group I and group III (D 2 = 108.587). Number of leaf scars was<br />the largest contribution of the grouping.<br />Key words : Arecanut, Areca catehcu L., population, genetic distance,<br />North Sulawesi

scholarly journals Genetic diversity and antimicrobial resistance inStaphylococcus aureusand coagulase‐negativeStaphylococcusisolates from bovine mastitis in Minas Gerais, Brazil

2018 ◽  
Vol 8 (5) ◽  
pp. e00736 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elaine M. S. Dorneles ◽  
Mariana D. A. M. Fonseca ◽  
Juliana A. P. Abreu ◽  
Andrey P. Lage ◽  
Maria A. V. P. Brito ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Antimicrobial Resistance ◽  
Bovine Mastitis ◽  
Minas Gerais

scholarly journals Microbiology quality, detection of enterotoxin genes and antimicrobial resistance of Staphylococcus aureus isolated from milk and Coalho cheese

2018 ◽  
Vol 39 (5) ◽  
pp. 1957 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cecília Teresa Muniz Pereira ◽  
Diêgo Sávio Vasconcelos de Oliveira ◽  
Vanessa Solano Veloso ◽  
Sabina Dos Santos Paulino Silva ◽  
Leidiane Sousa Santos ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Antimicrobial Resistance ◽  
Antimicrobial Agents ◽  
Disk Diffusion ◽  
Foodborne Diseases ◽  
Biochemical Tests ◽  
Disk Diffusion Test ◽  
Resistance Phenotype ◽  
Inducible Resistance ◽  
Enterotoxin Genes

This study evaluated the microbiological quality of milk and Coalho cheese, the prevalence of enterotoxin genes, antimicrobial resistance and determined an inducible MLSB resistance phenotype by the D-test in strains of Staphylococcus aureus isolated from these products. Seventy samples of milk and Coalho cheese were analyzed. S. aureus strains were identified by biochemical tests. The presence of se genes (sea-see) was tested by polymerase chain reaction. The antimicrobial sensitivity of S. aureus strains was evaluated for 13 antimicrobial drugs using the disk diffusion technique and the double-disk diffusion test (D-test) was performed to determine inducible resistance to lincosamide phenotype. The amount of toxin sufficient to cause foodborne diseases is generally observed when Staphylococcus populations exceed 105 CFU mL-1 g-1. In this study, none of the milk samples analyzed showed these counts; however, 73.3% (22/30) of Coalho cheese samples exceeded this value. A total of 109 isolates were identified as S. aureus. The presence of enterotoxin genes was detected in 25.7% of these isolates and amplified only for the sec gene. Most of the isolates (78.5%) were resistant to one or more antimicrobial agents. The D test showed that 25.0% of erythromycin-resistant isolates had the constitutive resistance phenotype, and 3.8% had the inducible resistance phenotype to clindamycin. These results indicate that these dairy products represent a health risk since these bacteria can cause foodborne diseases or may be a possible route for the transfer of antimicrobial resistance to humans.

scholarly journals Antimicrobial resistance and detection of mecA and blaZ genes in coagulase-negative Staphylococcus isolated from bovine mastitis

2012 ◽  
Vol 32 (8) ◽  
pp. 692-696 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lidiane C. Soares ◽  
Ingrid A. Pereira ◽  
Bruno R. Pribul ◽  
Marcelo S. Oliva ◽  
Shana M.O. Coelho ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Resistance ◽  
Antimicrobial Agents ◽  
Meca Gene ◽  
Bovine Milk ◽  
Bovine Mastitis ◽  
Coagulase Negative Staphylococcus ◽  
Antimicrobial Resistance Profile ◽  
Disk Diffusion Assay ◽  
Resistance Rates ◽  
Gene 4

The present study evaluated the pheno- and genotypical antimicrobial resistance profile of coagulase-negative Staphylococcus (CNS) species isolated from dairy cows milk, specially concerning to oxacillin. Of 100 CNS isolates, the S. xylosus was the prevalent species, followed by S. cohnii, S. hominis, S. capitis and S. haemolyticus. Only 6% were phenotypically susceptible to the antimicrobial agents tested in disk diffusion assay. Penicillin and ampicillin resistance rates were significantly higher than others antimicrobials. Four isolates were positive to mecA gene (4%), all represented by the S. xylosus species. The blaZ gene was detected in 16% of the isolates (16/100). It was noticed that all mecA + were also positive to this gene and the presence of both genes was correlated to phenotypic beta-lactamic resistance. We conclude that CNS species from bovine milk presented significantly distinct antimicrobial resistance profiles, evaluated by phenotypic and genotypic tests, which has implications for treatment and management decisions.

scholarly journals Genotypic Diversity and Antimicrobial Resistance of Escherichia Coli Isolated From Pigs in Hubei, China

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiaoyue Li ◽  
Zewen Liu ◽  
Ningning Wang ◽  
Wei Liu ◽  
Ting Gao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Antimicrobial Resistance ◽  
Antimicrobial Agents ◽  
Genotypic Diversity ◽  
Hubei Province ◽  
Economic Losses ◽  
Multi Drug Resistance ◽  
Growth Delay ◽  
E Coli

Abstract BackgroundIntestinal infections with Escherichia coli (E. coli) are mostly occur in piglets between 1~10 days old, which major lead to diarrhea and edema in newborn piglets. These diseases caused by E. coli can increase mortality, morbidity and growth delay of piglets, which are responsible for economic losses. In this study was to investigate the prevalence of antibiotic resistance, transmission mechanisms, and molecular epidemiology of E. coli strains isolated from pig farms in Hubei province. Furthermore, clonal and genetic diversity of isolates were identified. ResultsA total of 29 E. coli isolates were obtained from fecal of weaned piglets from Hubei province. The E. coli isolates in different regions demonstrate different genetic diversity. Multilocus sequence typing (MLST) presented that ST165 was the common sequence type, accounting for 27.6% of all E. coli isolates, followed by ST744, ST1081, ST101 and ST10. All of the isolates were resistant to the tested antibiotics to vary degrees, and more than 80% of E. coli isolates presented high resistance rates to ampicillin, lincomycin, doxycycline, tetracycline, sulfaisoxazole and ampicillin. There was one E. coli strain that was resistant to the fifteen antimicrobial agents tested. Overall, most of the isolates were conferring resistance to 5-7 antimicrobial agents tested.ConclusionsOur study reported E. coli isolates with high antimicrobial resistance and explores the genetic diversity of E. coli isolated from swine-origin. From the results obtained it can be concluded that these isolates present high prevalent multi-drug resistance. These data provide a greater understanding of the genetic diversity and antimicrobial resistance of E. coli.

scholarly journals Genetic Diversity and Population Structure of Dendrobium Nobile in Southwest of China Based On Genotyping-by-Sequencing

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tao He ◽  
Changrong Ye ◽  
Qin Zeng ◽  
Xiaoli Fan ◽  
Tianfang Huang
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Population Structure ◽  
Genetic Variation ◽  
Population Variation ◽  
Quality Data ◽  
Group Method ◽  
Dendrobium Nobile ◽  
Group Iii ◽  
Group I ◽  
Quality Value

Abstract Dendrobium nobile Lindl. is one of the most important Orchid plants worldwide. The genotype-by-sequencing (GBS) method has now been widely used to access genetic diversity because of its high-throughput and cost-effective in molecular markers. The goal of this study was to employ the GBS technique for diversity evaluation of D. nobile and determine genetic differences between populations. A total of 129 accessions of D. nobile collected originally between 2019 and 2020 from 10 imitation-wild cultivated populations growing in Sichuan, Guizhou and Yunnan of southwestern China were sequenced, a total of 135G clean reads and a total of 836,786 SNPs of high quality data was yielded and were used for final analysis of genetic diversity and population structure. The quality value 20(Q20) ≥ 92.61%, the quality value 30(Q30) ≥ 82.38%. The GC contents distributed between 37.58% and 38.82%. It was also found that more transitions than transversions, and the ratio of transition/transversion varied from 1.804 to 1.911. By the methods of STRUCTURE, the most appropriate number was found to be k=3, all accessions of D. nobile were classified into three groups, excepts for 14 accessions belonging to admixed group. Phylogenetic tree and principal component analysis (PCA) were consistent with the result. The first two principal components explained a total of 23.25% of the variation by PCA. The genetic diversity of ML population showed the lower genetic diversity as indicated by the effective number of alleles (Ne) = 1.287, polymorphism information content (PIC) = 0.141, and Shannon's information index (I) = 0.205, while WT population showed slightly higher genetic diversity by the Ne =1.512, PIC =0.256, and I =0.360. ML population and other nine populations (FB, FM, FX, LJ, SJ, SP, WL, WT and XM) were the most divergent between them respectively owing to all pairwise Fst values above 0.25, while FM population and FX population were considered identical because the pairwise Fst value was 0.0 between the two populations. Correlation analysis showed that highly significant correlation was observed between genetic distance and actual geographical distance (r = 0.854, P < 0.0001), indicating that the genetic differentiation of the 10 D.nobile populations conformed to the geographical isolation model. Analysis of molecular variance (AMOVA) revealed that the genetic variation was greater within populations (87.8%) than among populations (12.2%). This confirmed that intra-population variation was the main source of genetic variation in 10 D. nobile populations. The results also showed that Nm = 1.799 > 1, indicating that there was gene exchange between different populations. Analysis of unweighted pair-group method with arithmetic mean (UPGMA) suggested that the 10 populations were classified into three groups (Group I, Group II and Group III), Group III could be further divided into two subgroups (Group IIIa and Group IIIb). The results will not only provide valuable information for the level of genetic diversity of D.nobile growing in southwestern of China but also help for formulation of strategies for resource protection and utilization. Moreover, GBS appears as an efficient tool to detect intra-population variation.

scholarly journals Genotypic Diversity, Antimicrobial Resistance, and Virulence Factors of Human Isolates and Probiotic Cultures Constituting Two Intraspecific Groups of Enterococcus faecium Isolates

2008 ◽  
Vol 74 (14) ◽  
pp. 4247-4255 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vanessa Vankerckhoven ◽  
Geert Huys ◽  
Marc Vancanneyt ◽  
Cindy Snauwaert ◽  
Jean Swings ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Resistance ◽  
Enterococcus Faecium ◽  
Virulence Genes ◽  
Antimicrobial Agents ◽  
Genotypic Diversity ◽  
Clinical Isolates ◽  
Pfge Analysis ◽  
Genotypic Resistance ◽  
Group I ◽  
Pcr Multiplex

ABSTRACTThe intraspecific relationships among a collection ofEnterococcus faeciumisolates comprising probiotic cultures and human clinical isolates were investigated through the combined use of two high-resolution DNA-fingerprinting techniques. In addition, the incidences of antimicrobial resistance and virulence traits were investigated. A total of 128E. faeciumisolates from human clinical or nonclinical sources or used as probiotic cultures were subjected to fluorescent amplified fragment length polymorphism (FAFLP) fingerprinting and pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) analysis of SmaI macrorestriction patterns. Susceptibilities to 16 antimicrobial agents were tested using broth microdilution, and the presence of the corresponding resistance genes was investigated using PCR. Multiplex PCR was used to detect the presence of the enterococcal virulence genesasa1,gelE,cylA,esp, andhyl. The results of the study showed that two intraspecific genomic groups (I and II) were obtained in FAFLP analysis. PFGE analysis demonstrated high variability within these two groups but also indicated that some probiotic cultures were indistinguishable and that a number of clinical isolates may be reisolations of commercial probiotic cultures. Compared to group II, which contained the majority of the probiotic isolates and fewer human clinical isolates, higher phenotypic and genotypic resistance frequencies were observed in group I. Two probiotic isolates were phenotypically resistant to erythromycin, one of which contained anerm(B) gene that was not transferable to enterococcal recipients. None of the probioticE. faeciumisolates demonstrated the presence of the tested virulence genes. The previously reported observation thatE. faeciumconsists of two intraspecific genomic groups was further substantiated by FAFLP fingerprinting of 128 isolates. In combination with antimicrobial resistance and virulence testing, this grouping might represent an additional criterion in assessing the safety of new potential probioticE. faeciumisolates.

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