IMPACT OF MATERIAL AND DIMENSIONS OF PRODUCT UPON PARAMETERS OF WAVE DEFORMATION STRENGTHENING

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 (2) ◽  
pp. 21-27
Author(s):  
Andrey Kirichek ◽  
Sergey Barinov ◽  
Aleksandr Yashin ◽  
Lyubov' Nikitina ◽  
Aleksandr Konstantinov
Keyword(s):  
Aluminum Alloy ◽  
Micro Hardness ◽  
Surface Layers ◽  
Face Surface ◽  
Wave Deformation ◽  
Length Increase ◽  
Processing Modes ◽  
The Impact ◽  
First Time ◽  
Geometrical Dimensions

Previously it was defined that geometrical dimensions of material worked have a significant impact upon the process of wave deformation strengthening, as at equal volumes of strengthened samples and processing modes there are observed different cards of micro-hardness in surface layers. In the paper there are shown investigations of the impact of dimensions of samples made of different material kinds (steel 45, titanium VT 1-0, bronze BRAZh 9-4, aluminum alloy B-95) upon wave deformation strengthening parameters). The investigations mentioned were carried out for the first time on a test desk specially developed. Strengthening effectiveness was estimated according to micro-hardness distribution in a surface layer. The analysis of the results obtained allowed defining that in chosen modes of WDS takes place strengthening not only a face surface but a back one of the sample at that in the core of the sample an initial hardness of material is kept. The investigations carried out allowed defining the fact that at the increase of material thickness from 10 to 20 mm resulted in the growth of degree (ΔHμ) and depth (hμ) of strengthening at WDS of samples of steel 45 - by 24 and 32%, samples of bronze BRAZh 9-4 – by 22 and 21%, samples of titanium VT 1-0 – by 24 and 32%, samples of aluminum alloy B-95 – by 40 and 62%. The samples length increase from 50 to 100 mm is accompanied by the decrease of ΔHμ and hμ at strengthening: steel 45 – by 36 and 70%, bronze BRAZh 9-4 – by 27 and 43%, titanium VT 1-0 – by 24 and 32%, aluminum alloy B-95 – by 40 and 62%.

scholarly journals REAL PRODUCT SIZE ACCOUNTING PROBLEM AT WAVE DEFORMATION HARDENING

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 (1) ◽  
pp. 4-10
Author(s):  
Andrey Kirichek ◽  
Sergey Barinov ◽  
Aleksandr Yashin ◽  
Aleksey Zaycev ◽  
Aleksandr Konstantinov
Keyword(s):  
Deformation Pattern ◽  
Product Size ◽  
Wave Deformation ◽  
Processing Modes ◽  
Deformation Hardening ◽  
Different Shapes ◽  
The One ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Given ◽  
Geometrical Dimensions

The article raises the problem of the need to take into account real dimensions when they are strengthened by wave deformation. The fact is that in carrying out initial calculations the overall dimensions of the models under study are quite often neglected. On the one hand, this makes it possible to significantly simplify the calculation of the flat model, and on the other - to exclude consideration of the influence of geometric dimensions of the sample on the process to be followed. This is especially relevant in the study of shock systems in which wave processes lie. The effect of the final samples on the hardening process should not be excluded. This is because the elastic-stic deformation pattern has its own features. Hardening is carried out due to transmission of energy in the form of deformation wave, which is transformed on all gras with variable acoustic rigidity, including on boundaries, which are final dimensions of the analysed sample. Preliminary studies have developed a significant effect on the process of wave deformation hardening of geometrical dimensions of the material to be treated, since at equal volumes of strengthened materials and processing modes different distribution of microassay in the surface layer is observed. The established algorithm of further research of the given direction will allow not only to reveal the regularities of through strengthening of samples of different shapes and sizes, but also to establish the possibility of contactless de-formation strengthening of the sides of the sample opposite to the impact of the HRD, which have a complex profile shape, as well as the possibility of contactless deformation strengthening of internal hard-to-reach surfaces.

Relationship between Processing Parameters, Product Dimensions, and Wave Strain Hardening

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-19
Author(s):  
Andrey Victorovich Kirichek ◽  
Sergey Vladimirovich Barinov
Keyword(s):  
Strain Hardening ◽  
Hardened Layer ◽  
Processing Parameters ◽  
Original Material ◽  
Back Side ◽  
Microhardness Distribution ◽  
Material Hardness ◽  
Processing Modes ◽  
The Impact ◽  
First Time

Abstract This article considers the influence of the size of processed workpieces during their strain hardening based on the impact of deformation waves on the processed surface. For the first time, the specificity of the hardened layer formation by wave strain hardening (WSH) makes it possible to draw attention to the fact that, with equal volumes of hardened samples and processing modes, different diagrams of microhardness distribution in the surface layer are observed. The aim of this work is to establish the relationship between processing parameters, workpiece dimensions, and the WSH nature for the first time. The experiments are carried out on a specially designed bench. It is established that WSH occurs not only from the front side (along which the processing was performed), but also from the back side, while leaving the original material hardness in the middle of the sample. The results obtained form a basis for the further development of WSH technology.

The efficiency of application of virtual cross-sections method and hypotheses MELS in problems of wave signal propagation in elastic waveguides with rough surfaces

2016 ◽  
pp. 3564-3575 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ara Sergey Avetisyan
Keyword(s):  
Half Space ◽  
Cross Sections ◽  
Classical Method ◽  
Signal Propagation ◽  
Elastic Half Space ◽  
Layered Systems ◽  
Surface Layers ◽  
Inhomogeneous Surface ◽  
Wave Signal ◽  
The Impact

The efficiency of virtual cross sections method and MELS (Magneto Elastic Layered Systems) hypotheses application is shown on model problem about distribution of wave field in thin surface layers of waveguide when plane wave signal is propagating in it. The impact of surface non-smoothness on characteristics of propagation of high-frequency horizontally polarized wave signal in isotropic elastic half-space is studied. It is shown that the non-smoothness leads to strong distortion of the wave signal over the waveguide thickness and along wave signal propagation direction as well.  Numerical comparative analysis of change in amplitude and phase characteristics of obtained wave fields against roughness of weakly inhomogeneous surface of homogeneous elastic half-space surface is done by classical method and by proposed approach for different kind of non-smoothness.

Relationship between big five personality model and abusive supervision

2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Bibi Tahira ◽  
Naveed Saif ◽  
Muhammad Haroon ◽  
Sadaqat Ali
Keyword(s):  
Big Five ◽  
Abusive Supervision ◽  
State Universities ◽  
Big Five Personality ◽  
Big Five Model ◽  
The Impact ◽  
First Time ◽  
Supervisor Behavior ◽  
Moderating Role

The current study tries to understand the diverse nature of relationship between personality Big Five Model (PBFM) and student's perception of abusive supervision in higher education institutions of Khyber Pakhtoonkhwa Pakistan. Data was collected in dyads i.e. (supervisors were asked to rate their personality attributes while student were asked to rate the supervisor behavior) through adopted construct. For this purpose, data was collected from three government state universities and one Private Sector University. The focus was on MS/M.Phill and PhD student and their supervisors of the mentioned universities. After measuring normality and validity regression analysis was conducted to assess the impact of supervisor personality characteristics that leads to abusive supervision. Findings indicate interestingly that except agreeableness other four attributes of (PBFM) are play their role for abusive supervision. The results are novel in the nature as for the first time Neuroticism, openness to experience, extraversion and conscientiousness are held responsible for the abusive supervision. The study did not explore the demographic characteristics, and moderating role of organizational culture, justice and interpersonal deviances to understand the strength of relationship in more detail way. Keywords: Personality big five model, abusive supervision, HEIs

The Influence of TRIPS Compliant Patent Laws on Indian Pharmaceutical Industry

2014 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Rupesh Rastogi ◽  
Virendra Kumar
Keyword(s):  
Pharmaceutical Industry ◽  
Patent Protection ◽  
Uruguay Round ◽  
Pharmaceutical Products ◽  
Trips Agreement ◽  
Patent Law ◽  
Patent Laws ◽  
The Impact ◽  
First Time ◽  
Indian Pharmaceutical Industry

The first legislation in India relating to patents was the Act VI of 1856. The Indian Patents and Design Act, 1911 (Act II of 1911) replaced all the previous Acts. The Act brought patent administration under the management of Controller of Patents for the first time. After Independence, it was felt that the Indian Patents & Designs Act, 1911 was not fulfilling its objective. Various comities were constituted to recommend, framing a patent law which can fulfill the requirement of Indian Industry and people. The Indian Patent Act of 1970 was enacted to achieve the above objectives. The major provisions of the act, provided for process, not the product patents in food, medicines, chemicals with a term of 14 years and 5-7 for chemicals and drugs. The Act enabled Indian citizens to access cheapest medicines in the world and paved a way for exponential growth of Indian Pharmaceutical Industry. TRIPS agreement, which is one of the important results of the Uruguay Round, mandated strong patent protection, especially for pharmaceutical products, thereby allowing the patenting of NCEs, compounds and processes. India is thereby required to meet the minimum standards under the TRIPS Agreement in relation to patents and the pharmaceutical industry. India’s patent legislation must now include provisions for availability of patents for both pharmaceutical products and processes inventions. The present paper examines the impact of change in Indian Patent law on Pharmaceutical Industry.

The impact of traditional plants and their secondary metabolites in the discovery of COVID-19 treatment

2020 ◽  
Vol 26 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shabana Bibi ◽  
Ayesha Sarfraz ◽  
Ghazala Mustafa ◽  
Zeeshan Ahmed ◽  
Muhammad Aurang Zeb ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Secondary Metabolites ◽  
Test System ◽  
Chemical Information ◽  
System Type ◽  
The Family ◽  
Comprehensive Search ◽  
Coronavirus Infection ◽  
The Impact ◽  
First Time ◽  
Plant Sources

Background: Coronavirus Disease-2019 belongs to the family of viruses which cause a serious pneumonia along with fever, breathing issues and infection of lungs for the first time in China and later spread worldwide. Objective: Several studies and clinical trials have been conducted to identify potential drugs and vaccines for Coronavirus Disease-2019. The present study listed natural secondary metabolites identified from plant sources with antiviral properties and could be safer and tolerable treatment for Coronavirus Disease-2019. Methods: A comprehensive search on the reported studies was conducted using different search engine such as Google scholar, SciFinder, Sciencedirect, Medline PubMed, and Scopus for the collection of research articles based on plantderived secondary metabolites, herbal extracts, and traditional medicine for coronavirus infections. Results: Status of COVID-19 worldwide and information of important molecular targets involved in COVID-19 is described and through literature search, is highlighted that numerous plant species and their extracts possess antiviral properties and studied with respect to Coronavirus treatments. Chemical information, plant source, test system type with mechanism of action for each secondary metabolite is also mentioned in this review paper. Conclusion: The present review has listed plants that have presented antiviral potential in the previous coronavirus pandemics and their secondary metabolites which could be significant for the development of novel and a safer drug which could prevent and cure coronavirus infection worldwide.

Individual and Combined Assessment of Ser680Asn FSH Receptor and FSHβ -211 G>T Gene Polymorphisms in Ovarian Response in IVF/ICSI Program

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elli Anagnostou ◽  
Alexia Kafkoutsou ◽  
Despina Mavrogianni ◽  
Ekaterini Domali ◽  
Evangelia Dimitroulia ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gene Polymorphism ◽  
Gene Polymorphisms ◽  
Ovarian Response ◽  
Greek Population ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Genotype Distribution ◽  
Β Subunit ◽  
Molecular Genetic Study ◽  
The Impact ◽  
First Time

Background: Molecular biology tools, such as the detection of single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs), have been considered to assist to the management of the ovarian stimulation protocols. Purpose: The aim of this study was to evaluate the impact of two polymorphisms, the Asn680Ser polymorphism of the FSHR gene, and the FSH β subunit (FSHβ) gene polymorphism -211 G>T, in a Greek population of women undergoing IVF/ICSI program in our center. In addition, a control group of fertile women was studied, to verify whether there are differences in the genotype distribution between fertile and infertile population for both polymorphisms, as the FSHβ gene polymorphism -211 G>T is studied for the first time in the Greek population. Results : The FSH β-211 G>T polymorphism, studied for the first time in the Greek infertile population, appears to be quite rare. When studying the two polymorphisms separately, statistically significant differences were obtained that concerned the LH levels. Discussion: According to the combination analysis of the two polymorphisms by the number of alleles, women with 2-3 polymorphic alleles needed more days of stimulation, but there were no differences in pregnancy rates. Conclusion: This molecular genetic study helps to elucidate whether the polygenic combination of the Asn680Ser and FSH β subunit -211 G>T gene polymorphisms is of additive value in the prediction of ovarian response to exogenous gonadotropins.

Reconstituting the International, 1918–1923

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Talbot C. Imlay
Keyword(s):  
Seismic Events ◽  
Great War ◽  
Bolshevik Revolution ◽  
Meaning And Purpose ◽  
Post War ◽  
The Impact ◽  
First Time ◽  
The Great War ◽  
Do So ◽  
Lengthy Process

This chapter examines the post-war efforts of European socialists to reconstitute the Socialist International. Initial efforts to cooperate culminated in an international socialist conference in Berne in February 1919 at which socialists from the two wartime camps met for the first time. In the end, however, it would take four years to reconstitute the International with the creation of the Labour and Socialist International (LSI) in 1923. That it took so long to do so is a testimony to the impact of the Great War and to the Bolshevik revolution. Together, these two seismic events compelled socialists to reconsider the meaning and purpose of socialism. The search for answers sparked prolonged debates between and within the major parties, profoundly reconfiguring the pre-war world of European socialism. One prominent stake in this lengthy process, moreover, was the nature of socialist internationalism—both its content and its functioning.

Micro-Hardness and Morphology of LDPE Influenced by Beta Radiation

2014 ◽  
Vol 606 ◽  
pp. 253-256 ◽  
Author(s):  
Martin Ovsik ◽  
Petr Kratky ◽  
David Manas ◽  
Miroslav Manas ◽  
Michal Stanek ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Hardness Test ◽  
Polymer Materials ◽  
Beta Radiation ◽  
Micro Hardness ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Depth Sensing ◽  
Surface Layers ◽  
Hardness Values ◽  
Different Doses

This article deals with the influence of different doses of Beta radiation to the structure and mico-mechanical properties of Low-density polyethylene (LDPE). Hard surface layers of polymer materials, especially LDPE, can be formed by radiation cross-linking by β radiation with doses of 33, 66 and 99 kGy. Material properties created by β radiation are measured by micro-hardness test using the DSI method (Depth Sensing Indentation). Individual radiation doses caused structural and micro-mechanical changes which have a significant effect on the final properties of the LDPE tested. The highest values of micro-mechanical properties were reached at radiation dose of 66 and 99 kGy, when the micro-hardness values increased by about 21%. The changes were examined and confirmed by X-ray diffraction.

scholarly journals Autism Tsunami: the Impact of Rising Prevalence on the Societal Cost of Autism in the United States

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mark Blaxill ◽  
Toby Rogers ◽  
Cynthia Nevison
Keyword(s):  
Forecast Model ◽  
The United States ◽  
Population Projections ◽  
Base Case ◽  
Prevention Strategies ◽  
Total Base ◽  
Cost Categories ◽  
The Cost ◽  
The Impact ◽  
First Time

AbstractThe cost of ASD in the U.S. is estimated using a forecast model that for the first time accounts for the true historical increase in ASD. Model inputs include ASD prevalence, census population projections, six cost categories, ten age brackets, inflation projections, and three future prevalence scenarios. Future ASD costs increase dramatically: total base-case costs of $223 (175–271) billion/year are estimated in 2020; $589 billion/year in 2030, $1.36 trillion/year in 2040, and $5.54 (4.29–6.78) trillion/year by 2060, with substantial potential savings through ASD prevention. Rising prevalence, the shift from child to adult-dominated costs, the transfer of costs from parents onto government, and the soaring total costs raise pressing policy questions and demand an urgent focus on prevention strategies.

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