The Political and Social Organization in India During Early Vedic Civilization (1500 – 1000 B.C)

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Hussein H. Alanze
Keyword(s):  
Social Life ◽  
Primary Source ◽  
Economic Life ◽  
Political Organization ◽  
Literary Texts ◽  
The Political ◽  
Indus Valley ◽  
The People ◽  
Vedic Literature ◽  
Rig Veda

The Vedic civilization (1500 – 1000 B.C) flourished in India after the Indus Valley Civilization. The people who evolved the Vedic culture called themselves Aryans. Their earliest literature makes no reference to life in stately cities comparable to those whose remains have been unearthed at Harappa and Mohenjo-daro. Their religion was normally aniconic, and in their pantheon the female element was subordinated to the male, and the place of honor was given to deities like Indra, Varuna, Mitra, Surya, Agni (fire) and other supernal beings who seem to have been quite unknown to the originator of the Indus culture([i]).The primary source of evidence for this period is the Rigveda. Rig Veda is considered to be the earliest collection of hymns available, For more than three thousand years the Rig-Veda have been looked upon as revealed words of God by millions of Hindus, and have formed the basis of their culture and religion amid continual changes and successive developments. The objective of the study is The origin of the Aryans, the Vedic literature, nature of early Vedic Civilization. And Political Organization, social and economic life of the Early Aryans. And The religion, philosophy of the Rig Vedic Aryans. However, in making certain observations on Early Vedic Society it may be fruitful to see if literary texts and archaeological evidence can supplement each other. If both types of sources are of the same region and of the same period, then they together can give us more detailed ideas on political social life.   ([i]) عبد العزيز الزكي، نشأة الفكر الهندي وتطوره في العصور القديمة، مجلة عالم الفكر، مجلد الأول، العدد 3، 1970، ص 232.

The Social Life of Opium in China, 1483–1999

2003 ◽  
Vol 37 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-39 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yangwen Zheng
Keyword(s):  
Social Life ◽  
Armed Conflicts ◽  
Modern China ◽  
The Political ◽  
Chinese History ◽  
Major Theme ◽  
Opium Trade ◽  
The People ◽  
History Of ◽  
Opium Wars

The history of opium is a major theme in modern Chinese history. Books and academic careers have been devoted to its study. Yet the question that scholars of the opium wars and of modern China have failed to ask is how the demand for opium was generated. My puzzle, during the initial stage of research, was who smoked opium and why. Neither Chinese nor non-Chinese scholars have written much about this, with the exception of Jonathan Spence. Although opium consumption is a well-acknowledged fact, the reasons for its prevalence have never been fully factored into the historiography of the opium wars and of modern China. Michael Greenberg has dwelt on the opium trade, Chang Hsin-pao and Peter Fay on the people and events that made armed conflicts between China and the West unavoidable. John Wong has continued to focus on imperialism, James Polachek on Chinese internal politics while Opium regimes: China, Britain, and Japan, 1839–1952, the latest work, has studied the political systems that controlled opium. But the political history of opium, like the opium trade and the theatre of war, is only part of the story. We need to distinguish them from the wider social and cultural life of opium in China. The vital questions are first, the point at which opium was transformed from a medicine to a luxury item and, secondly, why it became so popular and widespread after people discovered its recreational value. It is these questions that I address. We cannot fully understand the root problem of the opium wars and their role in the emergence of modern China until we can explain who was smoking opium and why they smoked it.

scholarly journals Wong Cilik in Javanese History and Culture, Indonesia

2021 ◽  
Vol 28 (2) ◽  
pp. 31-51
Author(s):  
Wasino Wasino ◽  
Endah Sri Hartatik ◽  
Fitri Amalia Shintasiiwi
Keyword(s):  
Social Stratification ◽  
Economic Life ◽  
The Political ◽  
Ruling Elite ◽  
Cultural Concepts ◽  
Class Society ◽  
The People ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The City

In every country, regional social concepts are of significance in the political environment. In Indonesia, about 40% of the population are ethnic Javanese. Accordingly, their cultural concepts bear a considerable influence on the political map and presidential elections. As a large community, the Javanese hold on to longstanding historical notions of the position of the ruler and the wong cilik or commoner in the mechanics of governance and governmental administration. In Javanese social stratification, the ruler and the people are conceptualised and positioned in different ways compared with governance in modern democratic societies. Two broad social levels can be distinguished the wong cilik, consisting of peasants and the city lower classes, and the priyayi (or ruling elite and high class society). They can be somehow compared with the traditional classification of the proletariat or the working class and the bourgeois, the holders of the means of production. Both have their own social and economic life but have an interdependent relationship of exchanging services and goods. This relationship is known in Java as kawula and gusti, a cultural “patron-client” relation, containing supporting reciprocally based on authority.

scholarly journals Strategi Pemenangan Partai Demokrasi Indonesia Perjuangan pada Pemilu Tahun 2019 di Kabupaten Aceh Tengah

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 153
Author(s):  
Nofriadi Nofriadi ◽  
Effendi Hasan ◽  
Ubaidullah Ubaidullah ◽  
Helmi Helmi
Keyword(s):  
Political Parties ◽  
Positive Response ◽  
Political Organization ◽  
The Political ◽  
Political Strategy ◽  
Good Communication ◽  
The People ◽  
Common Goals ◽  
Community Cooperation ◽  
The Voice

A political party is a political organization that adheres to and is based on a certain ideology or can also be interpreted as an organization that accommodates the interests and voices of the people who want their interests to be heard by the authorities. Political marketing and political strategy are the most important part of selling and getting a positive response from the community so that people support certain parties or certain candidates. The research method with a qualitative approach, this strategy or method of winning has been thought out and also planned long before the election day arrives, but this strategy is also inseparable from the cooperation and contribution of the political parties it carries in achieving common goals. there are several ways and strategies carried out by the PDI-P party in the 2019-2024 period and it became one of the extraordinary events so that the PDI-P party won with the most votes. The strategy carried out by the PDI-P party in Central Aceh Regency is the collaboration between legislative candidates and the community. Cooperation carried out by the PDI-P party legislative candidates is one very good way to do it, so that work plans through the voice of the community can be carried out easily because of this collaboration. The next strategy is to improve good communication with the community, increase socialization, and have a competition event held by the PDI-P party to the community. With the competition event held by the PDI-P party legislative candidates to the community, so that people know more about the nature, character, behavior and know more about who the legislative candidates are. As well as improving the system and the way the PDI-P party's legislative candidates campaign openly and privately

scholarly journals Control creep and the multiple exclusions faced by women in low-autonomy sex industry sectors

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 ◽  
Author(s):  
Susan Dewey ◽  
Isabel Crowhurst ◽  
Tiantian Zheng ◽  
Thaddeus Blanchette
Keyword(s):  
Professional Practice ◽  
Sex Workers ◽  
Social Life ◽  
The United States ◽  
Political Organization ◽  
The Political ◽  
Sex Industry ◽  
Social Scientific ◽  
Industry Sectors ◽  
Perfect Storm

Abstract This article unites the co-authors’ years of empirical research with women in policed, stigmatized, and low-autonomy sex industry sectors in Brazil, China, Italy, and the United States to identify six prevalent forms of exclusion: economic, intersectional, health, safety, public vilification, and policing. We analyze the distinct manifestations of these exclusionary forces in all four sites to introduce criminal creep as theoretical shorthand for the global seepage of ideological, structural, and interpersonal exclusionary forces into social life, professional practice, and socio-legal procedures that marginalize women in the sex industry as victim-criminals in need of rehabilitation. Uniting and building upon literature on feminist engagement with and critiques of citizenship, conceptual uses of “creep”, carcerality and crimmigration, and critical anti-trafficking studies, we argue that criminal creep facilitates a perfect storm of exclusion that promotes sex workers’ de facto and de jure exclusion from citizenship through a set of wide-ranging set of harms. Furthermore, we identify “control creep” as a factor limiting - even radically - the political organization of and social scientific production regarding the vulnerable populations anti-sex work and anti-trafficking laws are supposedly designed to aid.

scholarly journals Public and legal activities of a lawyer S. Kadyrbaev

2021 ◽  
Vol 134 (1) ◽  
pp. 94-106
Author(s):  
E. B. Saktaganova ◽  
◽  
Y. Y. Sailaubai ◽  
N. D. Chetin ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Scientific Literature ◽  
Legal Protection ◽  
Political Organization ◽  
Political Activity ◽  
The Political ◽  
Active Member ◽  
Way Of Life ◽  
The Public ◽  
The People ◽  
Political Forces

This article examines activities of a lawyer, translator Seidazym Kulmukhameduly Kadyrbayev and his training and academic performance under the tsarist government. He received a pedagogical education but began his career as a translator in the legal system. And this is no accident, as at that time the traditional way of life of the Kazakh people was undergoing changes. His career advancement was studied with the help of archival data. A review of the scientific literature was made for a more detailed study of the topic of the sociopolitical life and Seidazym Kadyrbayev’s activities. There was carried out a comparative analysis of information from archives and scientific literature of Russia and Kazakhstan. The results of the analysis reveal facts from Seidazym Kadyrbayev’s life that have been unknown to the public. It was also revealed that friendship with Kazakh intelligence was the basis for his further development and cooperation with political forces aimed at protecting the political and civil interests of the people at the beginning of the XX century, during the revival of political activity in the empire. The article assesses S. Kadyrbayev’s role as an active member of the political organization «Alash-Orda» and his ability to advance in the legal field, to be a competent and qualified employee, despite the lack of special legal knowledge. Seidazym Kadyrbayev contributed to the legal protection of the illiterate population by translating several laws from Russian into Kazakh and adapting them to the Kazakh way of life. He also translated into Kazakh several works in the field of jurisprudence.

scholarly journals LATAR BELAKANG PENETAPAN SĪMA BAGI PERTAPAAN PADA MASA PEMERINTAHAN AIRLANGGA (1019-1043 M)

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-16
Author(s):  
Yori Akbar Setiyawan
Keyword(s):  
Secondary Data ◽  
Literary Texts ◽  
Primary Data ◽  
The Political ◽  
Descriptive Research ◽  
The People ◽  
Two Factors ◽  
Religious Aspects ◽  
Political Economic ◽  
Research Analysis

Abstrak. Penelitian mengenai prasasti-prasasti pada masa pemerintahan Airlangga telah banyak dilakukan. Namun, penelitian mengenai latar belakang kebijakan Airlangga yang berkaitan dengan kehidupan politik, ekonomi, dan sosio-religi kerajaannya dengan berdasar pada bukti prasasti belum banyak disentuh oleh arkeolog maupun ahli epigrafi. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui latar belakang salah satu kebijakan Airlangga berupa penetapan sīma bagi pertapaan. Penelitian ini bersifat deskriptif analitis menggunakan pendekatan epigrafi dengan data utama berupa alih aksara dan alih bahasa prasasti, serta data sekunder berupa naskah kesastraan dan literatur mengenai Airlangga dari buku, jurnal, laporan penelitian, skripsi, tesis, dan disertasi. Analisis penelitian dilakukan terhadap isi prasasti dan kebijakan yang dilakukan selama Airlangga menjadi raja. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa terdapat dua faktor yang melatarbelakangi penetapan sīma bagi pertapaan pada masa Airlangga yaitu faktor politik sebagai upaya menarik simpati dan menegakkan hegemoninya sebagai raja dan faktor sosio-religi berkaitan dengan kewajiban raja untuk mengayomi rakyat.   Abstract. There are several kinds of research on the inscriptions during the reign of Airlangga at 1019-1043 C.E. However, research on Airlangga's policy related to the political, economic, and socio-religious aspects based on inscription evidence has not been widely discussed. This study aims to determine the background of the sima establishment policy for the hermitage set by Airlangga. This is analytical descriptive research using an epigraphic approach. Primary data is the transliteration and translation of inscriptions, while secondary data is literary texts and literature studies on Airlangga. Research analysis was carried out on the contents of the inscriptions and Airlangga’s policies during his reign. The results showed that there were two factors behind the establishment of sīma for a hermitage. First, the political factor was an effort to get sympathy and strengthen his hegemony. Second, socio-religious factors related to the king's obligation to protect the people.

scholarly journals The Victory of Partai Amanat Nasional (PAN) in Ngada as the Form of Public Distrust against the Party

2018 ◽  
Vol 21 (3) ◽  
pp. 188
Author(s):  
Bertolomeus Loji Sua
Keyword(s):  
Qualitative Research ◽  
Political Parties ◽  
Political Party ◽  
Political Organization ◽  
The Political ◽  
Interesting Phenomenon ◽  
The Public ◽  
Political Sphere ◽  
The People ◽  
Depth Interviews

A political party is a political organization represented by individuals who work for the people with the ideology embraced by the party itself. The task of a political party is to provide political education and lead according to the people’s desires. But what if today’s political party has unconsciously formed the public distrust? The phenomenon of the PAN victory in Ngada district-Nusa Tenggara Timur (NTT) was a symbol of Ngada’s public distrust toward the party itself, as well as the previous political parties that had won in Ngada. This study aimed to assess the public distrust toward political parties, by looking at the phenomenon of the PAN victory in Ngada. The method used in this research was qualitative research, with in-depth interviews with sources in the field. In this study, the author found some interesting things related to the society and politics in Ngada. One of those things was that the people neither trust nor put hope in the political parties in the matter of responding to their wishes and communities’ development in Ngada. The PAN victory in Ngada was an interesting phenomenon in the political sphere that showed the public’s distrust of the parties today.

scholarly journals THE SECULARIZATION AND DESECULARIZATION NEXUS IN THE TURKISH CONTEXT: WHAT IS BEHIND?

2019 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 199-235
Author(s):  
Pavel Shlykov
Keyword(s):  
Social Life ◽  
Party System ◽  
Banking Sector ◽  
Continuous Process ◽  
Economic Life ◽  
The Political ◽  
Profound Impact ◽  
Conventional View ◽  
History Of ◽  
Turkish Society

The history of Turkey provides multiple examples of intricate combination of secularization (in the Turkish tradition – laicism) and desecularizaion (understood as a revival of Islam and its expansion into social life) while its contemporary dynamics provides a background for a non-conventional view on the correlation between the state and religion in the Muslim societies. The desecularization of Turkey has been a continuous process since the late 1940s, making it increasingly convenient for Islamists to become more visible in the political and the socioeconomic spheres. This paper analyzes the inclusion and accommodation of the “Turkish Islamism” into the sociopolitical life of Turkey focusing on such important phenomena as the constantly expanding religious sphere, the emergence of economic liberal conservatism, the rising resurgence of Islamism in education and media sphere together with the “jemaatization” of the Turkish society. The manifold manifestations of descularization in social, political and economic life, its profound impact on the Turkish party system, banking sector, education and mass media indicates the dialectic nature of secularization and desecularization nexus and reveals the flexibility of the border between religious and political spheres.

scholarly journals THE ROLE OF IBRAKHIM DAVRON IN JADID LITERATURE

2020 ◽  
Vol 3 (12) ◽  
pp. 189-190
Author(s):  
Kodirova Mukhayyakhon Solievna
Keyword(s):  
Social Life ◽  
Local People ◽  
The Political ◽  
The People

The end of the XIX - beginning of the XX century was a period of radical changes, new views and new goals not only in the political and social life of society, but also in the cultural and literary spheres. Undoubtedly, at the forefront of these serious changes were jadids, who were determined to reform the society life, to form new views in the minds of the people, and to inspire hope in the hearts of the local people.  

Local Tourism Development and Socio-Economic Change in Belitung

2019 ◽  
Vol 54 (5) ◽  
Author(s):  
Rakhmat Hidayat ◽  
Agista Anduarima ◽  
Wesnina ◽  
Budiaman ◽  
Bayu Taufiq Possumah
Keyword(s):  
Social Life ◽  
Local Community ◽  
Economic Change ◽  
Economic Value ◽  
Case Study Research ◽  
Tourism Development ◽  
Economic Life ◽  
Staff Members ◽  
Transport Services ◽  
The People

This study aims to describe the implications of socio-economic change caused by tourism development and to explore the relationship between society and tourism from a sociological perspective. By using a qualitative approach with a case study research design, this study analyses data that was obtained through observation, documentation, and interviews. The participants involved were the local community living in Keciput village, the Keciput village staff members, the Tanjung Kelayang Beach tourism manager, and the Belitung Regency tourism office staff members. The study found that the tourism development of Keciput village had caused changes in the social and economic life of the local communities. In terms of social life, the emergence of tourism development had caused interactions to decrease. Previously, when the interactions among the people were still very intense, the economy of the community was also on the rise. However, ever since the tourism development took place, it has changed the people’s type of livelihood: where previously they had worked as fishermen, they are now working as transport services fishermen. The economic value of tourist activities is also classified into a higher category because the yield from the marine sources is very dependent on the season.

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