scholarly journals EFFECTIVENESS OF DIESEL-LOCOMOTIVE SHUNTER MODERNIZATION AND WAYS FOR ITS DEFINITION

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 (5) ◽  
pp. 23-31
Author(s):  
Evgeniya Ryabko ◽  
Konstantin Ryabko
Keyword(s):  
Cost Effectiveness ◽  
Diesel Oil ◽  
Rolling Stock ◽  
Power Indices ◽  
Oil Consumption ◽  
Point Location ◽  
Relative Duration ◽  
Diesel Locomotive ◽  
Advantages And Disadvantages ◽  
Operation Conditions

The majority of improvements and diesel-locomotive modernizations are aimed at the decrease of diesel oil consumption and improvement of indices influencing environment ecology. In this sense the corresponding engineering solutions are offered by many experts representing different companies including those which did not deal with diesel locomotive up-dating and testing earlier. But, as a rule, they estimate cost-effectiveness of their developments only by the results of simplified tool measurements. In the paper there are considered the following methods for the modernization assessment of diesel-locomotive shunters: a tool method, a statistical and tool-calculation method with the aid of which it is possible to assess diesel-locomotive shunter cost-effectiveness. It is necessary to take into account advantages and disadvantages of each method depending on operation conditions of traction units. For a test (rebuilt) diesel-locomotive and a test one without up-dating it is necessary to take the same parameters (rolling-stock masses, setoff number etc.) and also conditions (plan and track profile, number, type and point location). It allows obtaining fully comparable results. A basis for the calculation of operation and power indices of diesel-locomotive shunters is a shunting mode characterizing a general and a relative duration of work in the traction mode, fuel consumption, a level of power use which is set depending on operation conditions and traction properties of a specific diesel-locomotive.

scholarly journals World Experience in Creating Mathematical Models of Air Springs: Advantages and Disadvantages

2021 ◽  
pp. 25-42
Author(s):  
A. Y Kuzyshyn ◽  
S. A Kostritsia ◽  
Yu. H Sobolevska ◽  
А. V Batih
Keyword(s):  
Mathematical Model ◽  
Finite Element ◽  
Mathematical Models ◽  
Dynamic Behavior ◽  
High Speed ◽  
Vertical Direction ◽  
Rolling Stock ◽  
Air Spring ◽  
Advantages And Disadvantages ◽  
Mechanical Models

Purpose. Taking into account the production and commissioning of modern high-speed rolling stock, the authors are aimed to analyze the currently created mathematical models describing the dynamic behavior of the air spring, systematize them and consider the advantages and disadvantages of each model type. Methodology. For the analysis, a comparative chronological method was used, which makes it possible to trace the development of several points of view, concepts, theories. In accordance with the adopted decision equations, the existing models of air springs were divided into three groups: mechanical, thermodynamic and finite-elements. When analyzing mathematical models, the influence of a number of parameters on the dynamic behavior of the air spring, such as disturbing force frequency, heat transfer, nonlinear characteristics of materials, the shape of the membrane, etc., was considered. Findings. A feature of mechanical models is the determination of input parameters based on the analysis of experimental results, requires access to complex measuring equipment and must be performed for each new model of an air spring separately. Unlike mechanical models, which allow taking into account the damping effect of an air spring in the horizontal and vertical direction, thermodynamic models are mainly focused on studying the dynamic behavior of an air spring in the vertical direction. The use of the finite element method makes it possible to most accurately reproduce the dynamic behavior of an air spring, however, it requires significant expenditures of time and effort to create a finite element model and perform calculations. Originality. Mathematical models of the dynamic behavior of an air spring are systematized, and the importance of their study in conjunction with a spatial mathematical model of high-speed rolling stock is emphasized. Practical value. The analysis of the mathematical models of the dynamic behavior of the air spring shows the ways of their further improvement, indicates the possibility of their use in the spatial mathematical model of the rolling stock in accordance with the tasks set. It will allow, even at the design stage of high-speed rolling stock, to evaluate its dynamic characteristic and traffic safety indicators when interacting with a railway track.

scholarly journals Indirect Laryngeal Surgery in the Clinical Voice Laboratory: The Renewal of a Lost Art

2000 ◽  
Vol 79 (5) ◽  
pp. 350-361 ◽  
Author(s):  
Norman D. Hogikyan ◽  
Melissa Pynnonen
Keyword(s):  
Cost Effectiveness ◽  
General Anesthesia ◽  
Recent Literature ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Topical Anesthesia ◽  
High Quality ◽  
Advantages And Disadvantages ◽  
Laryngeal Surgery ◽  
Type Of Surgery

Since the advent of precision instruments and safe techniques for direct laryngoscopic surgery under general anesthesia, indirect laryngeal surgery has become very uncommon. A review of the recent literature finds that few authors advocate indirect surgery under topical anesthesia, and many otolaryngologists dismiss this technique as being either of only historical interest or an idiosyncratic method practiced only by a handful of clinicians. The societal mandate for cost-effective healthcare and the availability of relatively low-cost, high-quality endoscopes and video equipment warrant a renewed and broader interest in this type of surgery. In this article, we review a series of 27 indirect surgical procedures performed under topical anesthesia in the clinical voice laboratory. We discuss the indications, outcomes, advantages, and disadvantages of this surgery, and we present a brief analysis of its cost-effectiveness. We conclude that indirect laryngeal surgery in the clinical voice laboratory is an effective, safe, efficient, and less costly alternative to some procedures routinely performed under general anesthesia.

scholarly journals A Grey-BPNN Model for Evaluating the Competitiveness of Chinese Contractors in the High-Speed Rail Market in Europe

2019 ◽  
Vol 2019 ◽  
pp. 1-19
Author(s):  
Yi-Hsin Lin ◽  
Biling Shi ◽  
Po-Han Chen ◽  
Zhao Xu ◽  
Huimin Liu
Keyword(s):  
High Speed ◽  
Rolling Stock ◽  
High Speed Rail ◽  
The Sustainable Development ◽  
Advantages And Disadvantages ◽  
Management Ability ◽  
Study Results ◽  
Grey Relational ◽  
Technology Level ◽  
Bpnn Model

With the planning and progress of the construction of the trans-Eurasian high-speed rail (HSR) network, it becomes an important issue for Chinese contractors to enter the European HSR market. Facing the world’s most competitive contractors and their high technology levels, Chinese contractors will need to know their advantages and disadvantages, so as to make necessary improvements. In this study, contractors for HSR are divided into two groups: construction contractors and rail equipment suppliers. In order to evaluate the competitiveness of HSR contractors, a Grey-BPNN model that combines the grey relational analysis and backpropagation neural network (BPNN) is proposed. The Grey-BPNN model is expected to analyze the overall competitiveness of Chinese contractors in the European HSR market and provide informative decision support for them. The study results show the following: (1) in the field of HSR construction, the competitiveness gap between the top-tier Chinese contractors and the most competitive international contractors is small. Chinese contractors’ competitive advantages lie in medium- and low-technology-level projects, with a strong development potential. However, they highly depend on Chinese domestic market and lack in intangible resources, like management ability and market development ability; (2) for rail equipment suppliers, China Railway Rolling Stock Corporation (CRRC) ranks among the top-tier leaders of the international market. CRRC’s greatest competitor in the European HSR market is Siemens, and CRRC is much more competitive than others in the sustainable development capability. However, CRRC needs to increase the quantity of patents and Research and Development (R&D) expenditures in transportation. As a weak transportation patent holder, CRRC has a potential risk of getting intellectual property litigations in the European HSR market.

Engine Performance and Emissions Formation for RME and Conventional Diesel Oil: A Comparative Study

2009 ◽  
Author(s):  
Junfeng Yang ◽  
Monica Johansson ◽  
Valeri Golovitchev
Keyword(s):  
Diesel Engine ◽  
Comparative Study ◽  
Soot Formation ◽  
Engine Performance ◽  
Oxidation Mechanism ◽  
Diesel Oil ◽  
Engine Operation ◽  
Operation Conditions ◽  
Performance And Emissions ◽  
Engine Performance And Emissions

A comparative study on engine performance and emissions (NOx, soot) formation has been carried out for the Volvo D12C diesel engine fueled by Rapeseed Methyl Ester, RME and conventional diesel oil. The combustion models, used in this paper, are the modifications of those described in [1–2]. After the compilation of liquid properties of RME specified as methyl oleate, C19H36O2, making up 60% of RME. The oxidation mechanism has been compiled based on methyl butanoate ester, mb, C5H10O2 oxidation model [3] supplemented by the sub-mechanisms for two proposed fuel constituent components, methyl decanoate, md, C11H22O2, n-heptane, C7H16, and soot and NOx formations reduced and “tuned” by using the sensitivity analysis. A special global reaction was introduced to “crack” the main fuel into constituent components, md, mb and propyne, C3H4, to reproduce accurately the proposed RME chemical formula. The sub-mechanisms were collected in the general one consisting of 99 species participating in 411 reactions. The combustion mechanism was validated using shock-tube ignition-delay data at diesel engine conditions and flame propagation speeds at atmospheric conditions. The engine simulations were carried out for Volvo D12C engine fueled both RME and conventional diesel oil. The numerical results illustrate that in the case of RME, nearly 100% combustion efficiency was predicted when the cumulative heat release, was compared with the RME LHV, 37.2 kJ/g.. To minimize NOx emissions, the effects of 20–30% EGR levels depending on the engine loads and different injection strategies were analyses. To confirm the optimal engine operation conditions, a special technique based on the time-transient parametric φ-T maps [4] has been used.

Characteristic Comparison of Waste Rubber Derived Fuel and Fossil Fuel and Application Test in Engine

2014 ◽  
Vol 529 ◽  
pp. 383-386
Author(s):  
Ming Wei Shao ◽  
Ying Jeh Huang
Keyword(s):  
Fossil Fuel ◽  
Diesel Oil ◽  
Combustion Efficiency ◽  
Fuel Oil ◽  
Combustion Characteristic ◽  
Oil Consumption ◽  
Environment Friendly ◽  
Waste Gas ◽  
Waste Rubber ◽  
And Control

This study discussed characteristics and alkyl composition of waste rubber derived fuel oil, mix ratio of the derived fuel oil to fossil fuel on regulation and control performance of oil engine, waste gas emission and fuel combustion characteristic, and feasibility and suitability of regulation technologies when the derived fuel oil is applied to fuel engine. The findings show that cetane index increases after petroleum diesel is mixed the environment-friendly fuel oil. This can improve combustion efficiency of oil products in diesel engine, as well as reduce sulphur content in the oil and sulfur oxide emission of diesel oil, thus effectively eliminating impurities and reducing ash content after refining the blended environment-friendly fuel oil. Meanwhile, colloid and volatile gas can be eliminated effectively. By blending with petroleum diesel oil, the mixed fuel has the similar characteristics with that of traditional blended fossil oil. The combustion efficiency of mixed environment-friendly oil is improved, thus reducing oil consumption.

scholarly journals ANALYTICAL DETERMINATION OF CRITERIA FOR SAFETY OF MOTION AT RAILWAY TRANSPORT

2018 ◽  
Vol 18 ◽  
pp. 444-454
Author(s):  
A. V. Batig
Keyword(s):  
Traffic Safety ◽  
Stability Margin ◽  
Rolling Stock ◽  
Analytical Determination ◽  
Method Of Calculation ◽  
Rail Track ◽  
Advantages And Disadvantages ◽  
European Experience ◽  
European Standards ◽  
The Stability

The research on rolling stock stability condition for derailment was carried out by many foreign and domestic scientists, each of them proposed its own methods and approaches to its calculation. Each of proposed methods and approaches has its advantages and disadvantages that are analyzed in detail. Besides the method of determining the stability margin coefficient for derailment of rolling stock is indicated in currently accepted norms for calculation and design of railcars track of 1520 mm, in European standards. However, calculations based on the norms that are used for railways track of 1520 mm do not give an opportunity to take into account the parameters of the rail track, namely the irregularities in both the vertical and horizontal planes that occur during operation. So, calculations of traffic safety criteria according to these standards do not allow to determine the effect of wear of wheel pairs and rail track. Moreover exceeding the permissible value of stability margin coefficient for derailment of rolling stock does not always lead to the rolling in of the wheel flange on the railhead. Because the ratio of vertical load to horizontal force can exceed the permissible value, but the gap between the wheel flange and the bar will not be exhausted. Check of stability conditions from a derailment of rolling stock on accepted by norms for model 11-286 car is executed. The basic lacks of the used method of calculation and ways of its improvement are resulted. Creation of mathematical models of railcars will allow to take into account main features of construction of running gears, wear of wheelsets, railtrack and determine the time when the gap between the wheel flange and the rail is exhausted (their dynamic interaction arises). We should also analyze the European experience in determining the criteria for traffic safety.

scholarly journals ECOLOGICAL ASPECTS OF USING BIOLOGICAL DIESEL OIL IN RAILWAY TRANSPORT

Transport ◽  
2008 ◽  
Vol 23 (2) ◽  
pp. 138-143 ◽  
Author(s):  
Leonas Povilas Lingaitis ◽  
Saugirdas Pukalskas
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Analysis ◽  
Methyl Ester ◽  
Rapeseed Oil ◽  
Internal Combustion Engines ◽  
Diesel Oil ◽  
Combustion Engines ◽  
Environment Protection ◽  
Railway Transport ◽  
Diesel Locomotive ◽  
Ecological Aspects

The number of various transport facilities used in Europe is rapidly growing. They release a big amount of pollutants into the atmosphere. Therefore, environment protection from these pollutants ejected by internal combustion engines is a key problem facing us today and which will be acute in the future. Biofuel is the only effective and widely used alternative fuel which can reduce pollution of the environment. The main aim of the present paper is to perform a comparative analysis of burnt gases of engines using rapeseed oil methyl ester and petroleum diesel oil and to determine ecological effectiveness of biofuel used in diesel locomotive engines in railway transport.

scholarly journals Experimental Research on the Manufactureof Parts Composing a Technical System Using Polymer Composite Materials

2017 ◽  
Vol 23 (3) ◽  
pp. 243-250
Author(s):  
Stelian Popescu ◽  
Viorel Dascălu ◽  
Ioan Virca
Keyword(s):  
Composite Materials ◽  
Polymer Composite ◽  
Experimental Research ◽  
Manufacturing Technology ◽  
Technical System ◽  
Polymer Composite Materials ◽  
Final Part ◽  
Advantages And Disadvantages ◽  
Operation Conditions ◽  
Technical Systems

Abstract The article presents experimental research conducted by the authors for use of polymer composite materials to manufacture pressure parts of subassemblies composition of technical systems, currently manufactured from nonferrous materials. The research aimed to identify and establish a manufacturing technology specific for polymer composite materials and conducting testing and verification of resistance of manufactured parts, including their real operation conditions under pressure. The final part of the article highlights the authors’ conclusions, insisting on the advantages and disadvantages of the proposed method.

scholarly journals Weed management in organic echinacea (Echinacea purpurea) and lettuce (Lactuca sativa) production

2008 ◽  
Vol 23 (2) ◽  
pp. 120-135 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. Kristiansen ◽  
B.M. Sindel ◽  
R.S. Jessop
Keyword(s):  
Cost Effectiveness ◽  
Lactuca Sativa ◽  
Weed Management ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Echinacea Purpurea ◽  
Organic Production ◽  
Advantages And Disadvantages ◽  
Weed Growth ◽  
Hand Weeding

AbstractWeed management is a major constraint in organic production. It can be expensive and time-consuming and severe crop yield losses may be incurred when weeds are not adequately controlled. Research on organic weed management (OWM) in herb and vegetable production is increasing internationally, although in Australia very little work has been done to assess current OWM knowledge among growers, and to test the efficacy and cost effectiveness of the weed management practices used by organic growers. The effect of hand weeding, tillage, hay mulch, pelletized paper mulch (PP) and an unweeded control treatment on weed growth, crop growth and cost effectiveness were evaluated in several field trials on the Northern Tablelands of New South Wales using lettuce (Lactuca sativa L.) and echinacea (Echinacea purpurea Moench. [L.]). In echinacea, hand weeding, hay mulch and PP reduced weed growth by at least 90% compared with the control, while tillage reduced weed levels by about 50%. The more expensive weeding methods such as hand weeding and hay mulch (AU$9600 and 8900 ha−1 respectively) produced higher yields, while the cheaper methods such as tillage ($4000 ha−1) had low crop yields and were therefore 25–50% less cost effective. In lettuce, weed growth was reduced by 96% for hand weeding and PP compared with the control, 85% for hay mulch and 66% for tillage. Weed management was cost-effectively achieved using cheaper weeding methods such as tillage ($985 ha−1) compared with more expensive methods such as hand weeding and hay mulching ($4400 and 7600 ha−1 respectively). PP had lower yields and was expensive ($12,500 ha−1) and was usually not cost effective in these trials. The results highlight several important advantages and disadvantages of currently used OWM methods in the field.

Oil Supply Characteristic Test and Application of Fuel Injection Pump for Diesel Engine

2014 ◽  
Vol 490-491 ◽  
pp. 1717-1720
Author(s):  
Jian Huang
Keyword(s):  
Fault Diagnosis ◽  
Diesel Engine ◽  
Fuel Injection ◽  
Diesel Oil ◽  
Oil Consumption ◽  
Oil Supply ◽  
Supply Pressure ◽  
Injection Pump ◽  
Fuel Injection Pump

In the fuel injection pump on crude oil engine, the precise couple attrition will cause loss of oil supply pressure, oil consumption increase, under-power, emission pollution increase and other problems after the long-term usage. The traditional filed-strip is complicated and time-consuming. Through the summary of engine trouble regulation, we can find out fault diagnosis without disassemble has guiding significance for the modern vehicle maintenance and repair. This article realizes the test and application of fault diagnosis for diesel oil supply characteristic through testing oil supply pressure and oil supply diesel engine.

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