The Construction of an Ideal Mother amid the Covid 19 Pandemic: Gender Injustice Experienced by Career Women while Working From Home

During the COVID-19 pandemic, all activities must be carried out at home, whether working, studying, or worshiping. Working from home is currently known as WFH (Work From Home). WFH seems to be something they want and expects for workers who are still active outside the home. But what about the WFH actors themselves? The media, through their articles, have written a lot about the story of working mothers who are doing WFH. This discussion becomes intriguing when the construction of the ideal mother remains on patriarchal ideology, causing gender inequality. This paper uses a critical discourse analysis method by collecting articles about women who continue to carry out their roles as career women during the WFH period. Seventy-two articles appear in the google search engine when looking for WFH mothers during the covid 19 pandemics. However, from 72 articles, there are only 19 articles that talk about the stories of women who are doing WFH, tips and tricks on being a mother during WFH. In the article, the media constructs the ideal mother figure during the covid 19 pandemics. The ideal mother figure described by the media is a mother as a husband's servant, financial regulator, educator, child caretaker, and career woman. The construction of an ideal mother during this pandemic must carry out the four identities that are attached to her at once. The form of this identity is influenced by the ideology that coexists in society. These ideologies are patriarchal culture, ibuism, and capitalism. Masa pandemi covid 19 menyebabkan semua kegiatan harus dilakukan di dalam rumah, baik bekerja, belajar maupun beribadah. Bekerja di dalam rumah saat ini dikenal dengan istilah WFH (Work From Home). Bagi para pekerja yang masih terus beraktivitas di luar rumah, WFH seolah menjadi suatu hal yang diinginkan dan diharapkan. Namun bagaimana bagi pelaku WFH itu sendiri? Media melalui artikelnya banyak menulis tentang kisah ibu pekerja yang sedang melakukan WFH. Pembahasan ini menjadi menarik ketika ranah public dipaksa untuk dijalankan di ruang domestik. Tulisan ini menggunakan metode analisis wacana kritis dengan mengumpulkan artikel tentang ibu rumah tangga yang tetap menjalankan peran sebagai wanita karier selama masa WFH. Ada 72 artikel yang muncul dalam mesin pencari google ketika mencari ibu WFH masa pandemi covid 19. Namun dari 72 artikel hanya terdapat 19 artikel yang berbicara tentang curhatan para ibu rumah tangga yang sedang melakukan WFH, tips dan trik menjadi ibu selama WFH. Dalam artikel tersebut, media membentuk identitas mengenai sosok ibu ideal di tengah pandemi covid 19. Sosok motherhood tersebut adalah ibu sebagai pelayan suami, pengatur keuangan, pendidik dan pengasuh anak, dan sebagai wanita karier. Seorang ibu ideal di tengah pandemi ini harus bisa menjalankan empat identitas yang telah melekat pada dirinya sekaligus. Pembentukan identitas tersebut dipengaruhi oleh ideologi yang ada pada masyarakat. Ideologi tersebut adalah budaya patriarkhi, ibuisme dan kapitalisme.

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Wacana Perbedaan Gender Dalam Artikel Pendidikan Seks Remaja (Analisis Wacana Kritis Artikel Seksualitas Majalah Hai Edisi 1995-2004)

Jurnal Komunikasi ◽

10.24912/jk.v10i1.519 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 10 (1) ◽

pp. 48

Author(s):

Muria Endah Sokowati

Keyword(s):

Gender Differences ◽

Critical Discourse Analysis ◽

Sex Education ◽

Sexual Attraction ◽

Social Institutions ◽

Critical Discourse ◽

Sexual Roles ◽

The Media ◽

Relationship Of ◽

The Ideal

Adolescence is a social category considered as apolitical, hedonist, consumptive, and uncritical. They often become the object of socialization and education of morality from adult. Many social institutions, including the media have subjugated their desire in the name of sex education. Hai magazine-segmented its product for teenage boys-displayed sexual contents for sex education in its articles. In those articles, Hai magazine has presented information relating to dominant sexual norms. This paper focuses on how Hai magazine has built discourse of gender differences in its articles. Using critical discourse analysis, the researcher revealed the attempt of Hai magazine to construct the ideal relationship of teenage boys and girls. The construction cannot be separated from the politics of Hai magazine to accommodate the parents’ interest following sexual normative and conservative discourse. At the same time, Hai also supports sexual liberalism discourse, which becomes the part of media interest as cultural industry. As a result, Hai magazine has performed ambivalence idea of gender differences. The ambivalence is indicated from the idea of sexual attraction, the division of sexual roles, and emphatic strategy. Remaja adalah kategori sosial yang bersifat apolitis, hedonis, konsumtif dan tidak kritis. Untuk itu remaja kerap menjadi objek sosialisasi dan edukasi soal moralitas oleh orang dewasa. Penundukan hasrat remaja atas nama pendidikan seks banyak dilakukan oleh berbagai institusi sosial, termasuk media. Majalah Hai sebagai majalah yang ditujukan untuk remaja laki-laki menampilkan konten-konten seks dengan tujuan edukasi seks di dalam artikel-artikelnya. Dalam artikel tersebut, majalah Hai menyajikan informasi yang berkaitan dengan norma seks yang dipahami oleh mayoritas masyarakat. Tulisan ini secara khusus memfokuskan pada bagaimana Hai membangun wacana tentang perbedaan gender yang terdapat dalam artikel-artikel seksualitas yang bertemakan relasi laki-laki dan perempuan. Lewat metode analisis wacana kritis, peneliti menyingkap adanya upaya majalah Hai untuk mengkontruksi relasi laki-laki dan perempuan yang dianggap ideal. Konstruksi tersebut tidak dilepaskan dari politik majalah Hai untuk mengakomodasi kepentingan orang tua yang menganut paham seksualitas yang normatif dan konservatif sekaligus mendukung paham liberalisme seksual yang menjadi bagian dari kepentingan media sebagai industri budaya. Akibatnya majalah Hai menampilkan gagasan perbedaan gender yang ambivalen. Ambivalensi tersebut terlihat dalam gagasan majalah Hai tentang daya tarik seksual, pembagian peran secara seksual dan strategi empati.

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The Media Conspiracy Behind the Death of Diana, Princess Of Wales: A Study of Critical Discourse Analysis

Metahumaniora ◽

10.24198/mh.v7i2.18830 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 7 (2) ◽

pp. 56

Author(s):

Indah Mustika Santhi

Keyword(s):

Discourse Analysis ◽

Critical Discourse Analysis ◽

Qualitative Method ◽

Critical Discourse ◽

Daily Mail ◽

Daily Newspapers ◽

Analysis Theory ◽

The Media ◽

Material Process ◽

Social Level

ABSTRAKPenelitian ini berjudul “The Media Conspiracy Behind the Death of Diana, Princessof Wales: A Study of Critical Discourse Analysis”. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menjelaskanbagaimana kematian Putri Diana direpresentasikan oleh The Daily Mail dalam artikelartikelpemberitaannya melalui dimensi tekstual dan juga memaparkan cara pandang TheDaily Mail sebagai pelaku media konspirasi pada praktik kerjanya terkait berita kematianPutri Diana dalam dimensi sosiokultural. Objek penelitian ini adalah The Daily Mail, salahsatu tabloid harian terbesar di Inggris. Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalahmetode kualitatif, analisis deskriptif. Penulis menggunakan teori analisis wacana kritisFairclough (1995), disertai dengan beberapa teori pendukung lainnya, seperti teori klausasebagai representasi Halliday (2004), teori konspirasi Feaster (2008), Birchall (2006),Barkun (2003), Hodapp dan von Kannun (2008). Hasil dari penelitian ini menunjukkanbahwa representasi kematian Putri Diana dalam dimensi tekstual didapat melalui prosesmaterial, proses mental, proses relasional, proses verbal, dan proses eksistensial yangterdapat dalam artikel-artikel The Daily Mail. Sementara itu, cara pandang The Daily Mailsebagai pelaku media konspirasi atas berita kematian Putri Diana didapat melalui prosestataran sosial, tataran institusional, tataran sosial pada dimensi praktik sosiokultural.Kata Kunci: Transitivitas, Analisis Wacana Kritis, Media konspirasi.ABSTRACTThis thesis is entitled “The Media Conspiracy Behind the Death of Diana, Princessof Wales: A Study of Critical Discourse Analysis”. This thesis is aimed to describe therepresentation of Princess Diana’s death and The Daily Mail’s perspective as a mediaconspiracy actor through textual and sociocultural dimension. The object of this thesis isThe Daily Mail, one of the widest national daily newspapers in England. The method that isused in this thesis is a qualitative method, a descriptive analytic method. The writer uses thecritical discourse analysis theory of Fairclough (1995) and some other supported theories,such as clause as representation theory by Halliday (2004), the conspiracy theory by Feaster(2008), Birchall (2006), Barkun (2003), Hodapp and von Kannun (2008). The result of thisresearch shows that the representation in textual dimension that appear on Princess Diana’sdeath is derived from material process, mental process, relational process, verbal process, andexistential process. While The Daily Mail’s perspective on Princess Diana’s death is derivedfrom situational level, institutional level and social level of sociocultural practice dimension.Keywords: Transitivity, Critical Discourse Analysis, Media Conspiracy.

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Media Representation of the Pandemic: a Metaphorical Image of War (based on American Newspapers)

Nauchnyy dialog ◽

10.24224/2227-1295-2020-8-69-83 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 1 (8) ◽

pp. 69-83

Author(s):

N. S. Dankova ◽

E. V. Krekhtunova

Keyword(s):

Critical Discourse Analysis ◽

Media Coverage ◽

Critical Discourse ◽

Media Representation ◽

Martial Law ◽

War Zone ◽

Mass Consciousness ◽

The Media ◽

Coronavirus Infection ◽

Theoretical Foundations

The article is devoted to the study of the media representation features of the situation of coronavirus infection spread. The material was articles published in American newspapers. It is shown that the metaphorical model "War" is widely used in media coverage of the pandemic. The relevance of the work is due to the ability of the media to influence the mass consciousness. The methodological basis of the research is formed by critical discourse analysis, which establishes the connection between language and social reality. The article provides an overview of works devoted to the study of metaphor. The theoretical foundations for the study of metaphorical modeling are given. In the course of the analysis, the linguistic means of updating the metaphorical model "War" were revealed. The authors note that this metaphorical model is represented by such frames as “War and its characteristics”, “Participants in military action”, “War zone”, “Enemy actions”, “Confronting the enemy”. It is shown that modern reality is presented in the media as martial law, the coronavirus is positioned in the media as a cruel and merciless enemy seeking to take over the world, the treatment of the disease is represented as a fight against the enemy. It is concluded that the use of the metaphorical model "War" is one of the ways to conceptualize the spread of coronavirus.

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SEMINAL BREAKTHROUGH IN TACTILE PICTOGRAM DESIGN FOR VISUALLY IMPAIRED IN TRAIN STATION

ULTIMART Jurnal Komunikasi Visual ◽

10.31937/ultimart.v13i2.1841 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 13 (2) ◽

pp. 55-60

Author(s):

Fariz Fadhlillah

Keyword(s):

Public Transportation ◽

Visually Impaired ◽

Great Opportunity ◽

Train Station ◽

Impaired Ability ◽

Semiotic Approach ◽

The Media ◽

Impaired Person ◽

Pictorial Form ◽

The Ideal

One of the ideal public transportation facilities for the visually impaired in daily activities is trains. To be used at maximum, there is a need for communicative media to support the independence of orientation and mobility for the visually impaired in the train station. The media plays a role in supporting visually impaired individuals to know where they are, where to go, and how to reach the destination. The previous result regarding visually impaired ability to identify pictorial form which is designed with Primadi Tabrani’s ancient visual language semiotic approach shows a great opportunity for a pictogram to be the solution. However, the challenge is how to make the visually impaired person understand the meaning description that has been designed into tactile pictogram by touch. Basic consideration in designing process is the clarity of visual form when being touched, which is influenced by the way the shape is drawn and the tactile height

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Madrasas and the Making of Islamic Womanhood

10.1093/oso/9780199484225.001.0001 ◽

2018 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Hem Borker

Keyword(s):

Religious Institutions ◽

Marriage Education ◽

Women's Participation ◽

Women's Lives ◽

The Media ◽

Education And Employment ◽

A Site ◽

Anthropological Literature ◽

Educational Journeys ◽

The Ideal

This ethnography provides a theoretically informed account of the educational journeys of students in girls’ madrasas in India. It focuses on the unfolding of young women’s lives as they journey from home to madrasa and beyond. Using a series of ethnographic portraits and bringing together the analytical concepts of community, piety, and aspiration, it highlights the fluidity of the essences of the ideal pious Muslim woman. It illustrates how the madrasa becomes a site where the ideals of Islamic womanhood are negotiated in everyday life. At one level, girls value and adopt practices taught in the madrasa as essential to the practice of piety (amal). At another level, there is a more tactical aspect to cultivating one’s identity as a madrasa-educated Muslim girl. The girls invoke the virtues of safety, modesty, and piety learnt in the madrasa to reconfigure conventional social expectations around marriage, education, and employment. This becomes more apparent in the choices exercised by the girls after leaving the madrasa, highlighted in this book through narratives of madrasa alumni pursuing higher education at a central university in Delhi. The focus on journeys of girls over a period of time, in different contexts, complicates the idealized and coherent notions of piety presented by anthropological literature on women’s participation in Islamic piety projects. Further, the educational stories of girls challenge the media and public representations of madrasas in India, which tend to caricature them as outmoded religious institutions with little relevance to the educational needs of modernizing India. Mapping madrasa students’ personal journeys of becoming educated while leading pious lives allows us to see how these young women are reconfiguring notions of Islamic womanhood.

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Impact of media components from different suppliers on enterokinase productivity in Pichia pastoris

BMC Biotechnology ◽

10.1186/s12896-021-00681-y ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 21 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Ján Krahulec ◽

Martin Šafránek

Keyword(s):

Recombinant Proteins ◽

Fermentation Process ◽

High Impact ◽

Production Level ◽

Media Component ◽

Component Supplier ◽

The Media ◽

The Difference ◽

Optimisation Procedure ◽

The Ideal

Abstract Background The aim of this study was to provide an information about the homogeneity on the level of enterokinase productivity in P. pastoris depending on different suppliers of the media components. Results In previous studies, we performed the optimisation process for the production of enterokinase by improving the fermentation process. Enterokinase is the ideal enzyme for removing fusion partners from target recombinant proteins. In this study, we focused our optimization efforts on the sources of cultivation media components. YPD media components were chosen as variables for these experiments. Several suppliers for particular components were combined and the optimisation procedure was performed in 24-well plates. Peptone had the highest impact on enterokinase production, where the difference between the best and worst results was threefold. The least effect on the production level was recorded for yeast extract with a 1.5 fold difference. The worst combination of media components had a activity of only 0.15 U/ml and the best combination had the activity of 0.88 U/ml, i.e., a 5.87 fold difference. A substantially higher impact on the production level of enterokinase was observed during fermentation in two selected media combinations, where the difference was almost 21-fold. Conclusions Results demonstrated in the present study show that the media components from different suppliers have high impact on enterokinase productivity and also provide the hypothesis that the optimization process should be multidimensional and for achieving best results it is important to perform massive process also in terms of the particular media component supplier .

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Sex Dolls in the Swedish Media Discourse: Intimacy, Sexuality, and Technology

Sexuality & Culture ◽

10.1007/s12119-021-09829-6 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Robin Björkas ◽

Mariah Larsson

Keyword(s):

Critical Discourse Analysis ◽

Critical Discourse ◽

Sexual Practices ◽

Media Discourse ◽

Positive Effects ◽

Therapeutic Uses ◽

Broad Variety ◽

The Media ◽

Definition Of ◽

The Relationship

AbstractSex dolls are a complex phenomenon with several diverse possible emotional, sexual and therapeutic uses. They can be part of a broad variety of sexual practices, and also function as a sexual aid. However, the media discourse on sex dolls first and foremost concerns how we perceive the relationship between intimacy and technology. A critical discourse analysis of the Swedish media discourse on sex dolls reveals six themes which dominate the discourse: (a) the definition of what a human being is; (b) a discourse on the (technological and existential) future; (c) a social effort; (d) a loveless phenomenon; (e) men’s violence against women; and (f) pedophilia. Accordingly, this discourse is very conservative and normative in its view of sexuality, technology, and humanity. Overall, the dominant themes do not provide any space for positive effects of technology on human sexuality, and if they do, it is usually as a substitute for something else.

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Working from Home During Covid-19: Doing and Managing Technology-enabled Social Interaction With Colleagues at a Distance

Information Systems Frontiers ◽

10.1007/s10796-021-10182-0 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Banita Lal ◽

Yogesh K. Dwivedi ◽

Markus Haag

Keyword(s):

Social Interaction ◽

Social Interactions ◽

Digital Media ◽

Social Life ◽

Full Time ◽

Work Lives ◽

Work Related ◽

Work From Home ◽

Working From Home ◽

Time Basis

AbstractWith the overnight growth in Working from Home (WFH) owing to the pandemic, organisations and their employees have had to adapt work-related processes and practices quickly with a huge reliance upon technology. Everyday activities such as social interactions with colleagues must therefore be reconsidered. Existing literature emphasises that social interactions, typically conducted in the traditional workplace, are a fundamental feature of social life and shape employees’ experience of work. This experience is completely removed for many employees due to the pandemic and, presently, there is a lack of knowledge on how individuals maintain social interactions with colleagues via technology when working from home. Given that a lack of social interaction can lead to social isolation and other negative repercussions, this study aims to contribute to the existing body of literature on remote working by highlighting employees’ experiences and practices around social interaction with colleagues. This study takes an interpretivist and qualitative approach utilising the diary-keeping technique to collect data from twenty-nine individuals who had started to work from home on a full-time basis as a result of the pandemic. The study explores how participants conduct social interactions using different technology platforms and how such interactions are embedded in their working lives. The findings highlight the difficulty in maintaining social interactions via technology such as the absence of cues and emotional intelligence, as well as highlighting numerous other factors such as job uncertainty, increased workloads and heavy usage of technology that affect their work lives. The study also highlights that despite the negative experiences relating to working from home, some participants are apprehensive about returning to work in the traditional office place where social interactions may actually be perceived as a distraction. The main contribution of our study is to highlight that a variety of perceptions and feelings of how work has changed via an increased use of digital media while working from home exists and that organisations need to be aware of these differences so that they can be managed in a contextualised manner, thus increasing both the efficiency and effectiveness of working from home.

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Motherhood on display: The child welfare exhibition in colonial Calcutta, 1920

The Indian Economic & Social History Review ◽

10.1177/0019464621999308 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 58 (2) ◽

pp. 249-277

Author(s):

Ranjana Saha

Keyword(s):

Child Welfare ◽

Infant Mortality ◽

National Health ◽

Medical Practitioners ◽

Colonial India ◽

Infant Deaths ◽

Infant Welfare ◽

Mother Figure ◽

Central Argument ◽

The Ideal

This article focuses on the Health and Child Welfare Exhibition held in colonial Calcutta in 1920. Despite a few scholarly references, however, there has been no detailed study till date. The vicereines of India launched child welfare exhibitions motivated by the transnational exhibitory baby health week propaganda initiative to curb infant mortality. These exhibitions were also locally organised and collaborative in nature with an urgent nationalist appeal. The study critically engages with select Exhibition lectures about so-called ‘clean’ midwifery and ‘scientific’ motherhood given by famous Bengali medical practitioners and other prominent professionals, predominantly men and a few women. These drew intimate sociobiological connections between the problems of ‘dirty’ midwifery, ritual pollution, improper confinement, insanitary childbirth, insufficient lactation and the excessive maternal and infant deaths in Calcutta. The central argument is that these public lectures primarily focused on the very making of the ‘ideal’ Indian nursing mother, often imagined as the traditional yet modern bhadramahila mother figure, for rejuvenating community and national health and vigour. Correspondingly, it highlights the transnational resonance of famous Frederic Truby King’s ‘mothercraft’ popularised as childcare by the clock. The paper is, therefore, guided by the twin purposes of filling the gap in our knowledge about child welfare exhibitions in colonial India and illuminating extant scholarship on the global infant welfare movement.

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