Comparative analysis of Soviet and Russian school education

Author(s):  
E.A. Alexandrova ◽  
◽  
T.V. Karlova ◽  

Currently, the Russian Federation is implementing the national project «Education», the key goals of which are to ensure the global competitiveness of Russian education and to become one of the top 10 countries in the world in terms of quality of education. The article presents a comparative analysis of the principles of the educational systems of the Soviet and Russian schools. The article describes the key advantages and disadvantages of education in the Soviet era, which was based on ZUN (knowledge, skills). The article reveals the advantages and disadvantages of modern Russian education, the fundamental core of which is UUD (universal educational actions). The article emphasizes that, despite the introduction of the second-generation Federal state educational standards and the introduction of innovative technologies, the level of quality of education in the USSR (the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics) was higher than at present.

Author(s):  
Иван Иванников ◽  
Ivan Ivannikov

The article actualizes the question of the quality of legal education in modern Russia, its relationship with the security of society and the state. Unlike the Russian Empire and the USSR, the quality of legal education in the Russian Federation is low. Three main problems of poor quality of education were noted: 1) to obtain a unified master's legal education without a basic bachelor's legal education, that is, people who do not have a first level are admitted to the second level of education; 2) a large number of non-core universities and non-state educational institutions that train lawyers in the absence of the required number of qualified teaching staff: 3) paid education in the specialties on which the life and destiny of a person depends, first of all, medicine and jurisprudence. The author also opposes the practice of providing certificates of non-conviction from the bodies of the Ministry of Internal Affairs. The prohibition to engage in any activity can be fixed only in the law and only by a court decision.


2019 ◽  
pp. 41-43
Author(s):  
Aleksandr Aleksandrovich Kiselev

The article shows the problems of improving the quality of Russian education related to the understanding of the essence of competencies. In spite of the constant «updates» of the Federal State Educational Standards for Higher Education (FES of HE), there is no obvious qualitative change in the solution of this problem. And first of all, it refers to what is not clear: what and how students should be taught, although the standards define that students should have the necessary competencies to perform a professional activity. However, despite numerous discussions, a clear understanding of the scientific essence of the concept of «competence», as a rule, is not given anywhere. And this today, in our opinion, is the main problem and obstacle in the qualitative improvement of the educational process in domestic universities.


Author(s):  
Stanislav Pimenovich Russkov

This article looks through the current problem of the modern educational system – the need of pedagogical maintenance of algorithmic system of monitoring of FSES requirements in educational establishment in order to deduce and fetch out the results of pedagogical activity. The author analyses the system of quality evaluation of education, used in schools, points the possible forms and types of formalisation of FSES requirements’ results in educational establishment. The article also suggests to use different ways to get the information for the purpose of evaluation and diagnostics of the quality of education.


2021 ◽  
pp. 86-92
Author(s):  
Анна Викторовна Пивоварова ◽  
Елена Евгеньевна Сартакова

В России в начале XXI в. развитие системы общего образования, соответствующей запросам формирующегося информационного общества, в условиях сельской местности осуществлялось в процессе реализации различных концепций и программ (реструктуризации, введения профильного обучения, Комплексного проекта модернизации образования, модернизации региональных образовательных систем, внедрение Федеральных государственных образовательных стандартов общего образования (далее ФГОС) и др.), что обусловило развитие инновационных процессов не только в области содержания образования, способов его реализации, но и организации процессов обучения и воспитания. Так, реализация Национального проекта «Образование», предполагает решение задач по созданию системы общего образования, входящей в 10-ку лучших в мире. В данной статье проведен сравнительный анализ образовательных результатов обучающихся сельских и городских школ. Образовательные достижения учеников сельских школ отличаются от тех, которые показывают обучающиеся городских, и обусловлены различными факторами. В условиях сельских территорий особенно значимым становится взаимодействие основных участников отношений в сфере образования между собой: педагогический и управляющий состав школы, обучающиеся, их родители, органы управления образованием муниципального и регионального уровней. In Russia at the beginning of the XXI century . the development of a general education system that meets the needs of the emerging information society in rural areas was carried out in the process of implementing various concepts and programs (restructuring, introduction of specialized training, a comprehensive education modernization project, modernization of regional educational systems, introduction of Federal State Educational Standards of General Education (hereinafter referred to as the Federal State Educational Standard), etc.), which led to the development of innovative processes not only in the field of educational content, ways of its implementation, but also the organization of the processes of education and upbringing. Thus, the implementation of the National Project "Education" involves solving the tasks of creating a general education system that is among the top 10 in the world. In this article, a comparative analysis of the educational results of students of rural and urban schools is carried out. The educational achievements of rural school students differ from those shown by urban students, and are due to various factors. In the conditions of rural areas, the interaction of the main participants in relations in the field of education among themselves becomes especially significant: the pedagogical and administrative staff of the school, students, their parents, educational authorities at the municipal and regional levels.


2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (3) ◽  
pp. 3-12
Author(s):  
Е. Кроер ◽  
E. Kroer

The article is devoted to the analysis of monitoring federal state educational standard implementation results for preschool education in educational organizations introducing educational programs for preschool education. The federal state educational standard introduction results, and federal state educational standard implementation results for preschool education for 2016–2018 were reviewed and analyzed. According to the requirements for the federal state educational standard implementation, all monitoring indicators are divided into fi ve groups. Within each group, the analysis was conducted and conclusions were drawn on the results of the federal state educational standard implementation for preschool education in federal districts. Promoting the development of preschool education is one of the priorities of the state program «Development of Education», aimed to ensure the availability and quality of preschool education in all constituent territory of the Russian Federation.


Author(s):  
Рашид Мухаев ◽  
Rashid Muhaev

This publication is one of the first textbooks on the subject "Theory and practice of Government Relations" and a complete guide to GR, the content of which is based on a comparative analysis of the theories, strategies and technologies of communication of interested groups with state and municipal authorities in different countries. The status and nature of GR as a science and art are revealed, methodological and applied issues of designing strategies and practices for converting functional groups ' requests, including business structures, into a mechanism for making and implementing political decisions are revealed. When using the strategy of comparative analysis, communicative practices of interaction of interested groups and authorities in the United States are considered. in the countries of Western Europe, Japan and China, the advantages and disadvantages of national models of GR are revealed, strategies and technologies of positioning of interest groups in Russia, the mechanism of promotion of corporate requests in the public sphere are shown. Corresponds to the Federal state educational standard of higher education of the last generation. The legislation of different countries on GR-practices is relevant as of July 1, 2018. For students of higher educational institutions studying in the areas of "Advertising and PR", "State and municipal administration", "political Science".


2020 ◽  
Vol 210 ◽  
pp. 22031
Author(s):  
Vera Demina ◽  
Svetlana Demina ◽  
Oksana Kozhukalova ◽  
Irina Zayakina

The aim of the work is to study the compliance of the quality of education in Russia with the requirements determined by the needs of the Russian society. The article reveals the genesis of such categories as" quality of education "and"quality of products and services". The features of educational services as a public good in the forms of market relations are revealed. The structure and role of various consumers of educational services are defined separately, and a classification of the needs and requirements of consumers to the quality of education is proposed. In the course of the research, such methods as analysis and synthesis, induction and deduction, and statistical methods for studying the economic situation were used. The empirical base of the research is scientific works of Russian and foreign authors on the problems of education quality, National standards of the Russian Federation and International standards in the field of quality, the Federal law "on education in the Russian Federation", Federal state educational standards of the Russian Federation, official data of the Federal Treasury and the Federal state statistics service of the Russian Federation.


2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (26) ◽  
pp. 74-81 ◽  
Author(s):  
Georgi T. Klinkov ◽  
Mikhail A. Rodionov ◽  
Nikolay P. Bakharev ◽  
Ekaterina V. Vezetiu ◽  
Ekaterina V. Vovk

Competence-based approach, becoming dominant in the system of higher education, marked the transition from traditional methods and means of education to the use of innovative technologies. Modern higher schools under the influence of the requirements of Federal state educational standards seek to optimize their own activities in order to improve the quality of education and seek new ways to build competence. Today, within the framework of the competence-based approach having a practice-oriented focus, technologies of training in cooperation that meet the requirements for modern training of students are becoming more popular. The purpose of the article is to present the experience of using learning technologies in cooperation, activating the students’ performance. A powerful argument in favor of training in cooperation technologies implementation is their wide functionality in the development of professional competence of a specialist. Since the development of student competence takes place within the framework of various activities, we consider the technology of training in cooperation, allowing students to maximize their potential in the process of interaction with classmates. The article identifies such important advantages of the technology under consideration as the development of independence, creative component, skills of effective interaction and the ability to conduct a constructive dialogue. We consider ideas of training in cooperation technology in detail as well as carry the analysis on the example of pedagogical courses. The presented research allowed establishing increase of students’ activity in studying of pedagogical courses at the expense of identification of an average score in studied profiles.


2021 ◽  
pp. 118-129
Author(s):  
М.В. Афанасьев ◽  
Э.М. Галямова ◽  
Е.И. Губин ◽  
Ю.Л. Загуменнов ◽  
О.М. Кузеванова ◽  
...  

В статье рассмотрена деятельность профессиональных образовательных организаций с точки зрения информационного, нормативно-правового, методического, дидактического и кадрового обеспечения. Происходящие изменения в системе образования России определяют необходимость обновления системы подготовки рабочих кадров. Глобализация предопределила повышение требований к качеству образовательных услуг, поиск средств и создание условий внедрения инновационных образовательных технологий, способных повысить эффективность подготовки персонала. Более того, возникают новые вызовы для управленцев образовательных организаций, от которых требуется постоянное включение в процесс модернизации и инновационной деятельности для развития профессиональных образовательных организаций и подготовки будущих специалистов. С постоянно возникающими вызовами в сфере профессионального образования способны справиться учебно-методические объединения, созданные специально для развития информационного и учебно-методического обеспечения организаций профессионального образования. К области их непосредственной деятельности относится разработка и внедрение инновационных педагогических программных средств, формирование и регулярное обновление единой структурированной базы данных, актуальной документации по разработке Федеральных государственных образовательных стандартов среднего профессионального образования, примерных основных образовательных программ и связанных с ними нормативных и методических документов. The article considers the activities of professional educational organizations from the point of view of information, regulatory, methodological, didactic and personnel support. The ongoing changes in the Russian education system determine the need to update the system of training of workers. Globalization has determined the increase in requirements for the quality of educational services, the search for funds and the creation of conditions for the introduction of innovative educational technologies that can increase the effectiveness of staff training. Moreover, new challenges arise for the managers of educational organizations, who are required to be constantly included in the process of modernization and innovation in order to develop professional educational organizations and train future specialists. Educational and methodological associations created specifically for the development of information and educational and methodological support of professional education organizations are able to cope with constantly emerging challenges in the field of vocational education. Their direct activities include the development and implementation of innovative pedagogical software, the formation and regular updating of a single structured database, current documentation for the development of federal state educational standards for secondary vocational education, exemplary basic educational programs and related regulatory and methodological documents.


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