Peaceful Revolutions in Algeria and Sudan: the Factor of the Coronavirus Pandemic

2021 ◽  
pp. 37-46
Author(s):  
Nailia Fakhrutdinova
Keyword(s):  
Driving Forces ◽  
Arab Countries ◽  
African Studies ◽  
Long Period ◽  
First Time ◽  
Further Development ◽  
Over Time

The article deals with the problem of the post Arabic spring situation. Only three Arab countries remained unchanged in Africa: Morocco, Algeria and Sudan. After a long period of time their protesters remained outside the zone of active action, but over time they appeared in the streets again. The circumstances forced people to take to the streets. Moroccans were in a better situation, but gradually the population of Algeria and Sudan where the situation was especially serious began to criticize the policy of the authorities, although they did it exclusively peacefully. For the first time in Russian African studies, the author assesses all the driving forces of the events at the end of 2020 and early 2021 and, emphasizing the complications brought by the coronavirus pandemic, makes an analytical forecast for the further development of the situation.

scholarly journals REDES NEURAIS CONVOLUCIONAIS E PADRÃO CPAQV 100 PARA ANÁLISE DO MOVIMENTO HUMANO

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-10
Author(s):  
Guanis de Barros Vilela Junior ◽  
Carlos Henrique Prevital Fileni ◽  
Ricardo Pablo Passos
Keyword(s):  
Education System ◽  
Educational Systems ◽  
Long Period ◽  
The World ◽  
Educational Structures ◽  
The Masses ◽  
First Time ◽  
Over Time

The complexity of the entire education system fascinates, intrigues, and annoys millions of teachers, students, and managers around the world. First, through the recognition by the majority of the population of the unquestionable advances that the consolidation of educational systems has provided over time, first in the service of kings and after a long period of elitization, it is the first time in history that we have the massification of education, either. she presential or virtual. The reflux of this scenario is obvious and even cliché: knowledge for the masses is dangerous; after all, knowledge remains an uncontested form of power. The purpose of this paper is to reflect how different educational structures and changes thatoccurred at the same and different speeds, formed a superstructure, in the Althusserian sense, capable of reinforcing values, ideologies and perhaps this is uneducated; until the collapse of consolidated dystopia for centuries that this superstructure would never collapse. It is in this transfenomenal scenario that we will see how Education 5.0 is coming with the sagacity of a hungry beast. Our challenge? Feed her.

The Role of Vascular Aging in Atherosclerotic Plaque Development and Vulnerability

2019 ◽  
Vol 25 (29) ◽  
pp. 3098-3111 ◽  
Author(s):  
Luca Liberale ◽  
Giovanni G. Camici
Keyword(s):  
Atherosclerotic Plaque ◽  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Driving Forces ◽  
Plaque Burden ◽  
Vascular Aging ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Plaque Development ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Over Time

Background: The ongoing demographical shift is leading to an unprecedented aging of the population. As a consequence, the prevalence of age-related diseases, such as atherosclerosis and its thrombotic complications is set to increase in the near future. Endothelial dysfunction and vascular stiffening characterize arterial aging and set the stage for the development of cardiovascular diseases. Atherosclerotic plaques evolve over time, the extent to which these changes might affect their stability and predispose to sudden complications remains to be determined. Recent advances in imaging technology will allow for longitudinal prospective studies following the progression of plaque burden aimed at better characterizing changes over time associated with plaque stability or rupture. Oxidative stress and inflammation, firmly established driving forces of age-related CV dysfunction, also play an important role in atherosclerotic plaque destabilization and rupture. Several genes involved in lifespan determination are known regulator of redox cellular balance and pre-clinical evidence underlines their pathophysiological roles in age-related cardiovascular dysfunction and atherosclerosis. Objective: The aim of this narrative review is to examine the impact of aging on arterial function and atherosclerotic plaque development. Furthermore, we report how molecular mechanisms of vascular aging might regulate age-related plaque modifications and how this may help to identify novel therapeutic targets to attenuate the increased risk of CV disease in elderly people.

scholarly journals UV Inscription and Pressure Induced Long-Period Gratings through 3D Printed Amplitude Masks

Sensors ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (6) ◽  
pp. 1977
Author(s):  
Ricardo Oliveira ◽  
Liliana M. Sousa ◽  
Ana M. Rocha ◽  
Rogério Nogueira ◽  
Lúcia Bilro
Keyword(s):  
State Of The Art ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Resonance Wavelength ◽  
Complex Structures ◽  
Pressing Method ◽  
Long Period ◽  
Long Period Gratings ◽  
3D Printed ◽  
Mechanical Pressing ◽  
First Time

In this work, we demonstrate for the first time the capability to inscribe long-period gratings (LPGs) with UV radiation using simple and low cost amplitude masks fabricated with a consumer grade 3D printer. The spectrum obtained for a grating with 690 µm period and 38 mm length presented good quality, showing sharp resonances (i.e., 3 dB bandwidth < 3 nm), low out-of-band loss (~0.2 dB), and dip losses up to 18 dB. Furthermore, the capability to select the resonance wavelength has been demonstrated using different amplitude mask periods. The customization of the masks makes it possible to fabricate gratings with complex structures. Additionally, the simplicity in 3D printing an amplitude mask solves the problem of the lack of amplitude masks on the market and avoids the use of high resolution motorized stages, as is the case of the point-by-point technique. Finally, the 3D printed masks were also used to induce LPGs using the mechanical pressing method. Due to the better resolution of these masks compared to ones described on the state of the art, we were able to induce gratings with higher quality, such as low out-of-band loss (0.6 dB), reduced spectral ripples, and narrow bandwidths (~3 nm).

scholarly journals African Studies Keyword: Democracy

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-29
Author(s):  
Nic Cheeseman ◽  
Sishuwa Sishuwa
Keyword(s):  
English Language ◽  
Public Support ◽  
Political Life ◽  
African Studies ◽  
Over Time

Abstract Democracy is one of the most contested words in the English language. In Africa, these complexities are compounded by the question of whether democracy is a colonial imposition. Cheeseman and Sishuwa provide a historiography of debates around democracy, track how these narratives have developed over time, and argue that there is widespread public support for a form of what they call “consensual democracy.” This is not to say that democracy is universally loved, but despite the controversy it remains one of the most compelling ideals in political life, even in countries in which it is has yet to be realized.

scholarly journals Prolonged efficacy of pembrolizumab in a patient presenting a multi-treated metastatic hepatocholangiocarcinoma

2020 ◽  
Vol 13 ◽  
pp. 175628482093518 ◽  
Author(s):  
Angélique Saint ◽  
Maxime Benchetrit ◽  
Sébastien Novellas ◽  
Denis Ouzan ◽  
Alexander Tuan Falk ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Therapeutic Strategy ◽  
Complete Response ◽  
It Management ◽  
Tumor Control ◽  
Line Treatment ◽  
Viral Hepatitis C ◽  
Programmed Cell Death 1 ◽  
First Time ◽  
Inhibitor Treatment ◽  
Over Time

Introduction: Hepatocholangiocarcinoma (HCC-ICC) is a rare tumor presenting the histologic characteristics of both hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma (ICC). As there is no consensus on it management, the therapeutic strategy rests on the specific treatments for HCC or ICC. Programmed cell death 1 (PD-1) inhibitors showed encouraging results in the second line treatment of HCC after sorafenib but it efficacy in HCC-ICC has never been reported. Methods and results: We present the case of a 72-year-old male patient treated for metastatic HCC-ICC due to a viral hepatitis C cirrhosis in progression after two lines of treatment. Tumor was characterized by a PDL-1 status of 85%. Patient received pembrolizumab at doses of 200 mg every 21 days by intravenous infusion. After one injection he was presented an immediate clinical benefit, a partial response was observed after two months of treatment and a complete response two months later. This response was maintained over time along with toxicity-free tumor control after 18 months treatment. Conclusion: To our knowledge, we reported for the first time the efficacy of a PD1 inhibitor treatment in a patient presenting metastatic HCC-ICC due to viral cirrhosis and overexpressing PDL-1 after failure of two lines of treatment.

Observation of gliding tremors from the Gulf of Guinea might help solve over 50 year old mystery

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Charlotte Bruland ◽  
Sarah Mader ◽  
Céline Hadziioannou
Keyword(s):  
Spectral Analysis ◽  
Volcanic Activity ◽  
Rayleigh Waves ◽  
Spectral Characteristics ◽  
Gulf Of Guinea ◽  
Seismic Amplitude ◽  
Long Period ◽  
Amplitude Spectra ◽  
Using Data ◽  
Over Time

&lt;p&gt;In the 1960's a peak in the seismic amplitude spectra around 26 s was discovered and detected on stations worldwide. The source was located in the Gulf of Guinea, with approximate coordinates (0,0), and was believed to be generated continuously. A source with similar spectral characteristics was discovered near the Vanuatu Islands, at nearly the antipodal location of the Gulf of Guinea source. Since it was located close to the volcanoes in Vanuatu, this source is commonly attributed to magmatic processes. The physical cause of the 26 s microseism, however, remains unclear.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;We investigate the source location and evolution of the 26 s microseim using data from permanent broadband stations in Germany, France and Algeria and temporary arrays in Morocco, Cameroon and Botswana for spectral analysis and 3-C beamforming to get closer to resolving the source mechanism responsible for this enigmatic signal. We find that the signal modulates over time and is not always detectable, but occasionally it becomes so energetic it can be observed on stations worldwide. Such a burst can last for hours or days. The signal is visible on stations globally approximately 30 percent of the time. Our beamforming analysis confirms that the source is located in the Gulf of Guinea, as shown in previous studies, and that the location is temporally stable. Whenever the signal is detectable, both Love and Rayleigh waves are generated. We discover a spectral glide effect associated with the bursts, that so far has not been reported in the literature.&amp;#160;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;The spectral glides last for about two days and are observed on stations globally. Although at higher frequencies, very long period tremors and gliding tremors are also observed on volcanoes as Redoubt in Alaska and Arenal in Costa Rica, suggesting that the origin of the 26 s tremor is also volcanic. However, there is no reported volcanic activity in the area where the source appears to be located.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/p&gt;

More on Diamonds and De Beers

2021 ◽  
pp. 120-126
Author(s):  
Yury Skubko ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Cold War ◽  
South African ◽  
Industrial Development ◽  
Previous Analysis ◽  
African Studies ◽  
Internal Colonialism ◽  
Long Period ◽  
De Beers

The author develops and supplements his previous analysis of a long period of Moscow’s confidential cooperation with South African diamond cartel De Beers, both forced and mutually beneficial, initially in the 1920s, then from late 1950s to early 1990s (Journal of the Institute for African Studies №3(40),2017). According to recently released documents such cooperation also continued between these two periods. It provided Soviet enterprises with imported industrial diamonds for precision instruments and augmented the country’s defense potential during the period of toughest Western Cold war sanctions in 1949–1953, before the discovery and extraction of rich deposits of Yakut diamonds. The article contains some interesting evidence of Russian diaspora involvement in South African industrial development. The author also calls for greater objectivity in historic analysis of the period of South African internal colonialism and anti-apartheid struggle.

Late Miocene to present-day tectonostratigraphy of the northern central Algerian Basin: Evidence of a contractional salt system from reprocessed seismic data

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Simon Blondel ◽  
Angelo Camerlenghi ◽  
Anna Del Ben ◽  
Massimo Bellucci
Keyword(s):  
Seismic Data ◽  
Driving Forces ◽  
Salt System ◽  
Good Resolution ◽  
Deep Basin ◽  
The North ◽  
Depth Processing ◽  
Deformation Intensity ◽  
First Time ◽  
Seismic Lines

&lt;p&gt;This study presents the interpretation of reprocessed seismic data covering the southwestern Balearic promontory and the central Algerian basin. The new depth processing of 2D seismic lines dataset allows for the first time a good resolution on salt structures in the deep basin. Most of the salt structures result from active diapirism. In the deep basin, sedimentary loads and regional shortening are proposed to be the dominant driving forces, showing an overall contractional salt system. The north Algerian margin tectonic reactivation could have provoked a regional shortening of the salt structures and overburden. Identified unconformities suggest that this process probably started shortly after salt deposition and is still active nowadays. It is expressed by salt sheets, pinched diapirs and a d&amp;#233;collement level. The African convergence and the narrowness of the western Algerian basin could be the explanation of an overall greater salt deformation intensity compared to the eastern Algerian basin. This demonstrates how in tectonic and sedimentary components appear to be dominant in salt deformation in the central Algerian basin compared to gravitational gliding, only localized in the proximal parts of the margin.&lt;/p&gt;

CHARACTERISTICS OF AGE-DEPENDENT CHANGES IN THE URINE'S PROTEOM COMPOSITION OF THE HEALTHY PERSONS (EXPERIMENTAL AND THEORETICAL STUDY)

2020 ◽  
pp. 735-740
Author(s):  
Л. Х. Пастушкова ◽  
Д. Н. Каширина ◽  
А. Г. Гончарова ◽  
Н. Б. Захарова ◽  
Е. С. Тийс ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Signaling Pathway ◽  
Insulin Signaling ◽  
Defense Mechanisms ◽  
Theoretical Study ◽  
Clinical Manifestations ◽  
Age Dependent ◽  
First Time ◽  
Healthy Persons ◽  
Over Time

Впервые описаны белки, достоверно увеличивающиеся и уменьшающиеся в моче с возрастом в интервале 20-60 лет. Охарактеризованы комбинации белков, связанных с изменением иммунных процессов, нарушением реологии крови, в том числе риском коагулопатии, противоопухолевых защитных механизмов, инсулинового сигнального пути, с изменением характеристик клеточного деления и качества новообразованной ткани. Таким образом, возрастная динамика основных процессов запускает каскад реакций, проявляющихся в замыкании «патологических биохимических кругов», которые формируют предпосылки к развитию заболеваний и, с течением времени, клинические проявления. For the first time proteins are described, reliably increasing and decreasing in urine with age in the range of 20 to 60 years. The combinations of proteins associated with changes in immune processes, violation of blood reology, including the risk of coagulopathy, anticancer defense mechanisms, insulin signaling pathway, changes in cell characteristics are characterized division and quality of the newly formed fabric. Thus, the age dynamics of the main processes triggers a cascade of reactions manifested in the closure of «pathological biochemical circles» that form the prerequisites for the development of diseases and, over time, clinical manifestations.

scholarly journals 902. A Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Study to Evaluate the Efficacy of a Single Immunization of Ad26.RSV.preF against RSV Infection in a Viral Challenge Model in Healthy Adults

2019 ◽  
Vol 6 (Supplement_2) ◽  
pp. S27-S28 ◽  
Author(s):  
John DeVincenzo ◽  
Efi Gymnopoulou ◽  
Els De Paepe ◽  
Bryan Murray ◽  
Arangassery Rosemary Bastian ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Disease Severity ◽  
Healthy Adults ◽  
Controlled Study ◽  
Clinical Strain ◽  
Double Blind ◽  
Double Blind Placebo ◽  
Qrt Pcr ◽  
Rsv Infection ◽  
First Time ◽  
Over Time

Abstract Background Despite the high disease burden of RSV in older adults and children, there is currently no approved vaccine. Ad26.RSV.preF, an experimental RSV vaccine, has demonstrated immunogenicity and tolerability in first-in-human clinical studies. The aim of this study was to assess the potential of the Ad26.RSV.preF vaccine to protect against RSV infection and disease in an established RSV human challenge model, used for the first time to evaluate a vaccine. Methods We conducted a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, human challenge study (NCT03334695). Healthy adults received 1 × 1011 vp Ad26.RSV.preF vaccine (active) or placebo (pbo) intramuscularly. After 28 days, volunteers were challenged intranasally with a low-passage clinical strain of RSV-A (0.8 mL of Memphis 37b) and then quarantined for 12 days. Nasal washes were collected twice daily throughout quarantine, starting 2 days post-challenge (viral load [VL] by qRT-PCR and quantitative cultures). Disease severity was recorded thrice daily using symptom diary cards. Results Fifty-three volunteers (active, n = 27; pbo, n = 26) were challenged with RSV-A. Quantitative viral assessments were consistently lower in active than pbo. The primary endpoint of the study was met: the area under the curve (AUC) for RSV VL over time (via qRT-PCR) was significantly lower in active pbo (P = 0.012). Median peak VL was lower for active (0 log10 copies/mL) than pbo (5.4 log10 copies/mL). Median AUC for RSV VL over time (quantitative culture) was lower for active than pbo (0 vs. 109, P = 0.002). Disease severity was lower for active than pbo, with a median AUC total symptom score of 35 (active) vs. 167 (pbo) (P = 0.002). Overall, RSV infection (defined by qRT-PCR alone or combined with symptoms) and disease severity over time were lower in active vs. pbo. Conclusion RSV infections, VL, and RSV disease severity were consistently lower in healthy adults receiving Ad26.RSV.preF vs. placebo, demonstrating promising protection from RSV infection and disease. This was the first time that antiviral prevention was observed against RSV after active immunization. Ad26.RSV.preF warrants further evaluation in field trials for efficacy against natural RSV infections in populations considered at risk of severe RSV disease. Disclosures All Authors: No reported Disclosures.

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