scholarly journals Incidence of tuberculosis of bones and joints in Sumy region

2021 ◽  
pp. 95-99
Author(s):  
I.D. Duzhyi ◽  
G.P. Oleshchenko ◽  
K.L. Serdiuk
Keyword(s):  
Negative Consequences ◽  
Tuberculous Spondylitis ◽  
Ability To Work ◽  
Group Iii ◽  
Osteoarticular Tuberculosis ◽  
Group I ◽  
Number Of Patients ◽  
Long Time ◽  
First Time ◽  
Significant Lesion

Bones and joints, among other extrapulmonary organs, are most often affected by tuberculosis. The clinical picture is often «hidden», the diagnosis of the disease is delayed for a long time with all the negative consequences. Objective — to study the trend in the incidence of tuberculosis of the bone and joint localization of the Sumy region residents in recent years and draw the attention of general practitioners to the urgent problem of today. Materials and methods. We analyzed the incidence of tuberculosis of bones and joints of the Sumy region residents during 2007—2019. During this period, 200 patients with osteoarticular tuberculosis registered in the region. Results and discussion. Over the past 13 years, the number of patients with tuberculosis of the bone and joint localization averaged 2.5 % of all newly detected processes. Tuberculosis of the spine (spondylitis) occurred in 119 (59.5 %) patients, specific inflammation of the hip joint in 49 (24.5 %), knee — in 11 (5.5 %), ankle — in 6 (3.0 %). Tuberculosis of other bones and joints was found in 15 (7.5 %) patients, 60 (50.4 %) patients with tuberculous spondylitis were recognized as disabled for the first time. Of these, the group I was found in 19 (31.7 %), II — in 25 (41.7 %), III — in 16 (26.6 %). Conclusions. In recent years, there has been an increase in the proportion of patients with CST among all newly diagnosed patients in the Sumy region. The spine is most often affected by tuberculosis of the bones and joints (59.5 %). At the same time, a significant lesion (3—4 vertebrae) was recorded in 23 (19.3 %) persons, five and more vertebrae — in 19 (16.0 %) patients. Patients with tuberculous spondylitis in 50.4 % of cases permanently lost their ability to work. Most patients of groups I and II of disability and a significant number of patients of group III require surgical intervention; without its implementation, there are irreversible changes in the vertebrae, which lead to increased medical, biological, and social disability.

Video laparoscopic diagnostics and surgical tactics for acute diseases of abdominal organs

2021 ◽  
pp. 17-24
Author(s):  
A. S. Ermolov ◽  
V. T. Samsonov ◽  
P. A. Yartsev ◽  
A. A. Gulyaev
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Diagnosis ◽  
Definitive Diagnosis ◽  
Concomitant Disease ◽  
Group Iii ◽  
Abdominal Organs ◽  
Group I ◽  
Number Of Patients ◽  
Video Laparoscopy ◽  
Surgical Tactics ◽  
Diagnosis Of Diseases

The article presents the results of video laparoscopy (VLS) performed in 2008–2019 in 5,599 patients in order to diagnose acute diseases of the abdominal organs requiring emergency surgery, identify competing and concomitant diseases, and determine treatment tactics. 2,442 (43.6 %) of them made up group I, with no doubt; 2,656 (47.4 %) – II group, with presumptive reliability; and 501 (9.0 %) – group III, with an unclear clinical diagnosis of the disease. In 2,326 (95.2 %) patients of group I with VLS, the clinical diagnosis was confirmed, in 100 (4.1 %) other diseases were revealed, and in 16 (0.7 %) the diagnosis was not established. Competing diseases were found in 8 patients and concomitant diseases in 4. In 1,641 (61.8 %) patients of group II, VLS made it possible to clarify and differentiate the clinical diagnosis of diseases, in 929 (35.0 %) – to identify other diseases, and in 86 (3.2 %) the diagnosis was not possible. When performing differential diagnosis, 126 other diseases were identified more than the number of patients. Competing diseases were found in 6 patients and concomitant diseases in 6 patients. 356 (71.0 %) patients of group III with VLS were diagnosed with major diseases, 75 (15.0 %) had other diseases, and 70 (14.0 %) were not diagnosed. In 4 patients, competing diseases were found, and in 1 – concomitant disease. Of the 5,427 (96.9 %) patients with the definitive diagnosis of the disease established with VLS, 3,828 (70.5 %) were found to be able to perform VLS operations, in 10 (0.3 %) of them – simultaneous with competing diseases.

scholarly journals A comparative study to ascertain the efficacy of intravenous dexmedetomidine versus intravenous tramadol to prevent post-operative shivering after laparoscopic surgery

2019 ◽  
Vol 6 (3) ◽  
pp. 713
Author(s):  
Kishore K. ◽  
Syed Ali Aasim ◽  
Manish Kumar J.
Keyword(s):  
Laparoscopic Surgery ◽  
Side Effects ◽  
Comparative Study ◽  
General Anaesthesia ◽  
Power Number ◽  
Group Iii ◽  
Group I ◽  
Number Of Patients ◽  
Envelope Method ◽  
Level Of Significance

Background: Shivering is commonly encountered both after regional and general anaesthesia (GA) with a little higher incidence in patients receiving GA. The aim of study was to compare the effectiveness of dexmedetomidine and tramadol in decreasing postoperative shivering in patients undergoing laparoscopic surgery.Methods: Total 120 patients were included in this study. In order to get a 5% level of significance and 80% power number of patients required in each group was 40, with a total of 120 patients. Randomization of groups was done based on closed envelope method. Patients were allocated into three groups group I, II and III of 40 patients each. Patients in group I and group II were administered 0.75 μg/kg of dexmedetomidine and 1.5 mg /kg of tramadol in 100 ml NS respectively half a before extubation, while patients in group III did not receive any pharmacological intervention.Results: All three groups were comparable regarding distribution of age, gender, ASA grade and temperature at beginning and end of surgery and were non-significant.Conclusions: Dexmedetomidine seems to possess anti-shivering properties and was found to reduce the occurrence of shivering in patients undergoing general anaesthesia with minimal side effects although its anti-shivering effect was not superior to tramadol.

The transplantation of normal tissues: with special reference to auto- and homotransplants of thyroid and spleen in the anterior chamber of the eye, and subcutaneously, in guinea-pigs

1950 ◽  
Vol 234 (619) ◽  
pp. 559-582 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Guinea Pig ◽  
Anterior Chamber ◽  
Clinical Importance ◽  
Group Iv ◽  
Group Iii ◽  
Normal Tissues ◽  
Group I ◽  
Thyrotrophic Hormone ◽  
Long Time ◽  
Immunological Reactions

The transplantation of tissues raises many yet unsolved problems of fundamental interest, and is of potentially great clinical importance, especially in endocrinology. The present investigation is concerned with three main problems: the immunological reactions associated with the growth of homografts in the anterior chamber of the eye and subcutaneously; the role of the reticulo-endothelial system in the resistance to homografts; and the applicability of Halsted’s principle to auto- and homografts of endocrine tissue, and the mechanism involved. Four groups of experiments are described. In group I, a preliminary study of auto- and homografts of thyroid in the guinea-pig, it is shown that, if a total thyroid deficiency is produced in the host, autografts are uniformly successful both in the anterior chamber and subcutaneously, whereas homografts are usually successful in the anterior chamber but rarely so when made subcutaneously. Halsted’s principle holds good for anterior chamber grafts whether auto- or homografts, i.e. the proportion of successful grafts increases pari passu with the degree of thyroid deficiency produced in the host, but appears to be less applicable to subcutaneous autografts. Some light is thrown on the mechanism of Halsted’s principle by the observation that successful anterior chamber grafts can be obtained in non-thyroidectomized hosts if injections of pituitary thyrotrophic hormone are given. The experiments of group II are concerned with the immunological phenomena relating to thyroid homografts. It is shown that a subcutaneous homograft of thyroid in the guinea-pig is demonstrably antigenic and the same is true of a homograft in the anterior chamber provided this is undergoing destruction. The state of immunity induced is general and extends to the anterior chamber. The existence of a state of immunity induced by a homograft is shown by the diminished chance of a subsequent homograft ‘taking’, but ‘immunization’ (by means of a subcutaneous graft) of an animal which already has a homograft established in the anterior chamber does not appear to modify the behaviour of the latter. In group III it is shown that a homograft transferred after some months from the anterior chamber to a subcutaneous site is more likely to survive than a primary subcutaneous homograft. It thus appears that when a homograft is established in the anterior chamber for a sufficiently long time a process of adaptation occurs as between graft and host. The experiments of group IV relate to the behaviour of auto- and homografts of spleen in the anterior chamber, and of simultaneous thyroid and splenic grafts. It is shown that the chances of success of a thyroid homograft in the anterior chamber are greatly reduced if the latter is provided with reticulo-endothelial tissue in the shape of a simultaneous autograft of spleen, but that a simultaneous homograft of spleen from the same donor has little or no deleterious effect. The mechanism of this phenomenon has not been fully elucidated but would appear to be either cellular, humoral or a combination of the two.

scholarly journals Epidemiological aspects of nephrolithiasis and chronic diseases of the cardiovascular system combination

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 38-47
Author(s):  
R. V. Royuk ◽  
S. K. Yarovoy ◽  
N. A. Guseva ◽  
Sh. L. Voskanyan ◽  
V. V. Royuk ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heart Failure ◽  
Coronary Heart Disease ◽  
Congestive Heart Failure ◽  
Heart Disease ◽  
Cardiovascular Diseases ◽  
Arterial Hypertension ◽  
Kidney Stones ◽  
Group Iii ◽  
Group I ◽  
First Time

Purpose of the study. To analyze prevalence and characteristics of the cardiovascular diseases (CVD) in patients with urolithiasis, revealed for the first timeMaterials and methods. In a period between 2009 and 2018, was made a retrospective analysis of medical histories of 2311 patients with urolithiasis, which were treated in in the urology departments of the branch No. 1 of the MCHG named after N.N. Burdenko (n=1487) and GBUZ MO Krasnogorsk City Hospital No. 1 (n=824). In 67,6% of the cases (1562 patients) the diagnosis of urolithiasis was diagnosed for the first time on admission. Isolated urolithiasis was recorded in 676 cases (43,3%), in other 154 cases (9,8%) nephrolithiasis was combined with different variants of cardiovascular diseases (CVD) and diabetes. From 732 respondents with urolithiasis and associated cardiovascular diseases (CVD), were formed 3 groups, in the first group (I) were included patients (n=363) with hypertension and arterial hypertension: the second group (II; n=79) was formed from patients with isolated coronary heart disease. In the third group (III) were included 290 patients which had urolithiasis combined with hypertension, arterial hypertension and coronary heart disease. The stages of hypertension and degree of expression of arterial hypertension were given according to the recommendations of Russian science society of cardiology (2004). Stages of congestive heart failure were defined according to c NYHA (New York Heart Association) classification. Functional class of stable angina was defined according to Canadian Cardiovascular Society classification (1970,1976). The obtained data was analyzed using descriptive statistics methods.Results. Average age of patients was 65,4 +– 3,27; 78% of the patients were men. On an emergency basis were hospitalized 30,9% from group I, 27,6% from group 2, and 31,3% from group III. In group I more often were recorded hypertension I + arterial hypertension I (32,5%) and hypertension II + arterial hypertension II (40,2%). In group II effort angina was recorded in 30 cases (38%). Congestive heart failure occurred among 153 patients (20,9%); most often it occurred among patients from III – in 102 cases (35,2%). In the whole sample, congestive heart failure of I and II degrees prevailed – in 88 (12%) and 57 (7,9%) patients. Kidney stones were found in 59,4% of patients, in the ureters – in 30,9% of patients, in kidneys and in the ureters – in 9,9% of patients. Share of the patients with kidney stones in the shape of corals is 3,4% of the whole sample. Average sizes of kidney stones of the patients with congestive heart failure are 9,2–11,8 mm which is different from the sizes in whole sample – 6,9–9,5 mm.Conclusion. During the observation period, share of the patients with first time revealed urolithiasis, complicated with the cardiovascular diseases (CVD) increased in 1,9 times (16,7 versus 31,7%). Congestive heart failure, which was registered in 20,9% of patients, was charged with I and II degrees. The presence chronic cardiovascular diseases (CVD), especially complicated by congestive heart failure in patients with first time revealed nephrolithiasis, implies changes in the algorithms of metaphylactic of nephrolithiasis (regime of water loads, selection of diuretics and anticoagulants).

scholarly journals Early diagnosis and misdiagnosis of Glaucoma

2016 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ghulam Sabir
Keyword(s):  
Intraocular Pressure ◽  
Early Diagnosis ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
Visual Fields ◽  
Fundus Examination ◽  
Group Iii ◽  
Group I ◽  
Initial Stage ◽  
Diagnosis Method ◽  
First Time

Aim: To recognize and draw a line between glaucomatous and non glaucomatous patients at very early stage. Objects: Such silent dangerous ocular problem must be recognized and treated at very initial stage to avoid subsequent complications. Diagnosis: History and all the parameters including intraocular pressure, vision, visual fields and fundus examination were evaluated for diagnosis. Method of study: The study was done at General Hospital and Services Hospital Lahore from 1987 to early 1991. All the patients over the age of 40 year whether coming for first time or already on antiglaucoma treatment were evaluated thoroughly. Patients were examined by senior colleagues also. Results: Total 180 patients were included in study, 120 males 60 females. They were divided into four groups. Group I and II were diagnosed early and included 120 patients with no complications. Group-III and IV were misdiagnosed and included 60 patients. Discussion Until and unless, special care is taken to focus on the diagnosis, it is usually missed with many complications. It is only the casual behaviour of treating physician who considers the patient`s complaint lightly and examines them superficially. Conclusion: Although misdiagnosed cases are relatively less than truly misdiagnosed cases of glaucoma yet they form an important fraction of patients who may go blind within coming years. It is therefore necessary to diagnose such patients at very early stage. The surgeon should take special interest to diagnose such patients. One should not hesitate to consult senior colleagues in doubtful cases. Proper counseling for non cooperative patients is very necessary.

scholarly journals The Effects Of Heavy Metals On The Morphological And Biochemical Composition Of The Blood Of Young Cattle Taking Into Account Of Breed Features

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rustem B. Temiraev ◽  
Yusup A. Yuldashbaev ◽  
Susanna K. Cherchesova ◽  
Sofia F. Lamarton ◽  
Valentina S. Gappoeva ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Bone Tissue ◽  
Biochemical Composition ◽  
Group Iii ◽  
Black And White ◽  
Group I ◽  
White Breed ◽  
Long Time ◽  
Young Cattle ◽  
Cadmium Lead

AbstractHeavy metals can selectively accumulate in certain organs and remain in them for a long time. As a result, the accumulation of metal in one or another organ may cause strongest intoxication of the animal. The purpose of the research is to study the morphological and biochemical composition of the blood of young cattle of different breeds of the dairy and dairy-and-beef direction of productivity fed in the technogenic zone in the RNO-Alania diets with a high content of heavy metals. According to the principle of analogues, taking into account the breed, origin, age, sex and body weight, 4 groups of 10 animals each of different breed were formed: Group I - black and white, Group II - Danish Red, Group III - Swiss, and Group IV - Simmental. The experimental material was statistically processed using the Microsoft Excel software for mathematical analysis. With a tendency of unreliable differences in morphological indices of blood, in diminishing numbers of erythrocytes and hemoglobin, the test breeds should be arranged in the following order: Simmental → Swiss → Red Danish → Black and White. At the same time, as compared to the animals of the black-and-white breed, the young cattle of the Simmental breed showed the best level of intermediate metabolism, which resulted in an increase in total protein and sugar in the blood, which indicates an improvement in their protein and energy metabolism; an increase in the content of albumin in the liquid internal medium and γ-globulins;an increase inconcentration oftotal lipids in serum, respectively, while reducing the level of cholesterol, which indicates an improvement fat metabolism in animals; a significant (P <0.05) decrease in blood saturation with cadmium, lead and zinc, respectively, by 26.8, 48.8 and 30.6%. The highest content of these elements was noted in the wool, then in decreasing order: in bone tissue → liver → muscle tissue → lungs → kidneys. Moreover, between the level of heavy metals in muscles, liver and lungs, on the one hand, and in the wool, bone tissue and kidneys, on the other hand, there was an inversely proportional relationship.

scholarly journals Insertional Mutagenesis of a Fungal Biocontrol Agent Led to Discovery of a Rare Cellobiose Lipid with Antifungal Activity

2003 ◽  
Vol 69 (5) ◽  
pp. 2595-2602 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yali Cheng ◽  
David J. McNally ◽  
Caroline Labbé ◽  
Normand Voyer ◽  
François Belzile ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Insertional Mutagenesis ◽  
Biocontrol Agent ◽  
Solid Phase ◽  
Antagonistic Effect ◽  
Group Iv ◽  
Active Metabolites ◽  
Group Iii ◽  
Group I ◽  
Multiple Copies ◽  
First Time

ABSTRACT Insertional mutagenesis was applied for the first time to a fungal biocontrol agent, Pseudozyma flocculosa, in an attempt to obtain mutants with altered antagonistic properties. Transformants were obtained via DNA-mediated transformation. Molecular analyses of the transformants revealed that multiple copies of the plasmid were integrated in tandem at one to many chromosomal loci. The transformants were screened for their biocontrol properties using standard bioassays, and the 160 tested transformants were classified into four groups: group I mutants (22 transformants) showed a stronger antagonistic effect than the wild type (WT) while those of group II (107 transformants) had a comparable antagonistic effect; group III mutants (17 transformants) had a decreased antagonistic effect relative to WT and group IV mutants (14 transformants) had lost their biocontrol properties. Culture extracts of the mutants (group IV) and WT were analyzed and compared for the presence of active metabolites which were then separated by solid-phase extraction and purified using conventional methods. Nuclear magnetic resonance experiments and analytical studies on a metabolite specifically produced by the WT revealed the presence of 2-(2′,4′-diacetoxy-5′-carboxy-pentanoyl) octadecyl cellobioside (flocculosin), a novel glycolipid with strong antifungal properties; the production of this compound would account for the biocontrol activity of P. flocculosa.

scholarly journals AB0797 THE ROLE OF ULTRASOUND CRITERIA IN ASSESSING PAIN SYNDROME IN THE KNEE JOINT IN PATIENTS WITH RHEUMATOID ARTHRITIS AND OSTEOARTHRITIS

2021 ◽  
Vol 80 (Suppl 1) ◽  
pp. 1423.1-1423
Author(s):  
N. Aleksandrova ◽  
A. Aleksandrov
Keyword(s):  
Rheumatoid Arthritis ◽  
Knee Joint ◽  
Synovial Membrane ◽  
Pain Syndrome ◽  
Synovial Proliferation ◽  
Group Iii ◽  
Joint Cavity ◽  
Group I ◽  
Number Of Patients ◽  
Group Ii

Background:Pain syndrome and pathological changes in the synovium detected by ultrasound can be early signs of various diseases of the joints [1].Objectives:the use of ultrasound criteria for changes in the synovial membrane of the joint cavity to assess the severity of pain in patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and osteoarthritis (OA).Methods:The study included 36 patients with RA (32 women and 4 men aged 22 to 55 years old) and 38 patients with OA (30 women and 8 men aged 30 to 50 years old) with lesions of the knee joints. A visual analogue scale (VAS) was used to determine the severity of pain. The severity of pain in the knee when walking was at least 40 mm according to the VAS in all examined patients. Joint ultrasound examination was carried out according to the standard technique using a linear transducer with a frequency of 5–12 MHz on an Accuvix V10 ultrasound diagnostic system (Samsung Medison, South Korea). The evaluation of ultrasound changes in the upper inversion of a knee joint was carried out according to the following criteria: the severity of intra-articular effusion (1), synovial proliferation (2), local vascularization of the synovial membrane using power Doppler (3) (Table 1).Table 1.Parameters of ultrasound criteria for assessing changes in the synovial membrane of the joint cavityNormal indicators1 - width of the suprapatellar turn is 6 mm2 - thickness of the synovial membrane is 3 mm (from the anterior approach)3 - lack of vascularization lociMinimum changes1 - delamination of the suprapatellar curl leaves from 7 to 9 mm2 - thickness of the synovial membrane 3.1–4.5 mm3 - appearance of single loci of vascularization (1-2 in the Doppler field)Moderate changes1 - delamination of the leaves of the suprapatellar twist 10-14 mm2 - thickness of the synovial membrane is 4.6–6.4 mm3 - appearance of moderate (> 5) vascularization lociSevere changes1 - delamination of suprapatellar folds of more than 15 mm2 - thickness of the synovial membrane is more than 6.5 mm3 - multiple foci of vascularization (> 5, merging in places)Results:Correlations of various severity were found between pain indices according to VAS and the thickness of the synovial membrane of the knee joint (r = 0.33, p = 0.019) and the number of vascularization foci (rS = 0.29, p = 0.04) in RA patients, as well as between pain according to VAS and the severity of intra-articular effusion (r = 0.28, p <0.002) in patients with OA.The patients were divided into three groups according to the severity of pain in the knee joint: group I - 41-59 mm (12 patients with OA and 9 patients with RA), group II - 60-79 mm (16 patients with OA and 12 patients with RA), group III - 80–100 mm on the VAS scale (10 patients with OA and 15 patients with RA). Group I was dominated by OA patients with minimal changes in intra-articular effusion and local vascularization of the synovial membrane, with moderate synovial proliferation (28.6% of the total number of patients in the group). In group II patients with OA with moderate severity of intra-articular effusion and local vascularization (21.4%) and patients with RA with moderate changes in the thickness of the synovium and local vascularization (25%) were equally common. Group III was dominated by RA patients with severe synovial proliferation and moderate local vascularization (28%), as well as patients with OA with moderate intra-articular effusion (20%).Significant differences in the thickness of the synovium in patients with RA in the first and third groups were noted (H-test = 5.9, p = 0.025).Conclusion:The additional use of ultrasound criteria for changes observed in the synovial membrane of the joint cavity in patients with RA and OA can help predict pain in the knee joint. The manifestation of pain syndrome in patients with OA is most associated with the severity of synovitis in the joint, and in patients with RA - with the severity of synovial proliferation.References:[1]Sarmanova A et al. Arthritis Res Ther. 2017;19(1):281.Disclosure of Interests:None declared

scholarly journals Effect of Smoking on Pathological Grade and Stage in Clinically Low-Risk Patients

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ercan Öğreden ◽  
Ural Oğuz ◽  
Erhan Demirelli ◽  
Orhan Yalçın
Keyword(s):  
Bladder Tumor ◽  
Low Risk ◽  
Low Grade ◽  
Group I ◽  
Number Of Patients ◽  
Risk Patients ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Group Ii ◽  
First Time ◽  
Single Lesion

AbstractWe investigated the effect of cigarette smoking on pathological staging in clinically low-risk patients. Data of 59 patients who were diagnosed with bladder tumor for the first time and had a single lesion radiologically and endoscopically smaller than 3 cm were investigated retrospectively. 33 patients who smoked were classified as Group I, and 26 patients who did not smoke were classified as Group II. Pathological diagnoses of the patients in both groups were compared. The mean age of the patients were 64.8 (20&ndash;86) years. In Group II, 5 (19.2%) were female and 21 (80.8%) were male (p &lt; 0.05). Nine patients (27.3%) in Group I and 18 patients (69.2%) in Group II had Ta disease (p &lt; 0.05). Nineteen patients (57.6%) in Group I and 5 patients (19.2%) in Group II had T1 disease (p &lt; 0.05). The number of patients with low grade (LG) tumor were 8 (24.2%) and 19 (73.1%) in Group I and in Group II, respectively (p &lt; 0.05). The number of patients with high grade(HG) tumor were 25 (75.8%) and 7 (26.9%) in Group I and in Group II, respectively (p &lt; 0.05). TaHG was detected in 9 (27.3%) patients in Group I. In contrast, no patients in Group II had TaHG disease (p &lt; 0.05). The number of patients with T1HG was 17(51.5%) patients in Group I and 2 (7.69%) patients in Group II (p &lt; 0.05). Smoking is associated with pathologically HG and stage in patients with first time bladder tumor which is single and smaller than 3 cm.

scholarly journals Lymphoproliferative and Cytokine Responses to Cryptosporidium parvum in Patients Coinfected with C. parvum and Human Immunodeficiency Virus

2008 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
pp. 116-121 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kirti Kaushik ◽  
Sumeeta Khurana ◽  
Ajay Wanchu ◽  
Nancy Malla
Keyword(s):  
Human Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
Cryptosporidium Parvum ◽  
Positive Group ◽  
Group Iii ◽  
Cytokine Responses ◽  
Group I ◽  
Number Of Patients ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
Hiv Seropositive

ABSTRACT We compared the lymphoproliferative and cytokine responses to Cryptosporidium parvum in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-seropositive and -seronegative patients. The lymphoproliferative and cytokine responses (interleukin-2 [IL-2], IL-4, IL-5, IL-10, gamma interferon, and tumor necrosis factor alpha) were assessed for 11 HIV-seropositive, Cryptosporidium-positive (group I) patients; 20 HIV-seropositive, Cryptosporidium-negative (group II) patients; 10 HIV-seronegative, Cryptosporidium-positive (group III) patients, including four post-renal transplant (group IIIa) and 6 presumably immunocompetent (group IIIb) patients; and 20 HIV-seronegative, Cryptosporidium-negative healthy individuals (group IV). No significant difference was observed in the number of patients showing positive lymphoproliferative responses in group I compared to group III (post-renal transplant [group IIIa] or immunocompetent [group IIIb]) patients, while a comparison of the median stimulation indices shows that responses were significantly lower in Cryptosporidium-infected, immunosuppressed (group I and IIIa) patients than in immunocompetent (group IIIb) patients. The number of patients showing positive responses and median stimulation indices was significantly higher for Cryptosporidium-infected (HIV-seropositive and -seronegative) individuals than for uninfected individuals, suggesting that Cryptosporidium induces significant in vitro lymphoproliferative responses in infected individuals. Cytokine levels, except for that of IL-5, were significantly higher in Cryptosporidium-infected (groups I and III) individuals than in uninfected (groups II and IV) individuals. There was no significant difference between the group I and III patients and between Cryptosporidium-infected immunosuppressed (group I or IIIa) and immunocompetent (group IIIb) patients.

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