scholarly journals De la Seguridad Social para prevenir el riesgo de pobreza y exclusión social: su especial consideración a personas con discapacidad

IusLabor ◽  
2021 ◽  
pp. 170-197
Author(s):  
Catalina Smintinica ◽  
María José Romero Ródenas

The health emergency has highlighted the need to articulate cross-cutting social measures so that both the most vulnerable people and productive sectors are not left behind, with the risk of timeliness and increased poverty appreciated in the future if not acted immediately. Within this context, a new minimum income called Minimum Vital Income was born, in an accelerated but necessary way, whose objective is to correct the high levels of inequality, un subsidized unemployment and extreme poverty in Spain, levels that, until now, have not been fully corrected with the regional models of minimum income that have also been aggravated by the Covid-19 health crisis. This new non-contributory benefit embodies an objective and fundamental advance in the model of the Social State that the Spanish Constitution proclaims in article 1.1. We are facing a new social right of a subjective nature of Spanish citizens and people legally resident in Spain, linked to the state of need, whose objective is to prevent the risk of poverty and social exclusion. This study analyses the minimum living income with special attention in the collective with disabilities.  

Author(s):  
Aida TORRES PÉREZ

LABURPENA: Espainiako Konstituzioak eta autonomia-estatutuek zedarritzen duten esparruan, estatu soziala, neurri handi batean, estatu autonomikoaren bidez josten da. Artikulu honen bidez, ikusi eta erakutsi nahiko nuke konstituzio-jurisprudentziak zenbateraino eta zer tresna erabiliz jo duen balekotzat krisi ekonomikoak iraun duen bitartean boterea zentralizatzeko eta arauak homogeneizatzeko egon den joera; azkenean, eskumenen antolamendua beste era batera diseinatu baita, autonomia-printzipioaren kaltetan eta autonomia-erkidegoek gizarte-politikak garatzeko duten ahalmenaren kaltetan. Oinarri modura, bi kasu aztertuko ditut: osasuna babesteko eskubidea, eta etxebizitza duina. Bai arlo batean zein bestean, alde batetik, estatuak lege batzuk sortu ditu krisiari erantzuteko; eta, bestetik, autonomia-erkidegoek zenbait politika garatu dituzte, beren eskumenak baliatuz. Ondorioz, liskar asko piztu da konstituzioaren inguruan, sokatik hainbat norabidetan tira egiten denean bezala: autonomia politikoa, berdintasuna eta estatu soziala, eta, gainera, krisialdi ekonomikoan. RESUMEN: En el marco establecido por la Constitución española y los Estatutos de Autonomía, el Estado social se articula en gran medida a través del Estado autonómico. El objetivo de este trabajo es determinar en qué medida y a través de qué instrumentos la jurisprudencia constitucional ha avalado una tendencia a la centralización del poder y homogeneización normativa en el contexto de la crisis económica, de tal modo que se opere un rediseño del orden competencial en perjuicio del principio de autonomía y la capacidad de las Comunidades Autónomas de desarrollar políticas sociales. Este análisis se basará en dos casos de estudio: el derecho a la protección de la salud y la vivienda digna. En ambos ámbitos materiales, por un lado, el Estado central ha adoptado legislación en respuesta a la crisis, y por el otro las Comunidades Autónomas han desarrollado políticas diversas en ejercicio de sus competencias propias. Como consecuencia, se ha producido un elevado grado de conflictividad constitucional en un contexto en el que se entrelazan diversos ejes: autonomía política, igualdady Estado social en el marco de la crisis económica. ABSTRACT: Within the framework set by the Spanish Constitution and the Statutes of Autonomy, the social state is developed to a great extent through the autonomic state. The goal of this work is to understand the extent to which and through what mechanisms the constitutional case-law has endorsed the trend towards the centralization of power and normative homogenization in the context of the economic crisis, in such a way that the allocation of powers has been redesigned to undermine the principle of autonomy and the capacity of the Autonomous Communities to develop social policies. This analysis will focus on two case studies: the right to health and to housing. In both fields, on the one hand, the central state has adopted legislation in response to the crisis, and on the other the Autonomous Communities have developed diverse policies in the exercise of their respective powers. As a consequence, constitutional conflicts have increased in a context in which several core elements are intertwined: political autonomy, equality and the social state in the framework of theeconomic crisis.


2020 ◽  
Vol 22 (4) ◽  
pp. 486-492
Author(s):  
Frank Vandenbroucke

This article provides a conclusion to the EJSS Special Issue ‘Discussing strategies for Social Europe: The potential role of EU law in contributing to the Union’s policy objective of fighting poverty and social exclusion’. The contributions to this Special Issue raise a fundamental question: why did European governments fail to deliver on their promise, proclaimed with so much emphasis twenty years ago, to reduce poverty in Europe? It is too easy to say that the one and only problem was the non-binding nature of the social objectives of Lisbon and the antipoverty targets of Europe 2020. There is a broader challenge at the EU level, which goes beyond minimum income protection and directly involves crucial nuts and bolts of the whole welfare edifice: when confronted with severe economic and social shocks, welfare states need an adequate stabilization capacity. This implies that the European Monetary Union becomes a true ‘insurance union’. I argue that one should understand the relevance of the European Pillar of Social Rights from this perspective, and I relate that argument to the contributions to the Special Issue.


2010 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 3-28
Author(s):  
Zsuzsa Ferge

The paper describes manifestations of inequality and poverty evolving under new-capitalism in Hungary. The new aspect of inequality include unlimited force-fields and unbridled competition between them, new splits of inequality, and the absence of both ceiling and floor. The new features of poverty include massive and lasting joblessness leading to the socialisation of children in an atmosphere of hopelessness, extreme social exclusion turning entire micro-regions into poor and Gypsy ghettos, demeaning forms of workfare, and the like. About half of Hungary's residents have lost out on the regime change, meaning that they are worse off now than before it. Roughly half the losers are poor and about half a million (the entire population of the country is ten million) were poor both before and after. The new inequality and poverty is a challenge to all Hungarians, particularly to politicians and the poor themselves. Responses are often distorted because the sudden and extreme poverty has spawned a vehement rejection of the poor, often combined with rapidly spreading racism.


2013 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 91-100 ◽  
Author(s):  
Francesca Alice Vianello

This article examines different forms of Ukrainian migrant women’s social remittances, articulating some results of two ethnographic studies: one focused on the migration of Ukrainian women to Italy, and the other on the social impact of emigration in Ukraine. First, the paper illustrates the patterns of monetary remittance management, which will be defined as a specific form of social remittance, since they are practices shaped by systems of norms challenged by migration. In the second part, the article moves on to discuss other types of social remittances transferred by migrant women to their families left behind: the right of self-care and self-realisation; the recognition of alternative and more women-friendly life-course patterns; consumption styles and ideas on economic education. Therefore, I will explore the contents of social remittances, but also the gender and intergenerational conflicts that characterise these flows of cultural resources. 


2016 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 158-182 ◽  
Author(s):  
Min Zhou ◽  
Xiangyi Li

We consider cross-space consumption as a form of transnational practice among international migrants. In this paper, we develop the idea of the social value of consumption and use it to explain this particular form of transnationalism. We consider the act of consumption to have not only functional value that satisfies material needs but also a set of nonfunctional values, social value included, that confer symbolic meanings and social status. We argue that cross-space consumption enables international migrants to take advantage of differences in economic development, currency exchange rates, and social structures between countries of destination and origin to maximize their expression of social status and to perform or regain social status. Drawing on a multisited ethnographic study of consumption patterns in migrant hometowns in Fuzhou, China, and in-depth interviews with undocumented Chinese immigrants in New York and their left-behind family members, we find that, despite the vulnerabilities and precarious circumstances associated with the lack of citizenship rights in the host society, undocumented immigrants manage to realize the social value of consumption across national borders and do so through conspicuous consumption, reciprocal consumption, and vicarious consumption in their hometowns even without being physically present there. We conclude that, while cross-space consumption benefits individual migrants, left-behind families, and their hometowns, it serves to revive tradition in ways that fuel extravagant rituals, drive up costs of living, reinforce existing social inequality, and create pressure for continual emigration.


2014 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 123-133
Author(s):  
Marzena Możdżyńska

Abstract In recent decades, we observe a significant disorganization of family life, especially in the sphere of parental functions performed by unprepared for the role emotional, socially and economically young people. Lack of education, difficulties in finding work, and the lack of prospects for positive change are the main causes of their impoverishment and progressive degradation in the social hierarchy. Reaching young people at risk of social exclusion and provide them with comprehensive care, should be a priority of modern social work and educational work. In order to provide help this social group and cope with the adverse event created a lot of programs to support systemically start in life. An example would be presented in the article KARnet 15+ program as a form of complex activities of a person stimulating subjectivity, and allows you to modify support in individual cases


2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (SPL1) ◽  
pp. 462-468
Author(s):  
Latika kothari ◽  
Sanskruti Wadatkar ◽  
Roshni Taori ◽  
Pavan Bajaj ◽  
Diksha Agrawal

Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is a communicable infection caused by the novel coronavirus resulting in severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV). It was recognized to be a health crisis for the general population of international concern on 30th January 2020 and conceded as a pandemic on 11th March 2020. India is taking various measures to fight this invisible enemy by adopting different strategies and policies. To stop the COVID-19 from spreading, the Home Affairs Ministry and the health ministry, of India, has issued the nCoV 19 guidelines on travel. Screening for COVID-19 by asking questions about any symptoms, recent travel history, and exposure. India has been trying to get testing kits available. The government of India has enforced various laws like the social distancing, Janata curfew, strict lockdowns, screening door to door to control the spread of novel coronavirus. In this pandemic, innovative medical treatments are being explored, and a proper vaccine is being hunted to deal with the situation. Infection control measures are necessary to prevent the virus from further spreading and to help control the current situation. Thus, this review illustrates and explains the criteria provided by the government of India to the awareness of the public to prevent the spread of COVID-19.


Author(s):  
Roman Fedorov

The article is devoted to the problem of the social state as one of the fundamental constitutional principles of the state structure of modern developed countries. The course of historical development of philosophical and legal thought on this problem is considered. The idea of a close connection between the concept of the social state and the ideas of utopian socialism of Thomas More and Henri Saint-Simon is put forward. Liberals also made a significant contribution to the development of the idea of the social state, they argued that the ratio of equality and freedom is a key problem for the classical liberal doctrine. It is concluded that the emergence of the theory of the social state for objective reasons was inevitable, since it is due to the historical development of society.


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