The impact of the absence of planning laws on the capacity of the centers of the cities

2018 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-12
Author(s):  
Mufeed E. Shouk
Keyword(s):  
Coming Out ◽  
Planning Process ◽  
Decision Makers ◽  
Foreign Investments ◽  
Service Projects ◽  
Per Capita ◽  
Set Up ◽  
Investment Process ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The City

All Iraqi cities also Erbil city are particularly significant growth since 2005 and so far because of great opening that took place and an increase in rates of economic growth which was reflected in the per capita income and the development of infrastructure and public services. Because of the big shortage in all kinds of service projects, residential and entertainment. decision maker adopting the idea of ​​investing in these areas and to develop and improve the reality after coming out of economic crises caused by wars over the country in general and the events experienced by the city of Irbil, in particular, and for the work and construction, attracting foreign investments had to be set up a facilities to investment firms and investors for the success of  the process decision makers  try to find the laws of planning or change the laws planning in according  to the wishes of investors and to stimulate the investment process and thus develop and improve services and meet the requirements without referring to the main reasons that the laws has set for it.  As is well known to urban planners that the laws designed to protect the uses of the land where you are trying to stop any abuses would confuse the planning process.

scholarly journals THE CONTRIBUTION OF MIGRATION TO ECONOMIC GROWTH: THE EXAMPLE OF THE CITY OF ZAGREB

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Vinko Miličević ◽  
Danijel Knežević ◽  
Zoran Bubaš
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
European Union ◽  
Economic Activity ◽  
Economic Benefits ◽  
Gdp Per Capita ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Per Capita ◽  
The Republic ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The City

The problems in this paper belong to the field of migration and economy. The connection between migration and the economy has been proven on a global level, and as far as the Republic of Croatia is concerned, it is especially important to observe it through the City of Zagreb, which is the most important migration and economic center in the Republic of Croatia. Also, the accession of the Republic of Croatia to the European Union emphasized the observation and research of this connection because it created the preconditions for freer movement and employment of the population of the Republic of Croatia and the City of Zagreb within the European Union. The aim of this paper is to determine the contribution of migration to the economic growth of the City of Zagreb. The hypothesis presented in the paper is that there is a significant contribution of migration to the economic growth of the City of Zagreb. The disposition of the paper consists of six parts. The introduction explains the relevance of the topic, states the aim of the paper and hypotheses, explains the empirical part, the contribution of the paper and the disposition. The second part of the paper refers to the theoretical framework of the impact of migration on economic growth. The third part of the paper presents the migration processes of the City of Zagreb in the period from 2011 to 2018. The fourth part deals with economic activity in the City of Zagreb in the period from 2011 to 2017. The observed indicators of economic activity in the City of Zagreb are GDP and GDP per capita, and the graph in this part of the paper shows that GDP and GDP per capita in the observed period are higher at the end of the period than at the beginning. The fifth part of the paper refers to the empirical research of the contribution of migration to the economic growth of the City of Zagreb. The empirical part of the paper is based on correlations and regression analyses. This paper proves the hypothesis because the results indicate a significant impact of the variables of total and external migration on the GDP of the City of Zagreb and GDP per capita of the City of Zagreb. Decision-makers in the City of Zagreb can use the results of the research as a basis for maximizing the economic benefits they can get from migration. The conclusion provides an overview of the aim of the work, the results of the research, the limitations, the implications and the recommendations for future research.

scholarly journals Knowledge-Based Smart City Service System

Electronics ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (6) ◽  
pp. 965
Author(s):  
Giuseppe D’Aniello ◽  
Matteo Gaeta ◽  
Francesco Orciuoli ◽  
Giuseppe Sansonetti ◽  
Francesca Sorgente
Keyword(s):  
Information And Communication Technologies ◽  
Situation Awareness ◽  
Public Transportation ◽  
Smart City ◽  
Service System ◽  
Decision Makers ◽  
Knowledge Based ◽  
The Government ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The City

A smart city can be defined as a city exploiting information and communication technologies to enhance the quality of life of its citizens by providing them with improved services while ensuring a conscious use of the available limited resources. This paper introduces a conceptual framework for the smart city, namely, the Smart City Service System. The framework proposes a vision of the smart city as a service system according to the principles of the Service-Dominant Logic and the service science theories. The rationale is that the services offered within the city can be improved and optimized via the exploitation of information shared by the citizens. The Smart City Service System is implemented as an ontology-based system that supports the decision-making processes at the government level through reasoning and inference processes, providing the decision-makers with a common operational picture of what is happening in the city. A case study related to the local public transportation service is proposed to demonstrate the feasibility and validity of the framework. An experimental evaluation using the Situation Awareness Global Assessment Technique (SAGAT) has been performed to measure the impact of the framework on the decision-makers’ level of situation awareness.

scholarly journals ADDRESSING PRESENT CHALLENGES IN THE LIFE-CYCLE OF WETLANDS MANAGEMENT TO SUCCESSFULLY INTEGRATE SUSTAINABILITY AND GOOD GOVERNANCE

2021 ◽  
Vol 29 (1) ◽  
pp. 48-60
Author(s):  
Judita Tomaškinová ◽  
Ján Tomaškin ◽  
Hubert Theuma ◽  
Andrés F. Alcántara Valero ◽  
Vincent Attard
Keyword(s):  
Life Cycle ◽  
Planning Process ◽  
Good Governance ◽  
Decision Makers ◽  
Management Effectiveness ◽  
Management Processes ◽  
Set Up ◽  
Dimensional Assessment ◽  
Whole Life Cycle ◽  
Life Cycle Process

The assessment of management effectiveness during the whole life-cycle process of protected areas (PAs) has become increasingly important, due to the lack of holistic background assessment work on management processes leading to a deeper knowledge of sustainable development (SD) principles. This paper aims to serve as a practical guide through a gradation model of integrated protected area management (IPAM) by carrying out an exhaustive trans-dimensional assessment of management effectiveness, identifying a critical field of activities and developing a framework mix of strategic recommendations leading to the implementation of an effective planning process. Our results could aid in the prioritisation of key decisions towards a more in-depth understanding of how to set up a balanced IPAM, as well as to enable managers and decision-makers to focus on activities that can further pre-established aims and reach the goal of five-dimensional sustainability in terms of SD and good governance.

Research of City Bridge Passed through by Subway Construction in Health Monitoring and Safety Warning

2012 ◽  
Vol 446-449 ◽  
pp. 3087-3091
Author(s):  
Yi Lin Guo ◽  
Jing Liu
Keyword(s):  
Health Monitoring ◽  
Index System ◽  
Considerable Degree ◽  
Monitoring Data ◽  
Safety Warning ◽  
Subway Construction ◽  
Set Up ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The City ◽  
Beijing Subway

With the rapid urban underground rail development, a considerable number of cities bridges face the impact of the MTR. The subway construction through the city bridges lead to a considerable degree of subsidence, deformation, cracks and even a partial collapse, severely affected the bridge function. As the Beijing Subway Line 10 passing through Xinxing Bridge for the study object，the author set up the health monitoring index system of the subway construction through the city bridge, and analyses the monitoring data and the impact for the processing of subway construction across the bridge.

scholarly journals The Impact of the Information Eco-environment on the Investment Attractiveness of the City

Webology ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (Special Issue 04) ◽  
pp. 641-652
Author(s):  
Irina Gladilina ◽  
Svetlana Sergeeva ◽  
Nelli Kozhevnikova ◽  
Elizaveta Tokareva
Keyword(s):  
Information Disclosure ◽  
Effective Interaction ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Information Support ◽  
Investment Activity ◽  
Investment Projects ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Investment Process ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The City

The information eco-environment of the city, aimed at attracting investment, is designed to solve the problems of forming investment attractiveness, protection from unscrupulous investors, obtaining reliable information when justifying the implementation of investment projects, participation in them. Considering the dynamism of modern investment processes, the creation of an effective information eco-environment is an important component of the development of the investment process, especially from the point of view of ensuring effective interaction of its participants and attracting a wide range of investors to the investment activity process. Therefore, it is necessary to assess the impact of the information eco-environment on the processes of investment in the urban environment and increase the investment attractiveness of the city. However, the features of information support of the investment market specifically at the municipal level remain insufficiently studied. Based on the analysis of literary sources and an expert survey, this article examines the forms of information disclosure that are most effective from the point of view of investors; factors of investment attractiveness that should be paid attention to when forming an information eco-environment. Finally, this article suggests the identification of key areas of development of the urban information eco-environment, which can be transformed into the investment attractiveness of the city. The results showed that the systematic use of the information eco-environment of the city should create conditions for users to receive the necessary information promptly, which contributes to the activation of investment activity, increasing its efficiency.

scholarly journals Modeling the Survival Time of Trading Companies in the Zachodniopomorskie Voivodship

2018 ◽  
Vol 4 (337) ◽  
pp. 85-97
Author(s):  
Iwona Markowicz
Keyword(s):  
Survival Time ◽  
Survival Function ◽  
Decision Makers ◽  
Trading Activity ◽  
Trading Company ◽  
Kaplan Meier ◽  
Set Up ◽  
The Impact

The aim of this study was to construct models of trading companies’ lifespan, in individual districts of Zachodniopomorskie Voivodship. The author verified whether the impact of the survival time of trading companies on the survival function in general is the same in individual districts. This may inform potential entrepreneurs’ decisions on whether to set up a trading or other company. The Kaplan‑Meier estimator was calculated and a tests verifying similarities of functions of trading companies within the districts was used. Districts were then divided into groups, according to trading companies’ lifespan. Further on, the functions of the intensity of companies’ liquidation for particular districts were analysed. The rankings of districts were compared in terms of the lifespan of trading companies and businesses in total. In the study, the author used REGON registry, containing data about companies established in Zachodniopomorskie Voivodship in 2009–2011. These entities were observed until the end of 2013. It is something to be considered by both decision makers and entrepreneurs, that the probability of liquidation of a trading company is greater than of any other company. Trading activity is prevailing (the highest percentage of all newly established companies are trading companies), however, trading companies are also most in danger of liquidation.

scholarly journals Investment legislation and its impact on attracting foreign investments to Sudan During the period 1956-2013: التشريعات الاستثمارية وأثرها في جذب الاستثمارات الأجنبية للسودان خلال الفترة 1956-2013م

2016 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Khaled Abdel Aziz Hassan Mohamed
Keyword(s):  
Negative Impact ◽  
Legal Framework ◽  
Investment Climate ◽  
Economic Sectors ◽  
Foreign Investments ◽  
Investment Rates ◽  
Economic Developments ◽  
Investment Process ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Relationship

The study examined the investment legislation issued in Sudan during the last period and the impact of attracting foreign investments. The legal framework for investment is one of the most important elements and elements of the attractive investment climate which helps in regulating the relationship between all parties to the investment process. The investment that was issued in Sudan and its effectiveness in attracting foreign investment and guarantees and facilities provided in them and their impact on increasing investment rates. The study dealt with the development of investment legislation in Sudan with its sectoral stages, which focused on issuing a law for investment in a specific sector, and the comprehensive phase of issuing a unified investment law covering all economic sectors, with study of the most important features and facilities provided in the Sudan. The study found that there was instability in the investment laws in the Sudan during the previous period and the convergence of periods of issuance and not keeping pace with local and global economic developments, which had a negative impact in the lack of flow Foreign investments in Sudan over the past years, which reflected negatively on increasing economic development in Sudan rates.

scholarly journals Energy Clusters as a New Urban Symbiosis Concept for Increasing Renewable Energy Production—A Case Study of Zakopane City

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (14) ◽  
pp. 5634
Author(s):  
Agnieszka Czaplicka-Kotas ◽  
Joanna Kulczycka ◽  
Natalia Iwaszczuk
Keyword(s):  
Renewable Energy ◽  
Energy Production ◽  
Renewable Energy Sources ◽  
Environmental Aspects ◽  
Final Energy Consumption ◽  
Per Capita ◽  
The Creation ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The City

One of the priority lines of action in Poland is to increase energy production from renewable energy sources (RESs). Based on the “Poland’s national energy and climate plan for the years 2021–2030”, Poland aims to achieve 21%–23% of RES share in gross final energy consumption by 2030. While coal is still the most important source of energy, new technological and organisational solutions for increasing RESs are being tested and implemented. Therefore, the creation of energy clusters based on the idea of urban and industrial symbiosis was first proposed by the Ministry of Energy in 2016. To date, there are 66 clusters in different regions in Poland, but only a few of them are active and innovative. One of them is located in the city of Zakopane, a mountain resort, which attracts about 3 million tourists annually and has developed the wide-ranging use of geothermal sources for energy supply and recreation. The paper aims to analyse the impact of the creation of energy clusters on the city’s development, including economic, social, and environmental aspects. The “willingness to pay” (WTP) method was used to calculate the impact of air pollution on Zakopane and to compare it with the Polish average to estimate the significance of the transformation to RESs in this tourist city. The results from the studies are as follows: health cost per capita in Zakopane is between 252.07 and 921.30 euro. The investigations presented can be the basis for recommendations in strategic documents in the field of regional development and environmental protection, especially on the use and promotion of urban symbiosis for increasing use of RESs.

Planning the city of tomorrow: bridging the gap between urban planners and subsurface specialists

2017 ◽  
Vol 108 (2-3) ◽  
pp. 327-335
Author(s):  
Gillian Dick ◽  
Ingelöv Eriksson ◽  
Johannes de Beer ◽  
Helen Bonsor ◽  
Petra van der Lugt
Keyword(s):  
Urban Planning ◽  
Planning Process ◽  
Decision Makers ◽  
Environmental Benefits ◽  
Current Status ◽  
City Development ◽  
European Cities ◽  
Planning Processes ◽  
The Cost ◽  
The City

ABSTRACTThis paper addresses the process towards the integration of subsurface knowledge into urban planning for three cities – Rotterdam, Glasgow and Oslo – participating in the European Cooperation in Science and Technology (COST) Action TU1206 Sub-Urban. These cities each have unique challenges in managing conflicts and opportunities in the subsurface in the planning process. The COST Sub-Urban Action has enabled a unique interaction between subsurface specialists and urban planners across over 20 European cities, and has laid the foundations for a new understanding between experts who develop subsurface knowledge and those who can benefit most from it – urban planners and decision makers. Common challenges identified include: improving planning policies, enhancing the level of awareness of the subsurface in city development and the modification of legislation to include the subsurface. The paper provides a review of the current status of subsurface planning in the three cities, each of whom are aiming to adapt their urban planning practice and legislation in light of emerging subsurface knowledge, and the current major knowledge gaps. In our opinion, there are two main routes to raise awareness that lead to improved understanding and the use of subsurface information in urban planning processes: (1) the development of a subsurface policy and (2) providing subsurface information. These measures should enable subsurface knowledge to be widely disseminated in order to manage risks and opportunities, and maximise the economic, social and environmental benefits of the urban subsurface and its services on which cities depend.

scholarly journals The impact of work experience of small and medium-sized enterprises owners or managers on their competitive intelligence awareness and practices

2013 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Rene Pellissier ◽  
Tshilidzi E. Nenzhelele
Keyword(s):  
Work Experience ◽  
Great Influence ◽  
Decision Makers ◽  
Competitive Intelligence ◽  
Background Information ◽  
Business Environments ◽  
Training Programmes ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The City ◽  
Business Sectors

Background: Information technology has assisted in globalisation, which then assisted in making international trade easier. Consequently, businesses no longer compete with local competitors only but also with international ones, leading to intense competition in all business sectors. Businesses will hardly practice what they are not aware of and therefore needs to know about their competitive landscape. Competitive intelligence (CI) gathers information from both the internal and external business environments, and analyses these for use by decision makers. Whilst awareness of the importance of CI is wide, it is not practiced optimally, making the need for creating awareness of the benefits of CI important.Objectives: The objective of this research was to establish the influence of owners’ and managers' working experience of CI practice and awareness in the small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) environment.Method: This research was quantitative in nature and a questionnaire was used to collect data from SMEs owners and managers in The City of Tshwane Metropolitan Municipality.Results: This research indicates that SMEs in the study are aware of CI through education and training. Moreover, the study reveals that the working experience of owners and managers has a great influence on awareness and practice of CI and one should implement training programmes in this domain to assist with building competitive advantage.Conclusion: Small and medium-sized enterprises owners or managers’ years of working experience has a greater influence on awareness and practice of CI. Put differently, years of working experience is a great predictor of CI awareness and practice.

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