scholarly journals ASSESSMENT OF THE GENETIC VARIABILITY OF DIFFERENT AGE GROUPS OF SILVER AND BIGHEAD CARPS BY BIOCHEMICAL POLYMORPHISM

2021 ◽  
Vol 61 ◽  
pp. 146-154
Author(s):  
I. Stetsiuk ◽  
N. Borysenko ◽  
T. Nahorniuk ◽  
A. Mariutsa
Keyword(s):  
Cluster Analysis ◽  
Genetic Structure ◽  
Genetic Variability ◽  
Silver Carp ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Bighead Carp ◽  
Average Heterozygosity ◽  
Blood Samples ◽  
Enzyme Systems ◽  
Expected Heterozygosity

Goal. The study aimed to analyze and assess the genetic variability of different age groups of silver and bighead carps by the polymorphism of protein and enzyme systems. Methods. Blood samples were taken from silver (Hypophthalmichthys molitrix) and bighead (Aristichthys nobilis) carps of "Sunpoint Ukraine" LLC, Slobozhanske, Zmiiv district, Kharkiv region. Blood from the tail vein was collected from age-2 and age-3 fish in vivo and placed into tubes with an anticoagulant. Whole blood samples were separated into fractions by centrifugation and as a result plasma and erythrocytes were packed into separate tubes. The methods of vertical polyacrylamide and horizontal starch electrophoresis were used for the electrophoretic separation of proteins and enzymes of silver and bighead carps blood. Histochemical staining of the gel plates was carried out with t) and bighead he following genotyping of allelic variants of protein and enzyme systems. Biochemical systems such as loci of prealbumin (Pralb), esterase (EST, K.F. 3.1.1.1), malate dehydrogenase (MDH, K.F. 1.1.1.37), enzyme malic (ME, K.F. 1.1.1.40) and carbonic anhydrase (CA, K.F. 4.2.1.1) were investigated. Statistical processing of experimental data was performed using Biosys-1. Cluster analysis was carried out using MEGA-X. Results. Analysis of the peculiarities of the distribution of allele frequencies and the genotypic composition of Pralb, EST, MDH, ME, and CA loci was carried out in the age-2 and age-3 groups of silver and bighead carps. The prevalence of the frequency of the fast migrating allelic variant F was revealed in comparison with the slow migrating gene at EST locus in the age-3 group of silver carp (Est F = 0.620). The prevalence of the frequency of the fast allelic variant Pralb A in comparison with the slow Pralb B was observed in the silver carp groups (Pralb A = 0.812 in the age-2 and Pralb A = 0.726 in the age-3 groups. According to the genotypic composition of the studied loci, there was an excess of heterozygous individuals in the age-2 group of silver carp, which indicates their genetic imbalance. The formation of breeding stocks of silver and bighead carps requires control of the level of genetic variability of different age groups to monitor changes in the genetic structure and maintain the optimal level of heterozygosity in stocks. The highest level of average heterozygosity (79.4%) was found in the age-2 group of silver carp, which prevailed over the expected average heterozygosity with a value of 49.4%. In comparison with other studied groups, the age-2 group of bighead carp had the lowest level of average heterozygosity of 59.1% versus the theoretically calculated level of 45.5%. The age-2 and age-3 groups of bighead carp had the highest level of heterozygosity at Ca locus at the level of 82.8 and 78.6% respectively, in contrast to the expected heterozygosity at this locus at the level of 49.9 and 49.7%. A dendrogram of the genetic relationships of different age groups of silver carp was constructed based on the values of genetic distances. The formed clusters indicated the formation of the genetic structure of the silver and bighead carps by species affiliation. Conclusions. The analysis of the genetic structure of different age groups of the silver and bighead carps was performed by the polymorphism of protein and enzyme systems such as Pralb, EST, MDH, ME, CA loci. The study describes the features of the distribution of allelic frequencies and genotypic variants of the aforementioned loci. The level of average heterozygosity, observed and expected heterozygosity at loci in age-2 and age-3 groups of silver and bighead carps were determined. The high genetic variability of an age-2 group of silver carp at the level of 79.4% indicates the need to stabilize their genetic structure. As a result of the cluster analysis, it was determined that the formation of the genetic structure of the silver carp groups of the "Sunpoint Ukraine" farm in the Kharkiv region occurs by species affiliation. The study and use of biochemical markers will allow differentiating stocks of silver and bighead carps. As well as in complex analysis with other molecular genetic markers will allow them to develop a genetic passport.

Isozyme Variation in Broom Snakeweed (Gutierrezia sarothrae)

Weed Science ◽  
1995 ◽  
Vol 43 (1) ◽  
pp. 156-162 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yanglin Hou ◽  
Tracy M. Sterling
Keyword(s):  
Cluster Analysis ◽  
New Mexico ◽  
Genetic Variability ◽  
Gel Electrophoresis ◽  
Isozyme Analysis ◽  
Starch Gel Electrophoresis ◽  
Enzyme Systems ◽  
Starch Gel ◽  
Morphological Differences ◽  
Gutierrezia Sarothrae

Broom snakeweed, a perennial rangeland shrub, is highly variable morphologically and can grow under a broad range of environmental conditions. In this study, isozyme analysis using starch gel electrophoresis was used to quantify genetic variability within and among New Mexico populations of broom snakeweed. Eight separate populations of broom snakeweed and one population of threadleaf snakeweed as a comparison were investigated. of the 10 enzyme systems examined, 16 loci were identified in eight populations and two species. Eleven loci were monomorphic in eight populations and two species and five loci were polymorphic in at least one population or species. Genetic variability was large in broom and threadleaf snakeweed populations as determined by isozyme analysis. Genetic variability among broom snakeweed populations was greater than that within populations for the five polymorphic loci. Cluster analysis of genetic distance and identity for the eight populations and two species characterized two major groups. Within broom snakeweed, cluster analysis characterized five groups. The two species shared most common alleles. The genetic variation identified in this research may account for the morphological differences and broad geographical distribution of broom snakeweed.

scholarly journals Ecologiсal and genetic changes in populations of silver (Hypophtalmichthys molitrix) and bighead (Aristichthys nobilis) carp

2021 ◽  
pp. 98-105
Author(s):  
I. Stecyk ◽  
A. Mariutsa ◽  
S. Tarasyuk
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Structure ◽  
Silver Carp ◽  
High Specificity ◽  
Population Level ◽  
Bighead Carp ◽  
Dna Fragments ◽  
Effective Number ◽  
Genetic Changes ◽  
Breeding Work ◽  
Efficiency Of Selection

A comparative characterization of the genetic structure of populations of silver carp and bighead carp by four primers (CTC)6C, (GAG)6C, (AGC)6G, (AGC)6C was given. The average value of (Na) in silver carp and bighead carp was at the level of 45.7 and 42.7. In the bighead carp, the highest number of amplicons and the highest value of the effective number of alleles per locus were observed for primer (AGC)6C and were equal to 62 and 15.4, respectively. The least polymorphic in number of amplicons per locus was primer (CTC)6C, where the values were 29. According to the studied four primers, the effective number of alleles per locus ranged from 6.3 to 15.4. In silver carp, the largest number of amplicons and the highest value of the effective number of alleles per locus were observed with primer (GAG)6C and were equal to 57 and 18.5, respectively. The least polymorphic in the number of amplicons per locus was primer (CTC)6C, where the values were 34. According to the studied four primers, the effective number of alleles per locus ranged from 6.3 to 18.5. The comparative analysis of ecological and genetic changes allowed studying the genetic variability of silver and bighead carp at the population level. In addition to specific amplicons, unique DNA fragments inherent in populations at the species level have been found. Specific «species» and «population» polymorphic ISSR-markers, identified in this work, allow to use them as a basis for further comprehensive research for molecular labelling on the population level and to establish phylogenetic relationships, genomic profile of the species, as well as monitoring the genetic structure of fish. The optimized ISSR method can serve as an effective tool for further genetic studies of populations of silver carp and bighead carp. The obtained results allow controlling the selection and breeding work in the process of reproduction of the gene pool of existing fish populations. To increase the efficiency of selection and breeding work in fish farming, it is advisable to use genetic markers that have a high specificity to individual DNA fragments of fish.

GENETIC STRUCTURE OF THE KAZAKH FINE-WOOL SHEEP POPULATION BASED ON MOLECULAR GENETIC MARKERS OF DNA

2020 ◽  
pp. 2-7
Author(s):  
YU.A. YULDASHBAYEV ◽  
◽  
A.E. CHINDALIEV ◽  
S.D. NURBAEV ◽  
K.M. SEITPAN ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Structure ◽  
Population Genetic ◽  
Molecular Genetic ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Average Heterozygosity ◽  
Sheep Population ◽  
Expected Heterozygosity ◽  
Kazakh Population ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Private Alleles

The modern Kazakh population of sheep of the Kazakh fi newool breed is characterized by the following population-genetic indicators: the average number of alleles (N) – 9.5833, the average heterozygosity (expected, not) – 0.8090, the average heterozygosity (observed, but) – 0.6972, the total expected heterozygosity Ht – 0, 8177 and the individual fi xation index (Fis) – 0.1459. 115 alleles were identifi ed, including 89 typical alleles (with a frequency of more than 0.01), 26 private alleles (with a frequency of less than 0.01), and 68.9 eff ective alleles

scholarly journals The study of the variability of morphobiological indicators of different size and weight groups of hybrid silver carp (Hypophthalmichthys spp.) as a promising direction of development of the fish processing industry

10.5219/1537 ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 15 ◽  
pp. 181-191
Author(s):  
Alina Makarenko ◽  
Mikhailo Mushtruk ◽  
Natalia Rudyk-Leuska ◽  
Iryna Kononenko ◽  
Petro Shevchenko ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Silver Carp ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Biological Indicators ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Bighead Carp ◽  
Commercial Fishing ◽  
Similar Species ◽  
Fish Ponds ◽  
Weight Growth

In water reservoirs, the size and characteristics of fish, in the first place, affect – the composition and clarity of food objects, the number of food competitors and predators, their numbers, industry, and others. Besides, the rate of linear and weight growth are the arteries that determine the value of the species as an object of commercial fishing. The hybrid of silver and bighead carp easily adapts to different growing conditions (from the point of view of the formation of fish-biological indicators), protein in different years depending on feeding conditions, in one reservoir indicators of length and body weight of ribs are inadequate. Evaluating the influence of feeding conditions on the linear growth of the rib, the method of generalized evaluation was used. An indicator equal to the sum of potential fish productivity for phyto-zooplankton was used to characterize the foraging status of a particular condition in a certain period. In terms of the quality of growth indicators, the indicator of the absolute weight of nature with differentiation of farms, age groups, and years was used. The results of the research revealed significant variability in the size and weight characteristics of different groups of silver and bighead carp, which were isolated from ponds and reservoirs. According to the results of experimental studies established for the cultivation of hybrid silver and bighead carp in reservoirs, relatively high rates of linear and weight growth are expected, higher than for similar species, which is provided in the conditions of fish ponds.

scholarly journals Genetic structure and differentiation in Metrosideros polymorpha (Myrtaceae) along altitudinal gradients in Maui, Hawaii

1993 ◽  
Vol 61 (3) ◽  
pp. 159-170 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. M. Aradhya ◽  
D. Mueller-Dombois ◽  
T. A. Ranker
Keyword(s):  
Cluster Analysis ◽  
Genetic Structure ◽  
Genetic Variability ◽  
Environmental Variables ◽  
Allozyme Variation ◽  
Metrosideros Polymorpha ◽  
Altitudinal Gradients ◽  
Upgma Cluster Analysis ◽  
Different Populations ◽  
The Mean

SummaryThe level and distribution of genetic variability within and among Metrosideros polymorpha populations along altitudinal gradients on the island of Maui, Hawaii were examined to assess the extent of genetic differentiation. Sixteen loci encoding 11 enzymes were scored in 17 populations along the NE wet slope of Mt. Haleakala and Kipahulu Valley in East Maui and six populations along the Puu Kukui trail in West Maui. On average, 50% of the loci were polymorphic within populations with an overall mean of 2·15 alleles per locus. The observed heterozygosities for different populations were moderate (0·108–0·220) and conformed to panmixia except for one of the mid-elevation populations. The distribution of allozyme variation indicates that very little differentiation has occurred along altitudinal gradients. Approximately 90% of the total variation resides within populations in East Maui while 95% was found within West Maui populations. The mean populational pair-wise genetic identities (Nei's I) ranged from 0·909 to 0·998. The UPGMA cluster analysis on genetic identity matrices and PCA on allele frequencies revealed marginal altitudinal differentiation. Twenty one alleles out of a total 63 showed statistically significant correlations with environmental variables.

Structure et variabilité génétique de populations d'épinette noire (Piceamariana (Mill.) B.S.P.) dans la zone hémiarctique du Nouveau-Québec

1987 ◽  
Vol 17 (9) ◽  
pp. 1006-1012 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mireille Desponts ◽  
Jean-Pierre Simon
Keyword(s):  
Gene Flow ◽  
Genetic Structure ◽  
Genetic Variability ◽  
Gel Electrophoresis ◽  
Black Spruce ◽  
Geographic Isolation ◽  
Marginal Populations ◽  
Isolated Populations ◽  
Subarctic Region ◽  
Enzyme Systems

The genetic structure of five populations of black spruce located at l'Eau Claire Lake, in the subarctic region of Nouveau-Québec, were analysed by acrylamide gel electrophoresis of seven enzyme systems. The analysis of 25 loci disclosed an average polymorphism of 0.80 and a level of heterozygosity of 0.351. Results indicate that there is no loss of genetic variability in these marginal populations that could be attributed to genetic drift. Data based on Wright's statistics indicate an excess of heterozygotes for most loci. Populations share the same alleles at most loci and are only slightly differentiated from each other (Fst = 0.06). Results suggest that gene flow between these isolated populations remains sufficiently high to override the effect of geographic isolation.

scholarly journals Genotypic characterization of ten microsatellite loci in two Brazilian free range (Caipira) chicken lines

2015 ◽  
Vol 45 (5) ◽  
pp. 877-883 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mari Helen Pagani Possamai ◽  
Jaqueline Battilana ◽  
Ediane Paludo ◽  
Marcos Edgar Herkenhoff ◽  
Fábio Pértile ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Variability ◽  
Chain Reaction ◽  
Blood Samples ◽  
Free Range ◽  
Allele Number ◽  
Expected Heterozygosity ◽  
Number Variation ◽  
Polymerase Chain ◽  
Commercial Chickens

This study aimed to investigate the genetic variability of two Brazilian free range (Caipira) chickens lines using microsatellites analysis of ten loci. It was collected a total of 99 blood samples, which 49 were from Paraíso Pedrês (PP) and 50 were from Rubro Negra (RN) lines. The amplification of the DNA fragments was performed by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and the genotyping was conduct using ABI 3130 sequencer. The allele number variation was among 3 (LEI0254) to 32 (LEI0212) in the PP line, and 4 (LEI0254) to 31 (LEI0212) in the RN line. The allelic average per locus was 13.3 and 13.1 in the PP and RN lines, respectively. The average observed and the expected heterozygosity were 0.650 and 0.820 in the PP line, and 0.671 and 0.804 in the RN line. All of the analyzed loci were informative (PIC>0.5). These results indicate that these free-range animals have a high genetic variability, at least for the majority of the analyzed loci, and this genetic variation is higher than the commercial chickens and similar for the no-commercial birds

scholarly journals An Evaluation of the Genetic Structure of Geese Maintained in Poland on the Basis of Microsatellite Markers

Animals ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (10) ◽  
pp. 737 ◽  
Author(s):  
Warzecha ◽  
Oczkowicz ◽  
Rubis ◽  
Fornal ◽  
Szmatoła ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Genetic Structure ◽  
Genetic Variability ◽  
Microsatellite Markers ◽  
Polymorphism Information Content ◽  
Population Studies ◽  
Molecular Level ◽  
Microsatellite Data ◽  
Expected Heterozygosity ◽  
First Time

The aim of this study was to evaluate the genetic variability of the White Kołuda® goose and 12 conservative flocks: Kielecka, Podkarpacka, Garbonosa, Pomerian, Rypinska, Landes, Lubelska, Suwalska, Kartuska, Romanska, Slowacka, and Kubanska, maintained in Poland using microsatellite data. The genetic diversity of geese kept in Poland remains poorly analyzed at the molecular level. In total 392 samples were examined with the usage of 15 microsatellite markers. 119 alleles were identified and the number of alleles per locus ranged from 1 to 13. The highest number of alleles was observed in TTUCG5 (16) and the lowest in CAUD-G007 (2), while CKW47 was monomorphic. The lowest value of expected heterozygosity (He) was observed in Landes, while the highest in Romanska. Similarly, the observed heterozygosity (Ho) was the lowest in Landes but the highest in Kartuska. The polymorphism information content (PIC) indicates loci TTUCG5 as the most valuable microsatellite marker among those examined. The Structure software was used for the first time to identify goose populations, revealing high admixture between breeds and their close genetic propinquity. Moreover, the presented panel of microsatellite markers remained polymorphic and is useful for population studies of geese and assessment of genetic diversity.

A Cross Sectional Survey of Chicken Astroviruses Antibody in Broiler and Sonali (Cross-Bred) Chickens in Selected Areas in Bangladesh

2020 ◽  
Vol 43 (1) ◽  
pp. 75-80
Author(s):  
Md Zulfekar Ali ◽  
Mohammad Moktader Moula ◽  
Zafar Ahmed Bhuiyan ◽  
Muhammad Tariq Javed
Keyword(s):  
Age Groups ◽  
Winter Season ◽  
Cross Sectional Survey ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Blood Samples ◽  
Elisa Kit ◽  
Published Report ◽  
Poultry Birds ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Group B

AbstractChicken astroviruses (CAstV) are enteric viruses of poultry causing gastroenteritis, malabsorption, gout and white chick disease commonly known as runting-stunting syndrome (RSS). It can affect the wide range of poultry birds, especially chicken, turkey and duck worldwide. To our best knowledge there is no published report on presence of antibodies against CAstV in Bangladesh. Therefore, the study aimed to detect the presence of CAstV antibodies in broilers and sonali chickens (a cross-bread) in Bangladesh through a cross-sectional survey. A total of 454 blood samples from 66 flocks of broiler (n=343) and sonali chickens (n=111) of different ages were obtained during 2017 from four districts. The birds were healthy but were not vaccinated against CAstV. The samples were tested for specific antibodies against CAstV Group B by using commercially available ELISA kit. Overall, 16.74% (76/454) samples and 34.84% (23/66) flocks were positive for CAstV antibodies. The seroprevalence of CAstV was significantly (p=0.001) higher in sonali chickens (36.96%) than broiler (10.20%), while it was significantly higher (p=0.001) in birds of Bogura district (36.94%) than the other three districts. Regarding the age groups, seroprevalence was insignificantly (p=0.192) higher in sonali chicken before laying age (45%) than during laying age (27.45%). Regarding the seasons, CAstV infection was prevalent significantly (p=0.001) higher in winter season. Thus, the present study indicated the presence of CAstV in poultry in Bangladesh, so further studies are required to find out the magnitude of the problem in the country.

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