scholarly journals Impact of Air Pollutants on Agricultural Crops

2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Alok Singh Jayara
Keyword(s):  
Urban Areas ◽  
Air Pollutants ◽  
Canopy Temperature ◽  
Crop Plants ◽  
Health It ◽  
The Past ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Motorized Transport ◽  
Particulate Matter Pollution

History of mankind has witnessed transformation in form of industrialization, urbanization and motorized transport in the past. These all had made the life easier for human but these also led to increase in level of pollutants in the atmosphere. These pollutants have cascading impact on agriculture. The impact of some of the major pollutants such as SO2, NOx and ozone is in the form of production of ROS, reduced photosynthesis and energy metabolism. The aerosol and particulate matter pollution also leads to reduced transpiration which raises the canopy temperature and also disturbs the water and nutrient uptake by the crop plants. To date most of the pollution related studies, especially in developing countries, are restricted to its impact on urban areas and human health. It is needed to extend these studies to impact of air pollution on agriculture. In this paper we have discussed the various mechanisms through which the pollutants act on the crop plants and their impact on yield.

scholarly journals Map of Impact of Natural Hazards

2016 ◽  
pp. 69-77
Author(s):  
Maria BOSTENARU DAN ◽  
◽  
Cristina Olga Gociman ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Natural Disasters ◽  
Natural Hazards ◽  
19Th Century ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
General Assembly ◽  
German Research ◽  
History Of ◽  
Historical Photographs ◽  
The 19Th Century ◽  
The Impact

This paper investigates the mapping of the impact of natural hazards as included in several databases reviewed or created by the author. These are: - The database of the contribution of the session series “Natural hazards’ impact on urban areas and infrastructure”, convened and co-convened by the first author over 15 years at the European Geosciences General Assembly. - A database created from reviews of students supervised by the authors in frame of the course “Protection of settlements against risks” at the home university. - A collection of historical photographs from the 19th century on different natural and man-made hazards from the Canadian Centre for Architecture, the archive review of which has been performed by the first author and which will be subject of a book to be published about the time of the conference. -Two reviewed collections, one from the exhibition and book on “Images of disasters” (German research) and one on the book “Illustrated history of natural disasters” which include major disasters from the beginning of the mankind. In frame of the paper maps of the spread of data will be presented, created using both arcGIS online and GoogleMaps (see https://www.google.com/maps/d/edit?mid=zpbbz3WgVMBs.k-3vhGj- -l1M&usp=sharing), comparing the source and the type of hazard, to see eventual overlappings between the databases.

scholarly journals Sciences and audiences along the last century: the impact of Astronomy Education

2018 ◽  
Vol 13 (S349) ◽  
pp. 474-478
Author(s):  
Rosa M. Ros ◽  
Beatriz Garca
Keyword(s):  
Secondary Teachers ◽  
Astronomy Education ◽  
Interest In Science ◽  
The Past ◽  
The World ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Made In ◽  
Science Activities

AbstractJust as in the past, the development of the natural sciences and in particular of astronomy has changed the history of humanity. If we think about the role of our discipline into the future, it shows its enormous power in the field of education, owing to the possibility of awakening interest in science in very varied audiences. Within the framework of the enormous progress made in the technologies related to astronomy, many of them of daily use, the role of the astronomer in the era of Communications acquires fundamental importance.In this presentation, we will try to make a journey through the different ways of presenting astronomical topics for different audiences over the last 100 years. In turn, we will show some specific achievements, associated with education programmes of the discipline. We discuss the impact produced by proposals that are both rigorous in terms of content, and also appeal to the development of the human being in an integral manner, within the framework of citizen science activities.For this research, we have taken into account the uninterrupted development of the NASE programme, which has performed 112 courses in 24 countries throughout the world and in different languages. NASE has involved 4966 secondary teachers in the last eight years.

scholarly journals A brief history of metrology: past, present, and future

2019 ◽  
Vol 10 ◽  
pp. 5 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jean-Pierre Fanton
Keyword(s):  
French Revolution ◽  
Quantum Physics ◽  
State Of The Art ◽  
International System ◽  
Actual State ◽  
The Past ◽  
System Of Units ◽  
The World ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Impact

In this paper, we take the freedom to paraphrase Stephen Hawking's well-known formula and approach, for a reflection about metrology. In fact, metrology has a past, a present, and a future. The past is marked by a rich series of events, of which we shall highlight only those which resulted in major turns. The impact of the French Revolution is indisputably one of them. The present corresponds to a significant evolution, which is the entry of metrology into the world of quantum physics, with the relevant changes in the International System of units (SI). An apercu of the actual state of the art of metrological technology is given. The future is characterised by a persisting need for a still enhanced metrology, in terms of performance and domain covered. In this respect, soft metrology seems to constitute a promising field for research and development.

Yahweh and His Clio: Critical Theory and the Historical Criticism of the Hebrew Bible

2006 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 149-168 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. D. Miller
Keyword(s):  
Critical Theory ◽  
Cultural History ◽  
Hebrew Bible ◽  
Social World ◽  
Historical Criticism ◽  
The Past ◽  
The Social ◽  
Ancient Israel ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Impact

Discussion about the reconstruction of the history of ancient Israel seldom interacts with theoretical literature on the nature of history. Modern attempts to write Israel’s history, however, have been shaped by their theoretical underpinnings for the past two centuries. This essay explores the epistemological underpinnings of the historical criticism of the Hebrew Bible, outlines trends in historiographical theory, and assesses the impact newer theories of intellectual cultural history can have on studies of the history of the social world of ancient Israel.

scholarly journals The Impact of Recent Antibiotic Usage on Oropharyngeal Neisseria spp. in MSM of Hanoi, Vietnam

2017 ◽  
Vol 4 (suppl_1) ◽  
pp. S105-S105
Author(s):  
Huan Dong ◽  
Hoa Thi Nguyen ◽  
Minh Binh Xuan Nguyen ◽  
Trung Vu Nguyen ◽  
Folasade May ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Susceptibility ◽  
Antibiotic Use ◽  
Antibiotic Usage ◽  
The Past ◽  
History Of ◽  
Neisseria Gonorrhea ◽  
Sex With Men ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Susceptibility Status ◽  
Commensal Neisseria

Abstract Background Neisseria gonorrhea (NG) has a long history of gaining resistance to nearly all antimicrobials used for treatment since the 1930s, which makes susceptibility to last-line cephalosporins of dire importance. Horizontal gene transmission is highly prevalent among the Neisseria genus, with genetic fragments from common commensal Neisseria having been found in resistant NG strains. Globally, NG disproportionately affects men-who-have-sex-with-men (MSM) and nearly all ceftriaxone-resistant cases have been reported from pharyngeal samples. Our study aims to assess the impact of antibiotic usage on the antimicrobial susceptibility of oropharyngeal Neisseria spp. Methods MSM from Hanoi, Vietnam, were surveyed regarding antibiotic usage. Pharyngeal swabs were collected and cultured on chocolate and modified-Thayer–Martin agar. Neisseria spp. were subcultured, identified using MALDI-TOF, and antimicrobial susceptibility determined by E-test using NG CLSI MIC breakpoints to ciprofloxacin (CIP), cefixime (CFM), ceftriaxone (CRO), and cefpodoxime (CPD). Results The 225 MSM surveyed were young (mean age 23.9 years, std 4.4). In the past 6 months: 41.6% participants used any antibiotics, among whom 62.4% did not have a prescription; 6.6% used CFM (16.4% more were unsure), among whom 55.6% did not have a prescription; and 4.5% received CRO. From 72 swabs, 102 Neisseria isolates were obtained; N. flavescens (n = 59), N. perflava (n = 14), N. macacae (n = 8), N. sublfava (n = 7), N. gonorrhoeae (n = 5), N. mucosa (n = 3), N. meningitides (n = 3), N. cinerea (n = 2), and N. lactamica (n = 1). 
“Reduced susceptibility” status for any Neisseria spp. was 35.3, 10, 8, and 30% to CIP, CFM, CRO, and CPD, respectively; 61.8% were “resistant” to CIP. MSM who took any antibiotics in the past 6 months were almost twice as likely to have Neisseria spp. with reduced susceptibility to cephalosporins (CFM, CRO, or CPD), RR 1.8 (95% CI 1.1–3.2; P = 0.026) compared with non-antibiotic users. Conclusion Many MSM in Hanoi used antibiotics recently, often without a prescription. Antibiotic use was associated with antimicrobial “reduced susceptibility” of commensal Neisseria spp. to cephalosporins, possibly potentiating resistance acquisition by NG. Disclosures All authors: No reported disclosures.

scholarly journals Changes in regional meteorology induced by anthropogenic heat and their impacts on air quality in South China

2016 ◽  
Vol 16 (23) ◽  
pp. 15011-15031 ◽  
Author(s):  
Min Xie ◽  
Kuanguang Zhu ◽  
Tijian Wang ◽  
Wen Feng ◽  
Da Gao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Air Quality ◽  
Wind Speed ◽  
South China ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Air Pollutants ◽  
Surface Wind ◽  
Vertical Movement ◽  
Anthropogenic Heat ◽  
Big Cities ◽  
The Impact

Abstract. Anthropogenic heat (AH) emissions from human activities can change the urban circulation and thereby affect the air pollution in and around cities. Based on statistic data, the spatial distribution of AH flux in South China is estimated. With the aid of the Weather Research and Forecasting model coupled with Chemistry (WRF/Chem), in which the AH parameterization is developed to incorporate the gridded AH emissions with temporal variation, simulations for January and July in 2014 are performed over South China. By analyzing the differences between the simulations with and without adding AH, the impact of AH on regional meteorology and air quality is quantified. The results show that the regional annual mean AH fluxes over South China are only 0.87 W m−2, but the values for the urban areas of the Pearl River Delta (PRD) region can be close to 60 W m−2. These AH emissions can significantly change the urban heat island and urban-breeze circulations in big cities. In the PRD city cluster, 2 m air temperature rises by 1.1° in January and over 0.5° in July, the planetary boundary layer height (PBLH) increases by 120 m in January and 90 m in July, 10 m wind speed is intensified to over 0.35 m s−1 in January and 0.3 m s−1 in July, and accumulative precipitation is enhanced by 20–40 % in July. These changes in meteorological conditions can significantly impact the spatial and vertical distributions of air pollutants. Due to the increases in PBLH, surface wind speed and upward vertical movement, the concentrations of primary air pollutants decrease near the surface and increase in the upper levels. But the vertical changes in O3 concentrations show the different patterns in different seasons. The surface O3 concentrations in big cities increase with maximum values of over 2.5 ppb in January, while O3 is reduced at the lower layers and increases at the upper layers above some megacities in July. This phenomenon can be attributed to the fact that chemical effects can play a significant role in O3 changes over South China in winter, while the vertical movement can be the dominant effect in some big cities in summer. Adding the gridded AH emissions can better describe the heterogeneous impacts of AH on regional meteorology and air quality, suggesting that more studies on AH should be carried out in climate and air quality assessments.

Earliest historic reference of ’tinnitus’ is controversial

2004 ◽  
Vol 118 (7) ◽  
pp. 487-488 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Dietrich
Keyword(s):  
Ancient Egypt ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Historical Period ◽  
Common Phenomenon ◽  
Original Source ◽  
The Past ◽  
Health History ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Modern Status

Tinnitus, that is defined as ’ringing in the ear’, is and has probably always been a very common phenomenon in the health history of mankind. A variety of pathomechanisms for its onset has been proposed in the past and this trend sees no stopping. Precise pathomechanisms still remain unclear. From the historical point of view, tinnitus is a very interesting topic but there is a lack of scientific enquiries. As its earliest historic reference, the Papyrus Ebers is often cited. By reviewing the original source, however, it is very unlikely that this contains the earliest historic reference of tinnitus. It is rather likely indeed that tinnitus was a known symptom in the ancient Egypt but it has never been exclusively been written down. This article reviews data provided by this fascinating historical period on the questionable reference and highlights the impact of history on the modern status of tinnitus.

Modern Pentecostalism as an Urban Phenomenon: The Case of the Family of God Church in Zimbabwe

Exchange ◽  
2005 ◽  
Vol 34 (4) ◽  
pp. 349-375 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lovemore Togarasei
Keyword(s):  
Urban Areas ◽  
Growth And Development ◽  
Urban Residents ◽  
The Past ◽  
Pentecostal Movement ◽  
Family Of God ◽  
The Family ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Church

AbstractThe past twenty to thirty years in the history of Zimbabwean Christianity have witnessed the emergence of a new breed of Pentecostalism that tends to attract the middle and upper classes urban residents. This paper presentsfindings from a case study of one such movement, the Family of God church. It describes and analyses the origins, growth and development of this church as an urban modern Pentecostal movement. Thefirst section of the paper discusses the origins and development of the church focusing on the life of the founder. The second section focuses on the teaching and practices of the church. The church's doctrines and practices are here analysed tofind out the extent to which these have been influenced by the socio-political and economic challenges in the urban areas. The paper concludes that the modern Pentecostal movement is meant to address urban needs.

scholarly journals ANALYSIS OF NO<sub>2</sub> TROPOSPHERIC COLUMN AMOUNT AT AIRPORTS IN MALAYSIA BEFORE AND DURING COVID-19 PANDEMIC USING SENTINEL-5P TROPOMI DATA

2021 ◽  
Vol XLIII-B3-2021 ◽  
pp. 399-403
Author(s):  
K. D. Kanniah ◽  
N. A. F. Kamarul Zaman ◽  
K. Perumal
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Human Health ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Air Pollutants ◽  
Temporal Variations ◽  
Data Availability ◽  
Spatial And Temporal Patterns ◽  
Movement Restriction ◽  
Motorized Vehicles ◽  
The Impact

Abstract. Air pollution is a serious environmental and health issue in Malaysia due to the recent urbanization processes. The main sources of air pollutants are motorized vehicles in urban areas and airports and industrial activities. At the airports, NO2 is the main pollutant of concern besides aerosols particles, yet gap in data availability prevent studies to describe their patterns and quantify their effects on human health and climate change. In this study NO2 data from TROPOMI sensor on board Sentinel 5-P satellite was used to characterize the spatial and temporal patterns of NO2 tropospheric column amounts at major airports in Malaysia. The results demonstrate that NO2 amounts from aircrafts and ground traffic activities are generally higher and/or similar to the amounts found in urban areas. Total tropospheric column amounts of NO2 during the movement restriction imposed due to Covid-19 pandemic between March and April 2020 was approximately 50% lower the total emission during the same period in 2019 (representing a business as usual period). Assessing the spatial pattern and temporal variations in NO2 (both surface and total vertical profile) is important for monitoring the impact of air pollutants on climate change and human health in Malaysia.

scholarly journals ‘VIPsm’, A Threat to Social Stability in South Africa: From Apartheid Exclusions to Democratized Inequalities

2016 ◽  
Vol 9 (13) ◽  
pp. 6-14
Author(s):  
Mashele Rapatsa
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
Social Stability ◽  
Transformational Leaders ◽  
Human Beings ◽  
Major Goal ◽  
Social Challenges ◽  
The Past ◽  
The Poor ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Impact

AbstractThe object of this article is to present a critical analysis of the impact of the notion of ‘VIPsm’, a phenomenon through which human beings are socially ‘categorized’ or ‘classed’ according to status or wealth or position being held in society. The article is predicated on South Africa’s discernible constitutional pursuit of attaining social stability and equitable social justice. This work is also considerate of the country’s known unpleasant history of apartheid’s acute race-based social exclusions, and in contrast, the post 1994 persistent social and economic inequalities which thus far proliferates material disadvantage, poverty, social discontent and protests amongst citizens. The article employed ‘Transformational Leadership theory ‘and ‘Power and Influence theories’ as tools of analysis, given that the Constitution, 1996 is transformative in nature and thus require ‘transformational leaders’ in order to achieve its major goal of burying wounds of the past, to build one unified nation that is socially stable. It is asserted that social challenges and superfluous differential treatment of humans besieging contemporary South Africa are suggestive of the presence of leadership that is self-centered, opulence driven, and has little or no regard for the poor and thus, disfavor the solidarity principle.

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