scholarly journals Word-formation and structural features of English border guard polycomponent word-combinations

2018 ◽  
Vol VI(183) (54) ◽  
pp. 55-57
Author(s):  
O. Yankovets
Keyword(s):  
Structural Features ◽  
Word Formation

scholarly journals LINGUOPRAGMATIC POTENTIAL OF PROPRIAL VOCABULARY IN MODERN MEDICAL TERMINOLOGY

2021 ◽  
Vol 1 (11(79)) ◽  
pp. 46-49
Author(s):  
Valentyna Bebykh ◽  
Natalia Bytsko
Keyword(s):  
Proper Names ◽  
Structural Features ◽  
Word Formation ◽  
Semantic Features ◽  
Medical Terminology ◽  
Linguistic Features ◽  
Evolutionary Processes ◽  
Ratio Data ◽  
Functional Features

The article deals with the dynamic and evolutionary processes of eponymous terms formation in medicine in the systems of English and Ukrainian languages. The aim of the work is to systematize medical propriatives on the basis of such defining features as denotative-characteristic, etymological-word-forming and functional features. Methods and techniques adopted in onomastics and stylistics were used, such as: textual and stylistic analysis, classification of onomastic material, structural, etymological and word-formation analysis, analysis of variants of names, synthesis and identification of patterns. The research focuses on lexical and semantic features and structural features of medical terms with an onymic component. The scientific research of domestic and foreign researchers on the presence or absence of a clear boundary between common and proper names is analyzed. The ways of origin of propriatives and ways of forming a layer of onymic medical vocabulary are outlined. Based on the samples of eponymous terms in accordance with the fields of medicine, in particular rheumatology and neurology, anatomy and clinical nomenclature, the characteristics of dynamic and evolutionary processes in each of the subsystems is presented: quantitative ratio data are given, ways and methods of formation are identified, the role and place of eponyms in medical phenomena and objects are determined, the structural features of these terminological units are described. Much attention is paid to the process of transforming proper names into common words. The processes of transition of proper names into common names, which occur in medical terminology, differences of propriatives and appellates in functions, properties, mechanism of development, essence and linguistic features, context, etymology and translation are studied.

scholarly journals SEMANTIC-STRUCTURAL PECULIARITIES OF SHAKESPEAREAN NEOLOGISMS

2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 78
Author(s):  
Ismoilova Dilorom
Keyword(s):  
Qualitative Research ◽  
William Shakespeare ◽  
English Language ◽  
Structural Features ◽  
Word Formation ◽  
New Born ◽  
Methods Of Analysis ◽  
Structural Peculiarities ◽  
Observation Method ◽  
Made In

The article reveals the contributions of William Shakespeare to the development of the English language. Author discusses structural features of  Shakespearean  neologisms and highlights semantic differences in terms of periods of English language. The study reveals the peculiarities of Shakespearean neologisms due to the standpoints of methods of analysis. The article targeted to clarify the neologisms made in the realm of morphological word-formation. The author utilized the observation method and conducted the qualitative research. The neologisms by the dramatist are divided into 4 categories considering their ways of formation. They are following: the neologisms that were coined by affixation; the neologisms that were minted by syntactic  way; originally new-born words; the neologisms that were coined by conversion.

GATE- DERIVATIVES FORMED IN 2018-2019 IN RUSSIAN DISCOURSE

2021 ◽  
pp. 31-35
Author(s):  
И.В. Гурова
Keyword(s):  
Structural Features ◽  
Word Formation ◽  
Russian Language ◽  
Continuous Sampling ◽  
Business Politics ◽  
Show Business ◽  
Science And Education ◽  
Relevant Topic ◽  
Linguistic Units ◽  
Gate Element

Статья посвящена изучению гейт -производных (слов с интернациональным компонентом - гейт в значении ‛ скандал’) 2018-2019 гг. в русском дискурсе. Источниками материала послужили российские электронные газеты, сайты, блоги. В исследовании подвергались анализу данные поисковых систем Яндекс и Google. Методом сплошной выборки было выявлено 28 языковых единиц. В статье ставится цель - дать разноаспектную характеристику гейт- производных за указанный период. Последовательно рассматривается таксономия языковых единиц. Установлено, что преобладают гейт -производные, образованные на русской почве (72%); заимствованные единицы составляют 28%. Сделан вывод о том, что отсутствие в материалах российских электронных источников за 2018-2019 гг. метаязыковых контекстов (рефлексивов) - высказываний, в которых содержится информация о значении, происхождении, сфере употребления гейт -производных - свидетельствует о закреплении элемента - гейт в словообразовательной системе русского языка. Выявлено 7 тематических групп гейт -производных: «Шоу-бизнес», «Политика», «Государственная и муниципальная служба», «Спорт», «Экономика», «Журналистика», «Наука и образование». Изучение структурных особенностей дериватов с элементом -гейт показало, что в качестве первого компонента гейт -производных выступают антропонимы (фамилия), топонимы, эргонимы, прагматонимы, псевдонимы, апеллятивы. Выявлены общие черты дериватов 2018-2019 гг. и корпуса гейт -производных с 1970-х гг. по 2017 г.: 1) преобладание гейт -производных, образованных на русской почве; 2) широкие сочетательные возможности элемента - гейт ; 3) высокочастотное употребление фамилии в качестве первого компонента гейт -производных; 4) разнообразие тематических групп гейт -производных. Наиболее актуальной для русского дискурса становится тематическая группа «Шоу-бизнес», что является особенной чертой дериватов 2018-2019 гг. The article is devoted to the study of gate- derivatives (words with an international component -gate , meaning ‘scandal’) formed in 2018-2019 in Russian discourse. The sources were electronic versions of Russian newspapers, websites, blogs. In the study we analyzed data from search systems Yandex and Google. The continuous sampling method revealed 28 language units. The goal of the article is to give a diverse aspect of the gate- derivatives over the specified period. The taxonomy of linguistic units is sequentially considered. It was established that gate- derivatives which are formed domestically prevail (72%); borrowed units make up 28%. It is concluded that the absence of metalanguage contexts (reflexives) - statements that contain information about the meaning, origin, sphere of usage of gate derivatives - in Russian electronic sources over 2018-2019 testifies to the fixing of the gate- element in the word-formation system of the Russian language. Seven thematic groups of gate derivatives were identified: “Show business”, “Politics”, “State and municipal service”, “Sport”, “Economics”, “Journalism”, “Science and education”. The study of structural features of derivatives with the gate- element shows that the first component of the gate derivatives is anthroponyms (last name), toponyms, ergonyms, pragmatonyms, pseudonyms, appellatives. We identified common features of derivatives formed in 2018-2019 as well as a set of gate- derivatives formed in 1970s - 2017: 1) the predominance of gate- derivatives formed domestically; 2) the wide combining capabilities of the gate- element; 3) high-frequency use of a surname as the first component of gate- derivatives; 4) a variety of thematic groups of gate- derivatives. The most relevant topic for Russian discourse is the “Show business” group, which is a special feature of the de, 2020 rivatives formed in 2018-2019.

scholarly journals “Coronavirus” Innovations in Media Language and Internet Communication

2022 ◽  
pp. 141-152
Author(s):  
Vladislav Zamaldinov ◽  
Daiki Horiguchi
Keyword(s):  
Semantic Analysis ◽  
Structural Features ◽  
Word Formation ◽  
Russian Language ◽  
Internet Communication ◽  
Continuous Sampling ◽  
General Scientific ◽  
Active Processes ◽  
Derivatives Of ◽  
Modern Russian

The article examines the structural features of neologisms associated with coronavirus pandemic based on the texts of mass media and Internet communication. The paper uses such research methods as the continuous sampling method, the general scientific descriptive and analytical method, the methods of word-formation, structural and semantic analysis of neologisms. The authors analyzed the nominal derivatives of conventional (addition, prefix, suffixation, affixation) and occasional (inter-word overlap, graphic hybridization, substitution derivation) methods of word formation in media texts. The key elements of the sociocultural space (virus, quarantine, coronavirus, masks, etc.) that evoke negative associations in the addressee are identified. Having found and analysed nominations with the corona component, the researchers proved that this element tends to demonstrate the features of prefixoid. Neologisms with corona component are critical phenomena, negative changes in the economy, tourism, politics; they denote the living conditions that have developed during the coronavirus infection, etc. It is shown that the vocabulary of the modern Russian language is actively replenished with verbal neologisms, which areused to add expressiveness to media text; they correlate with actual phenomena of public life. The authors conclude that "coronavirus" neologisms participate in creating the expressiveness of the text, reflect reality, and allow journalists to deliver their own opinion. The results of the conducted research contribute to word-formation neology, media linguistics, can be useful to students of philological specialties, lecturers and tutors, as well as to anyone interested in active processes, which occur in the modern Russian language.

Univerbation

2020 ◽  
Vol 54 (s41) ◽  
pp. 205-252
Author(s):  
Christian Lehmann
Keyword(s):  
Empirical Evidence ◽  
Structural Features ◽  
Theoretical Background ◽  
Word Formation ◽  
Spontaneous Process ◽  
Germanic Languages

Abstract Univerbation is the syntagmatic condensation of a sequence of words recurrent in discourse into one word, as when the Spanish combination a tras (to back) becomes atrás ‘behind’. It affects both lexemes and grammatical formatives. Unlike processes of word formation, including conversion of a syntactic construction into a word, as in forget-me-not, and compounding, as in Spanish lavaplatos ‘dishwasher’, univerbation is a spontaneous process. There are two main types of univerbation: phrasal univerbation downgrades a phrase to a word, as when Latin terrae motus ‘earth’s movement’ becomes Spanish terremoto ‘earthquake’. Transgressive univerbation coalesces a string of words which do not form a syntagma into a word, as when French par ce que becomes parce que. A set of univerbations may share structural features and may therefore evolve into a pattern of compounding. Thus, blackbird originated by univerbation, but may now provide a pattern of compounding. As a consequence, univerbation and compounding are not always easily distinguishable. The discussion uses empirical evidence adduced in earlier work, mostly from Romance and Germanic languages. Its aim is not to present novel phenomena but to provide a theoretical background for the phenomenology and improve on available analyses.

Electron microscopy and diffraction studies of polyimides

1983 ◽  
Vol 41 ◽  
pp. 28-29
Author(s):  
O.C. de Hodgins ◽  
K. R. Lawless ◽  
R. Anderson
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Electron Microscope ◽  
Structural Features ◽  
Inert Atmosphere ◽  
Polyimide Films ◽  
Resolution Electron ◽  
The Matrix ◽  
High Resolution Electron Microscope ◽  
Diffraction Patterns ◽  
Polymeric Samples

Commercial polyimide films have shown to be homogeneous on a scale of 5 to 200 nm. The observation of Skybond (SKB) 705 and PI5878 was carried out by using a Philips 400, 120 KeV STEM. The objective was to elucidate the structural features of the polymeric samples. The specimens were spun and cured at stepped temperatures in an inert atmosphere and cooled slowly for eight hours. TEM micrographs showed heterogeneities (or nodular structures) generally on a scale of 100 nm for PI5878 and approximately 40 nm for SKB 705, present in large volume fractions of both specimens. See Figures 1 and 2. It is possible that the nodulus observed may be associated with surface effects and the structure of the polymers be regarded as random amorphous arrays. Diffraction patterns of the matrix and the nodular areas showed different amorphous ring patterns in both materials. The specimens were viewed in both bright and dark fields using a high resolution electron microscope which provided magnifications of 100,000X or more on the photographic plates if desired.

Skeletal elements of crinoid echinoderms: High-resolution structural and microanalytical results

1983 ◽  
Vol 41 ◽  
pp. 194-195
Author(s):  
D. F. Blake ◽  
L. F. Allard ◽  
D. R. Peacor
Keyword(s):  
High Resolution ◽  
Marine Invertebrates ◽  
Sea Urchins ◽  
Structural Features ◽  
Sea Stars ◽  
High Resolution Tem ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Insight Into

Echinodermata is a phylum of marine invertebrates which has been extant since Cambrian time (c.a. 500 m.y. before the present). Modern examples of echinoderms include sea urchins, sea stars, and sea lilies (crinoids). The endoskeletons of echinoderms are composed of plates or ossicles (Fig. 1) which are with few exceptions, porous, single crystals of high-magnesian calcite. Despite their single crystal nature, fracture surfaces do not exhibit the near-perfect {10.4} cleavage characteristic of inorganic calcite. This paradoxical mix of biogenic and inorganic features has prompted much recent work on echinoderm skeletal crystallography. Furthermore, fossil echinoderm hard parts comprise a volumetrically significant portion of some marine limestones sequences. The ultrastructural and microchemical characterization of modern skeletal material should lend insight into: 1). The nature of the biogenic processes involved, for example, the relationship of Mg heterogeneity to morphological and structural features in modern echinoderm material, and 2). The nature of the diagenetic changes undergone by their ancient, fossilized counterparts. In this study, high resolution TEM (HRTEM), high voltage TEM (HVTEM), and STEM microanalysis are used to characterize tha ultrastructural and microchemical composition of skeletal elements of the modern crinoid Neocrinus blakei.

Study of the Molecular Architecture of Keratin Filaments by Electron Microscopy

1982 ◽  
Vol 40 ◽  
pp. 118-119
Author(s):  
U. Aebi ◽  
P. Rew ◽  
T.-T. Sun
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Structural Organization ◽  
Cell Types ◽  
Structural Features ◽  
Molecular Architecture ◽  
The Past ◽  
Keratin Filaments ◽  
Different Types ◽  
10 Nm Filaments ◽  
Different Cell Types

Various types of intermediate-sized (10-nm) filaments have been found and described in many different cell types during the past few years. Despite the differences in the chemical composition among the different types of filaments, they all yield common structural features: they are usually up to several microns long and have a diameter of 7 to 10 nm; there is evidence that they are made of several 2 to 3.5 nm wide protofilaments which are helically wound around each other; the secondary structure of the polypeptides constituting the filaments is rich in ∞-helix. However a detailed description of their structural organization is lacking to date.

Measurement and Reduction of Radiation Damage in Frozen Hydrated Crystalline Specimens

1978 ◽  
Vol 36 (3) ◽  
pp. 70-77 ◽  
Author(s):  
R.M. Glaeser ◽  
S.B. Hayward
Keyword(s):  
Diffraction Pattern ◽  
Structural Information ◽  
Structural Disorder ◽  
Structural Features ◽  
Biological Macromolecules ◽  
Diffraction Intensity ◽  
Object Structure ◽  
Specimen Material ◽  
Unit Cells ◽  
Identical Unit

Highly ordered or crystalline biological macromolecules become severely damaged and structurally disordered after a brief electron exposure. Evidence that damage and structural disorder are occurring is clearly given by the fading and eventual disappearance of the specimen's electron diffraction pattern. The fading and disappearance of sharp diffraction spots implies a corresponding disappearance of periodic structural features in the specimen. By the same token, there is a oneto- one correspondence between the disappearance of the crystalline diffraction pattern and the disappearance of reproducible structural information that can be observed in the images of identical unit cells of the object structure. The electron exposures that result in a significant decrease in the diffraction intensity will depend somewhat upon the resolution (Bragg spacing) involved, and can vary considerably with the chemical makeup and composition of the specimen material.

Some Structural Features of Metaphase Chromosomes of Mice and Men

1967 ◽  
Vol 25 ◽  
pp. 190-191
Author(s):  
Godfrey C. Hoskins ◽  
Betty B. Hoskins
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Electron Micrographs ◽  
Structural Features ◽  
Metaphase Chromosomes ◽  
The Future ◽  
Of Mice And Men ◽  
Mouse Cells ◽  
Human And Mouse

Metaphase chromosomes from human and mouse cells in vitro are isolated by micrurgy, fixed, and placed on grids for electron microscopy. Interpretations of electron micrographs by current methods indicate the following structural features.Chromosomal spindle fibrils about 200Å thick form fascicles about 600Å thick, wrapped by dense spiraling fibrils (DSF) less than 100Å thick as they near the kinomere. Such a fascicle joins the future daughter kinomere of each metaphase chromatid with those of adjacent non-homologous chromatids to either side. Thus, four fascicles (SF, 1-4) attach to each metaphase kinomere (K). It is thought that fascicles extend from the kinomere poleward, fray out to let chromosomal fibrils act as traction fibrils against polar fibrils, then regroup to join the adjacent kinomere.

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