scholarly journals Non-Parametric Approach to Measuring Accuracy Of Social Assistance Programs in The Middle of Indonesian Economic Downturn

2021 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 102-111
Author(s):  
Darman Saputra ◽  
Julia Julia
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Central Government ◽  
Social Assistance ◽  
Strong Relationship ◽  
Government Debt ◽  
Poor People ◽  
Assistance Programs ◽  
The Poor ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Non Parametric

This study aims to analyze the relationship and influence of social assistance on the number of poor people in Indonesia. There are control variables as a comparison, namely; unemployment, central government debt and economic growth. The research method used a quantitative approach with non-parametric statistics, annual data (2013-2020) and elasticity were used to measure the magnitude of changes in the number of poor people due to additional social assistance. Rank Spearman test to test the relationship of each variable (total unemployment, central government debt and economic growth) to the amount of poverty in Indonesia. The results showed that there was a very strong relationship between social assistance for Contribution Assistance Recipients (PBI) and the Family Hope Program (PKH) on the number of poor people. The negative sign indicates that social assistance can reduce poverty significantly, with the strongest impact being the PBI program. There is a strong relationship between debt and the number of poor people. The slowdown in economic growth is proven to be unrelated to the number of poor people, meaning that in the midst of an economic slowdown, the amount of poverty in Indonesia can be suppressed through social assistance programs, job creation as laborers and government debt is allocated for productive activities and economic activities that have a direct impact on the poor and vulnerable to poverty. Poverty alleviation efforts can be carried out by the government by synergizing social assistance programs and creating job opportunities according to the ability of the poor on average.

scholarly journals EFEKTIFITAS BANTUAN SOSIAL DALAM PENANGGULANGAN KEMISKINAN DI TENGAH PERLAMBATAN EKONOMI INDONESIA DENGAN PENDEKATAN NON-PARAMETRIK

2019 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 9-31
Author(s):  
Palupi Lindiasari Samputra ◽  
Aji Wahyu Ramadhani
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Central Government ◽  
Social Assistance ◽  
Strong Relationship ◽  
Government Debt ◽  
Poor People ◽  
Assistance Programs ◽  
Parametric Statistics ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Non Parametric

This study aims to analyze the relationship and influence of social assistance on the number of poor people in Indonesia. There is a control variable as a comparison, namely; the number of people who work alone and work as laborers, central government debt and economic growth. The research method uses a quantitative approach with non-parametric statistics with annual data (2007-2017) and elasticity is used to measure the amount of change in the number of poor people due to additional social assistance. Pearson Moment Product and Rank Spearman correlation test to examine the relationship of each variable (number of people who work alone and work as laborers, central government debt and economic growth) to the number of poverty in Indonesia. The results of non-parametric statistics show that there is a very strong relationship between social assistance (National Health Insurance-Benefit Beneficiary Recipients (JKN-PBI) and Prosperous Rice (Rastra), and strong (Family Hope Program (PKH)) for the number of poor people. negative indicates that social assistance can significantly reduce the amount of poverty, with the strongest impact being the PBI program.There is a strong relationship between debt and working as a laborer on the number of poor people. The slowdown in economic growth is proven to be unrelated to the number of poor people. the biggest decrease in the number of poor people is the JKN-PBI program (-0.16), Rastra (-0.15) and PKH (-0.06). The additional employment as laborers has the highest effectiveness level of -0, 34. Government debt is needed to reduce the number of poor people by -0.16, which means that in the middle of declining oak On the other hand, the amount of poverty in Indonesia can be reduced through social assistance programs, the creation of jobs as laborers and government debt allocated to productive activities and economic activities that directly affect the poor and vulnerable to poverty. Keywords: Social assistance programs, Economics growth, Debt, Poverty, Laborers, Effectiveness Abstrak Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis hubungan dan pengaruh bantuan sosial terhadap jumlah penduduk miskin di Indonesia.  Terdapat variabel kontrol sebagai pembanding yaitu; jumlah orang yang bekerja sendiri dan bekerja sebagai buruh, utang pemerintah pusat dan pertumbuhan ekonomi. Metode penelitian menggunakan pendekatan kuantitatif dengan statistik non-parametrik, data tahunan (2007-2017) dan elastisitas digunakan untuk mengukur besaran perubahan jumlah penduduk miskin akibat tambahan bantuan sosial. Uji korelasi Pearson Moment Product dan Rank Spearman untuk menguji hubungan masing-masing variabel (jumlah orang yang bekerja sendiri dan bekerja sebagai buruh, utang pemerintah pusat dan pertumbuhan ekonomi) terhadap jumlah kemiskinan di Indonesia.  Hasil penelitian menunjukkan terdapat hubungan yang sangat kuat antara bantuan sosial (Jaminan Kesehatan Nasional-Penerima Bantuan Iuran (JKN-PBI) dan Beras Sejahtera (Rastra), dan Program Keluarga Harapan (PKH) terhadap jumlah penduduk miskin. Tanda negatif menunjukkan bantuan sosial dapat menurunkan jumlah kemiskinan secara signifikan, dengan dampak terkuat adalah program PBI.  Terdapat hubungan kuat antara hutang dan bekerja sebagai buruh terhadap jumlah penduduk miskin. Perlambatan pertumbuhan ekonomi terbukti tidak  berhubungan dengan jumlah penduduk miskin. Hasil perhitungan elastisitas menunjukkan efektifitas bantuan sosial terhadap penurunan jumlah penduduk miskin paling besar adalah program JKN-PBI  (-0,16), Rastra (-0,15) dan PKH (-0,06).  Tambahan lapangan kerja sebagai buruh memiliki tingkat efektifitas yang paling tinggi sebesar -0,34.  Hutang pemerintah dibutuhkan untuk menekan jumlah penduduk miskin sebesar -0,16. Artinya, di tengah perlambatan ekonomi, jumlah kemiskinan di Indonesia dapat ditekan melalui program bantuan sosial, penciptaan lapangan kerja sebagai buruh dan hutang pemerintah dialokasikan untuk kegiatan produktif dan kegiatan ekonomi yang berdampak langsung kepada penduduk miskin dan rentan miskin.

scholarly journals Measurement Of Social Fund Assistance Program And Economic Indicators Of Bangka Belitung Islands In The Effort To Reduce Poverty Rate

2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 97-103
Author(s):  
Julia Julia ◽  
Khairiyansyah
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Central Government ◽  
Social Assistance ◽  
Strong Relationship ◽  
Government Debt ◽  
Poor People ◽  
Annual Data ◽  
Assistance Program ◽  
The Poor ◽  
The Relationship

This study aims to analyze the relationship and influence of social assistance on the number of poor people in the Province of the Bangka Belitung Islands. There are control variables as comparison, namely; unemployment, central government debt, economic growth and poverty. The research method uses a quantitative approach with non-parametric statistics, annual data (2015-2020) and elasticity are used to measure the magnitude of change in the number of poor people due to additional social assistance. Spearman Rank test to examine the relationship of each variable (the number of unemployed, central government debt and economic growth) to the amount of poverty in Indonesia. The results of the study show that there is a very strong relationship between social assistance for Contribution Assistance Recipients and the Family Hope Program on the number of poor people. A negative sign indicates that social assistance can significantly reduce poverty, with the strongest impact being the  program. There is a strong relationship between debt and the number of poor people. The slowdown in economic growth has been proven to be unrelated to the number of poor people. This means that, in the midst of an economic slowdown, the number of poverty in Indonesia can be reduced through social assistance programs, job creation as laborers and government debt is allocated for productive activities and economic activities that have a direct impact on the poor and the poor. vulnerable to poverty.

scholarly journals IS THE REINHART-ROGOFF DEBT THRESHOLD APPLICABLE TO ITALY?

2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 31-38
Author(s):  
Yu Hsing
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Growth Rate ◽  
Production Function ◽  
Central Government ◽  
Government Debt ◽  
Debt Ratio ◽  
The Relationship

This paper employs an extended production function to examine the relationship between central government debt and economic growth in Italy. The results show that the threshold of the central government debt ratio for Italy is estimated to be 105.00%, which is greater than the 90% debt threshold proposed by Reinhart and Rogoff. Besides, a higher growth rate of labor employment or investment/GDP ratio would raise the growth rate. Hence, the debt threshold proposed by Reinhart-Rogoff underestimates the debt threshold for Italy. The finding suggests that the debt ratio of 131.09% in 2019 is well above the debt threshold and is likely to be unsustainable.

scholarly journals Tourism Industry and Economic Growth Nexus in Beijing, China

Economies ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 25 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yang Songling ◽  
Muhammad Ishtiaq ◽  
Bui Thi Thanh
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Economic Development ◽  
Strong Support ◽  
Growth Index ◽  
Strong Relationship ◽  
Tourism Industry ◽  
Var Model ◽  
Long Run ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Beijing China

In the developing economy, tourism is the most visible and steadiest growing facade. Tourism is considered one of the rapidly increasing elements for economic development from the last two decades. Therefore, the proposed study used vector autoregression (VAR) model, error correction model (ECM), and the Granger causality to check the relationship between the tourism industry and economic growth based on the data of the Beijing municipal bureau of statistics from 1994 to 2015. Gross domestic product (GDP) is used as a replacement variable for the economic growth index, while internal tourism revenue is used as a tourism industry indicator. The study supports the tourism-led growth hypothesis proposed in the existing literature in a different survey of tourism and economic development. The results show that there is a strong relationship in the tourism industry and economic growth in the context of Beijing, and at the same time, tourism creates a more significant increase in long run local real economic accomplishments. The results of the VAR model confirm that in the long run, Beijing’s economic growth is affected by domestic tourism, while the ECM model shows unidirectional results in the short term. Similarly, there is a one-way causal relationship between the tourism industry and economic growth in Beijing, China. The empirical results are in strong support of the concept that tourism causes growth.

scholarly journals Pengaruh Zakat, Infak, dan Sedekah terhadap Pertumbuhan Ekonomi Indonesia

2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 101
Author(s):  
Dewi Purwanti
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Regression Analysis ◽  
Basic Needs ◽  
Poor People ◽  
Panel Regression ◽  
Distribution Of Wealth ◽  
The Poor ◽  
The Rich ◽  
Positive Effect

Zakat is obligatory for all Muslims while infaq and alms are sunah. Zakat, infaq, and alms (ZIS) make distribution of wealth from the rich to the poor people. If the poor people are able to fulfill their basic needs, they can work well and contribute positively to the economy in various sectors. Zakat, infaq, and alms are expected to be one of the alternative policies to increase economic growth. However, to find out whether zakat, infaq, and alms have succeeded in positively contribute to economic growth, research is needed to prove the existence of the influence of zakat, infaq and alms in Indonesia. The purpose of this study is to determine the effect of zakat, infaq, and alms on the economy. This study uses a panel regression analysis with driscoll and kraay standars errors. The results of this study showed that zakat, infaq, and alms have positive effect on Indonesia's economic growth.

scholarly journals LA OPCIÓN TEOLÓGICO-PASTORAL DEL PAPA FRANCISCO

2016 ◽  
Vol 48 (1) ◽  
pp. 81
Author(s):  
Rafael Luciani
Keyword(s):  
Latin American ◽  
Poor People ◽  
Christian Community ◽  
Pope Francis ◽  
The Poor ◽  
The People ◽  
The Social ◽  
Cultura Popular ◽  
Preferential Option ◽  
The Relationship

Resumen: La Evangelii Gaudium y los discursos ofrecidos durante los viajes apostólicos a Latinoamérica han dejado clara la opción teológico-pastoral del Papa Francisco, cuyo eje se encuentra en torno a la opción preferencial por «una Iglesia pobre que asuma al pueblo-pobre» y, desde ahí, se deje evangelizar reconociendo el lugar teológico que tiene la cultura popular como mediación socioanalítica y de encuentro con el Dios de Jesús. Para comprender esto hay que adentrarse en el debate sociohistórico de la teología latinoamericana de la liberación y en el modo como esta fue recibida en Argentina por medio de la teología del pueblo. Así también, es necesario seguir los debates sobre la relación que ha de existir entre el anuncio del Evangelio, la vida de la Iglesia y la realidad de los pobres, según han sido expuestos desde Medellín hasta Aparecida. En el presente artículo iremos desarrollando estos ejes fundamentales en los que se inspira la opción teológico-pastoral del Papa Francisco y las consecuencias para la credibilidad de la comunidad cristiana en la era globalizada.Abstract: The Evangelii Gaudium and the speeches offered during the Papal Apostolic Journeys to Latin America made more clear the theological and pastoral option of Pope Francis, whose axis is around a preferential option for «a poor Church that assumes the poor-people». A Church that recognizes the theological locus of the popular culture, as a socio-analytic mediation to encounter the God of Jesus. To understand this, it is mandatory to examine the social and historical debates occasioned by Latin American Liberation Theology and the way it was received in Argentina through the so called «Theology of the People». It will also be necessary to follow the discussions on the relationship between the proclamation of the Gospel, the life of the Church and the reality of the poor, as they have been stated from Medellin and San Miguel to Aparecida. In this article we will study those key areas and topics in which Pope Francis has developed his theological-pastoral option and its consequences for the credibility of the Christian community in a globalized era.

scholarly journals Causal Nexus between Government Debt, Exports and Economic Growth for Three Eurozone Countries: A Panel Data Analysis

2016 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 47
Author(s):  
Nikolaos Dritsakis ◽  
Pavlos Stamatiou
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Panel Data ◽  
Government Debt ◽  
The United States ◽  
Mortgage Market ◽  
Least Square ◽  
Policy Implications ◽  
Ordinary Least Square ◽  
Long Run ◽  
The Relationship

<em>The relationship between government debt, exports and economic growth has been the focus of a considerable number of academic studies in recent years. The economic crisis, which started in the United States mortgage market, quickly went global when mortgage-backed securities traded by financial institutions. Europe’s response was immediate regarding the measures to tackle the crisis. The establishment of common strategies was the long term goal of the European Union (EU). This paper examines the relationship between government debt, exports and economic growth in the EU countries with the highest level of government debt, using panel data over the period 1990-2014. The Fully Modified Ordinary Least Square (FMOLS) and Dynamic Ordinary Least Square (DOLS) methods are used to estimate the long run relationship between the variables. In addition, the Vector Error Correction Model (VECM) is used in order to investigate the causal relationship between the examined variables. The empirical results of the study revealed that there are both short and long run relationships. Findings suggest that that there is a unidirectional causality running from exports to economic growth as well as from exports and economic growth to government debt. The results provide evidence to support the export led-growth hypothesis. Exports are an important factor for economic development. Moreover, the results reveal that government debt is affected by exports both directly and indirectly through economic growth. Policy implications are then explored in the conclusions.</em>

scholarly journals Social Versus Financial Performance of Microfinance: Bangladesh Perspective

2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 263
Author(s):  
Mohammad Aslam ◽  
Senthil Kumar ◽  
Shahryar Sorooshian
Keyword(s):  
Financial Performance ◽  
Financial Services ◽  
Poverty Alleviation ◽  
Financial Institution ◽  
Panel Data Analysis ◽  
Poor People ◽  
Financial Sustainability ◽  
The Poor ◽  
Social Objective ◽  
The Relationship

Microfinance is a tool designed for poverty alleviation by providing financial services more specifically small credit to the poor household for income generating activities. One of the better ways to help poor people for poverty alleviation is through giving them financial services that cannot be done in traditional banking system. However, there is a big question whether it is possible to provide those services for a financial institution without being sustainable financially. How far it can go with free lunch that is depending on donors’ fund. These two patterns place microfinance at the intersection. One may wonder whether the microfinance compromises a trade-off between serving the poor as social objective and attaining financial sustainability as financial objective. If microfinance institute wishes to get financial sustainability through profit maximization rather ignoring intended social objective of alleviating poverty, than it loses its momentum and becomes like other traditional financial institute. Fulfilling social objective with financial sustainability will be the optimum outcome of microfinance. Microfinance has been pioneered primarily in Bangladesh and later replicated in rest of the world. By this time, over 33 million of clients are being served with various financial and non-financial services by over 700 registered microfinance institute in Bangladesh. This study intent to measure the social outreach versus financial sustainability of microfinance institute in Bangladesh through panel data analysis. To do this, we have analyzed the relationship between financial performance and depth of outreach of top 20 microfinance institutes of Bangladesh from 2015 to 2017. Our results show that the relationship is positive or neutral in some cases. Therefore, microfinance in Bangladesh has been attaining both social and financial objectives and there appears no mission drift.

scholarly journals Are electoral autocracies better for the poor? Evidence from social assistance programs

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (3) ◽  
pp. 205316802095015
Author(s):  
Matthew D. Fails
Keyword(s):  
Human Development ◽  
Recent Work ◽  
Social Assistance ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Assistance Programs ◽  
The Poor ◽  
Electoral Authoritarianism ◽  
Development Outcomes ◽  
Playing Fields ◽  
The Impact

Autocratic elections occur on uneven playing fields, yet their regular contestation compels ruling parties to pay attention to citizens’ demands. This claim is at the heart of research linking multiparty elections in autocracies to improvements in human development. Recent work, however, casts doubt on the theoretical and empirical basis of such claims. This paper addresses this debate by focusing specifically on the adoption of social assistance programs, an often theorized but seldom examined link in the chain connecting electoral autocracy with improvements in human development. I demonstrate that electoral autocracies are more likely to adopt these programs than closed autocracies and that the impact largely works through within-country changes in the presence of electoral authoritarianism. The results are consistent with the argument that such regimes are more responsive to citizens’ demands. However, they also remind researchers that the goal of such regimes is to win elections; there is little preventing them from crafting targeted social policies that secure the loyalty of the voting public but without the attendant improvements in broad measures of human development. I conclude with suggestions for how future research can better understand how authoritarian governance shapes development outcomes.

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