scholarly journals Effect of Solvent Conditions in Process of Extraction of Pectin from Banana Peels for the Adsorption of Fe Metal in Groundwater at UPN Veteran Yogyakarta

2021 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 479-485
Author(s):  
Wibiana Wulan Nandari ◽  
Yuli Ristianingsih ◽  
Indriana Lestari
Keyword(s):  
Adsorption Process ◽  
The Body ◽  
Optimum Conditions ◽  
Essential Metal ◽  
Effect Of Solvent ◽  
Living Things ◽  
Adsorption Processes ◽  
Metal Processing ◽  
High Doses ◽  
Fe Ions

Iron (Fe) is one of the compounds contained in heavy metals which is very dangerous for the survival of living things when in the environment around the residence that has exceeded the threshold. Fe ions can cause turbidity, corrosion, and other impacts. Iron (Fe) is a transition metal and has the atomic number 26. The oxidation numbers of Fe are +3 and +2. Fe is an essential metal for the body which in high doses is toxic. Given the various dangers caused by exposure to Fe metal, it is necessary to treat Fe metal contained in groundwater. One of the most widely used heavy metal processing methods is the adsorption process. In previous studies, many adsorption processes used activated carbon from various materials as adsorbents. In this study, pectin was extracted from banana peels with hydrochloric acid as a solvent at various temperatures and concentrations. The optimum conditions were at 80oC and a concentration of 0.35 N. The pectin obtained was 2.3171 grams.

scholarly journals Wpływ humianu sodowego z węgla brunatnego na rozwój roślin [Effect of sodium humate from lignite on plants grown under various culture conditions]

2015 ◽  
Vol 24 (2) ◽  
pp. 143-170
Author(s):  
Z. Gumińska ◽  
M. Gracz-Nalepa ◽  
B. Łukasiewicz ◽  
M. Koniarek ◽  
M. Osmelak ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Protective Effect ◽  
Harmful Effect ◽  
Culture Conditions ◽  
Optimum Conditions ◽  
Concentrated Solutions ◽  
Yield Increase ◽  
Sodium Humate ◽  
Natural Medium ◽  
High Doses ◽  
Fe Ions

The effect of humate on the uptake of Fe-ions has already been proved. In the present paper other advantages of humate are indicated. If plants are grown in optimum conditions humate has no effect. In more concentrated solutions humate acts as a preventive factor and provides for more economical use of the solution (yield increase 40%). When high doses of P and Cu are used, humate weakens their harmful effect on plants; with pH too low or too high, it acts protectively. Humate was tested also in the transplantation of vegetatively propagated young orchid plants from sterile conditions into a natural medium; in that case it also showed a protective effect.

scholarly journals Thermal Analisys of the Increase in Ambient Temperature Due to Motor Vehicle Activities

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 751-754
Keyword(s):  
Global Warming ◽  
Ambient Temperature ◽  
Motor Vehicle ◽  
The Body ◽  
Motor Vehicles ◽  
Living Things ◽  
Urban Heat ◽  
Specific Material ◽  
Temperature Heating ◽  
Earth Temperature

Global warming has become a problem of world wide, because it endangers living things. The consequences of global warming include the increase of the earth temperature and climate change. The increase of temperature (heating) in a city which is referred to urban heat island (UHI) is also the same problem in architecture. This research aimed to analyze the ambienttemperature of the UHI due to the motor vehicleactivities. Samples were taken from several locations: (1) Bahu Mall Parking area; (2) Manado Town Square 2 parking area; (3) along the Wolter Monginsidi street in front of Bahu Mall and (4) along the Piere Tendean street in front of Manado Town Square. This research used a quantitative method with a field survey. This research found that the ambient temperature increased when motor vehicles were stationary with engine on or moved. The temperature increased due to the heat from the engine and the reflection of the sun’s heat from the body of the vehicles. The heat level obtained from the survey was 34,8 0C to 39,4 0C. For this reason, a specific material for vehicle’s body is needed to prevent the increase of ambient temperature.

Abstract 19144: Fish Oil and Cyclooxygenase Inhibitors: a Novel Strategy to Manage Obesity-linked Dyslipidemia

Circulation ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 130 (suppl_2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Viswanathan Saraswathi ◽  
Curtis Perriotte-Olson ◽  
Robert D Heineman ◽  
Cyrus V Desouza
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Fish Oil ◽  
Endothelial Activation ◽  
The Body ◽  
Cyclooxygenase Inhibitors ◽  
Pcr Analysis ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Cox Inhibitor ◽  
High Doses

Introduction: Dyslipidemia is a prevalent condition in obesity and type 2 diabetes. Although fish oil rich in omega-3 fatty acids (ω-3) is a widely used hypolipidemic agent, it is often required at high doses. At high doses, these fatty acids can induce oxidative stress or endothelial activation and therefore, strategies to improve their beneficial effects are needed. We previously reported that fish oil in combination with cyclooxygenase (COX) inhibitors exerts enhanced hypolipidemic and anti-inflammatory effects in low density lipoprotein receptor knock-out mice. Here, we sought to determine the effects of ω-3 fatty acids in combination with naproxen (NX), a COX inhibitor, on dyslipidemia and gene expression in subcutaneous adipose tissue (scAT) in humans. Methods: Obese dyslipidemic patients were randomly assigned to receive one of these interventions (n=8/group) for 12 wk: 1) Standard nutrition counseling (control), 2) ω-3 (2 g twice daily), 3) NX (220 mg twice daily), and 4) ω-3 (2 g twice daily) + NX (220 mg twice daily). Results: The body mass index, HOMA-IR, and plasma total, LDL, and HDL cholesterol levels were not altered significantly in any of the groups. The percent change in plasma triglycerides (TG) from baseline was 75% ( P <0.1) and 68% ( P <0.05) in ω-3 and ω3 + NX-treated subjects, respectively. Notably, 25% of subjects who received ω-3s alone did not show a reduction in TG whereas all the patients that received ω-3 + NX showed a reduction in TG. Realtime PCR analysis of scAT showed that the expression of glucose transporter 4 (GLUT-4), a marker of glucose uptake and a key regulator of glucose homeostasis was significantly reduced in ω-3 compared to control group ( P <0.01). However, combining NX with ω-3 abolished this effect. Moreover, the expression of MCP-1 and VCAM-1, markers of inflammatory response or endothelial activation, was significantly increased in ω-3 but not in ω-3 + NX group. The plasma levels of MCP-1 and E-selectin did not vary significantly in any of the groups. Conclusions: Our data reveal previously unrecognized effects of fish oil in scAT. Our data suggest that combining NX with ω-3 fatty acids will increase their effectiveness in reducing plasma TG and improve the benefits of ω-3 supplements by favorably altering gene expression in scAT.

Inverse effect and receptor dynamics – Coffee, Opium and Wine's secondary pharmacology

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (47) ◽  
pp. 125-129
Author(s):  
Andrea Maria Signorini
Keyword(s):  
Great Part ◽  
Small Sample ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
The Body ◽  
Time Dependent ◽  
Cell Sensitivity ◽  
Time Dependent Effect ◽  
Altered Cell ◽  
High Doses ◽  
Clinical Experiments

A homeopathic widespread belief is that the inversion of effect of the drugs in homeopathic medical practice is due to dilution or very low doses, but there are many homeopathic incoherencies. For example the first conception of the similia principle was obtained through planned, small sample, clinical experiments with ponderal/pharmacological doses in healthy and diseased subjects1. Furthermore the classical foundations of the similia principle in Organon2, the primary and secondary actions of drugs, were thought to be connected with opposite, time-dependent reactions of the body to high doses and the inversion of effect was seen in temporal sequence after a strong dose and not after changes of doses, so the idea that dilutions are responsible for inversion of effects is not suitable to the classical theory. And lastly homeopathic provings or pathogenetic trials have frequently mixed, unregarded to the doses, occasional toxicological symptoms and symptoms obtained through diluted substances3, reinforcing the idea that, on healthy subjects, in several cases many substances produce the same symptoms in pharmacological or infinitesimal doses. So at least the dose-dependent inversion of effect is not generalized in a great part of the collected symptoms. Biological foundations to similia principle have to be searched in other directions4, as in different sensitivity to drugs between health and disease, or in different time-dependent effect of drugs on specific, but different, cell sensitivity set point. In the vision described here both these possibilities represent the same phenomenon of altered cell sensitivity. It is aim of this article to show that the original hahnemannian idea to explain homeopathic similia principle starting from a pharmacological and biological point of view with ponderal doses, seems correct, rationally comprehensible and based on modern knowledges. The three pharmacologic examples that best illustrate this reasoning, coffe, opium and wine, will be discussed.

Utilization of Powdered Cassava Stem as an Alternative Bioadsorbent for Lead (Pb2+) Removal from Aqueous Solution

2021 ◽  
Vol 1033 ◽  
pp. 82-86
Author(s):  
Tintin Mutiara ◽  
Andira Budi Trimartina ◽  
Rafika Erniza Putri ◽  
Achmad Chafidz
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Industrial Waste ◽  
Contact Time ◽  
Metal Ion ◽  
Adsorption Process ◽  
Cellulose Content ◽  
Optimum Conditions ◽  
Adsorption Method ◽  
Cassava Stem ◽  
Mesh Sieve

Industrial waste containing heavy metals can pollute the aquatic environment. One method that can be done to manage heavy waste is the adsorption method that uses adsorbent from cassava stem powder. This research was conducted to utilize cassava stem powder waste for the adsorption of Pb2 + metal ions. Cassava stem powder was mashed until it passed 100 mesh sieve. Cassava stems have a cellulose content of 70-80%, lignin 15-20%, ADF 15-20% and cellulose can be used as an absorber of heavy metals. The adsorption process is carried out with variations in pH, time and concentration under optimum conditions. In this adsorption involves the functional groups contained therein so that the interaction between the adsorbent with the metal ion Pb2 +. Based on the research, the optimum conditions were obtained at pH 6, 180 minutes contact time and 50 ppm concentration. This test is carried out using Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy (AAS).

Enhanced decolorization of dyes by an iron modified clay and thermodynamic parameters

2016 ◽  
Vol 73 (8) ◽  
pp. 2007-2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. Contreras Olivares ◽  
M. C. Díaz-Nava ◽  
M. Solache-Ríos
Keyword(s):  
Thermodynamic Parameters ◽  
Adsorption Process ◽  
Sorption Kinetics ◽  
Homogeneous Material ◽  
Modified Clay ◽  
Adsorption Capacities ◽  
Adsorption Processes ◽  
Kinetics And Isotherms ◽  
Material Temperature ◽  
Maximum Removal

The sorption processes of red 5 (R5) and yellow 5 (Y5) dyes by iron modified and sodium bentonite in aqueous solutions was evaluated. The modified clay was prepared, conditioned and characterized. The sodium clay did not remove any of either dye. The sorption kinetics and isotherms of R5 and Y5 dyes by iron modified clay were determined. The maximum removal percentages achieved were 97% and 98% for R5 and Y5, respectively, and a contact time of 72 h; the experimental data were best adjusted to Ho model. The isotherms of both dyes were best adjusted to the Langmuir model and the maximum adsorption capacities of the modified clay were 11.26 mg/g and 5.28 mg/g for R5 and Y5, respectively. These results indicate that adsorption processes have a high probability to be described as chemisorption on a homogeneous material. Temperature range between 283 and 213 K does not affect the adsorption of Y5 by the iron modified clay, but the adsorption process of R5 was affected, and the thermodynamic parameters could be calculated, which indicate a chemisorption mechanism.

scholarly journals Concentration of the carcinogenic material in a Venezuelan spindle oil by simultaneous molecular distillation and chromatographic adsorption

1944 ◽  
Vol 43 (4) ◽  
pp. 248-251
Author(s):  
J. M. Twort ◽  
R. Lyth
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Distillation ◽  
Room Temperature ◽  
Adsorption Process ◽  
Active Material ◽  
Animal Experiments ◽  
Practical Work ◽  
Inert Material ◽  
Crystalline Solids ◽  
Low Viscosity ◽  
Adsorption Processes

Some concentration of the carcinogenic material in a Venezuelan spindle grade oil has been affected by simultaneous molecular distillation, and further concentration has also been accomplished by subjecting one of the more carcinogenic of these distillates to chromatographic adsorption. Animal experiments revealed that this distillate was about twice as carcinogenic as the oil from which it was derived. Two small fractions obtained from this distillate by chromatographic adsorption were painted on the skin of a few mice and both appeared to be appreciably more carcinogenic than the distillate from which they were derived. Further experiments with one of these fractions and the distillate, not yet completed, indicate that this fraction is at least five times as strong as the distillate from which it was derived. Thus by a combination of molecular distillation and chromatographic adsorption processes we have obtained a fraction about ten times as strong as the original oil. During the chromatographic adsorption process large quantities of colourless, low index, inert or almost inert material of relatively low viscosity have been separated from the highly coloured active remainder. It would appear that the most active material is highly viscous at room temperature, but its activity may be due to the presence in it of crystalline solids.In conclusion we wish to express our thanks to our steward, Mr L. Norburn, for his valuable assistance in the practical work.

scholarly journals Characterization and Evaluation of Zeolite A/Fe3O4 Nanocomposite as a Potential Adsorbent for Removal of Organic Molecules from Wastewater

2019 ◽  
Vol 2019 ◽  
pp. 1-13 ◽  
Author(s):  
Emmanuel Nyankson ◽  
Jonas Adjasoo ◽  
Johnson Kwame Efavi ◽  
Reuben Amedalor ◽  
Abu Yaya ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Adsorption Process ◽  
Isotherm Models ◽  
Adsorption Efficiency ◽  
Ferrous Chloride ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Intraparticle Diffusion Model ◽  
Adsorption Processes ◽  
Langmuir Isotherm Model ◽  
Pseudo Second Order ◽  
Chloride Salts

In this work, zeolite (Z) and Z-Fe3O4 nanocomposite (Z-Fe3O4 NC) have been synthesized. The Fe3O4 nanoparticles were synthesized using the extract from maize leaves and ferric and ferrous chloride salts and encapsulated into the zeolite framework. The nanocomposite (Z-Fe3O4 NC) was characterized using X-ray diffractometer (XRD), Fourier-transform infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy, energy-dispersive X-ray (EDX) spectroscopy, and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The potential of Z-Fe3O4 NC as an adsorbent for removing methylene blue molecules (MB) from solution was examined using UV-Vis and kinetic and equilibrium isotherm models. The adsorption data fitted best with the pseudo-second-order model and Weber and Morris model, indicating that the adsorption process was chemisorption, while the Weber and Morris described the rate-controlling steps. The intraparticle diffusion model suggests that the adsorption processes were pore and surface diffusion controlled. The Langmuir isotherm model best describes the adsorption process indicating homogeneous monolayer coverage of MB molecules onto the surface of the Z-Fe3O4 NC. The maximum Langmuir adsorption capacity was 2.57 mg/g at 25°C. The maximum adsorption efficiency was 97.5%. After regeneration, the maximum adsorption efficiency achieved at a pH of 7 was 82.6%.

scholarly journals Effect of novel phenothiazine derivatives on brain dopamine in Wistar rats

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Chandravadivelu Gopi ◽  
Vedula Girija Sastry ◽  
Magharla Dasaratha Dhanaraju
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Spectroscopic Method ◽  
The Body ◽  
Dopamine Level ◽  
Phenothiazine Derivatives ◽  
Brain Dopamine ◽  
Standard Drug ◽  
Living Things ◽  
Double Beam ◽  
The Brain

Abstract Background Neurotransmitters are involved in several functions in the brain and the body of living things. Changes in the level of neurotransmitters in the brain are associated with several illnesses. Some of the drugs are controlling the neurotransmitter by adjusting the level in the brain and are exclusively used in the treatment of psychological disorders. The purpose of the study was to find out the effect of novel synthesised phenothiazine derivatives (GC1, GC2 and GC8) either alone (7.5 mg/kg or 15 mg/kg, oral) or in combination with amphetamine on the experimental animals. Results Dopamine level in rat brain was estimated by a spectroscopic method using the UV-visible double beam spectrophotometer at 735 nm. The results revealed that these derivatives blocked the brain dopamine level significantly. The compound GC8 (15 mg/kg) significantly reduced the level of dopamine (0.151 ± 0.04, 0.284 ± 0.03) as similar to that of a standard drug. Furthermore, compounds GC2 (15 mg/kg) and GC1 (15 mg/kg) exhibited a varying level of dopamine inhibition level and have been found at 0.203 ± 0.06 μg/ml, 0.302 ± 0.04 μg/ml, 0.234 ± 0.02 μg/ml and 0.318 ± 0.07 μg/ml, respectively, after the administration of these derivatives either alone or in combination with amphetamine. Conclusions The study revealed that the compound 2-amino-6-(3-hydroxy-4-methyl phenyl) pyrimidine-4-yl) (7-chloro-10-(3- (N, N-dimethylamino) propyl)-10H-phenothiazine-3-yl) methanone (GC8, 15 mg/kg) extensively reduced the dopamine level. The order of dopamine-inhibiting effect of the selected compound was found to be GC8 > GC2 > GC1. The increased body weight and relative brain-body weight were also observed in the tested animals due to more intake of food and fluid retention. Graphical abstract

Preclinical toxicology studies with Y15, a novel focal adhesion kinase (FAK) inhibitor.

2013 ◽  
Vol 31 (15_suppl) ◽  
pp. e13561-e13561
Author(s):  
William G. Cance ◽  
Leslie Curtin ◽  
Sandra Buitrago ◽  
Vita Golubovskaya
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Focal Adhesion Kinase ◽  
Focal Adhesion ◽  
Oral Delivery ◽  
Clinical Chemistry ◽  
Small Animal ◽  
The Body ◽  
Large Animal ◽  
Toxicology Study ◽  
High Doses

e13561 Background: Focal Adhesion Kinase (FAK) is overexpressed in many types of tumors and plays a major role in survival signaling. Recently, we developed a FAK scaffolding inhibitor, Y15 that targeted the main FAK autophosphorylation site (Y397) and had high efficacy in blocking tumor growth in many xenograft mice models. We performed a small animal toxicology study of Y15 and detected the maximal tolerated dose of this drug in mice. Methods: The toxicology study was performed in CD-1 albino [Hsd:ICR(CD-1)] mice with Y15 inhibitor delivered either by intraperitoneal injection (IP) or by oral delivery. Clinical chemistry data were collected by Hemagen Analyst II automatic Chemistry analyzer. In addition, hematology, body weight, mortality, and histopathology on different organs were analyzed in all mice. Results: We delivered Y15 by IP injection at 15 (low), 30 (medium) and 45 mg/kg (high) doses daily for 5 days/week during a 28 day study, or orally by gavage at 100 and 200 mg/kg daily during a 7 day study. The maximal tolerated dose by IP during 28 day study was 30 mg/kg. The maximal tolerated dose during single oral dose administration was 200 mg/kg and 100 mg/kg during 7 day study. Y15 did not cause any mortality or statistically significant differences in the body weight at 30mg/kg IP delivery during a 28-day study and at 100 mg/kg by oral delivery during a 7 day study. There were no significant clinical chemistry changes in alkaline phosphatase, gamma glutamyltransferase, aspartate aminotransferase, alanine aminotransferase, amylase, blood urea nitrogen, glucose, phosphorus, calcium, albumin, cholesterol, creatine kinase, total bilirubin, total protein and globulin. Finally, no significant histopathological changes were observed by necropsy in different organs at 30 mg/kg by IP and at 100 mg/kg dose by oral delivery. Conclusions: The Y15 FAK autophosphorylation inhibitor is well tolerated in mice and caused no significant toxicity by IP and oral delivery, suggesting it is a promising candidate for further large animal toxicology study prior to human trials.

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