scholarly journals Удосконалення механізованої технології вирощування картоплі на присадибних ділянках

2018 ◽  
pp. 162-165
Author(s):  
С. В. Ляшенко
Keyword(s):  
Fuel Consumption ◽  
Labor Productivity ◽  
Technological Process ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Unit Operation ◽  
Effective Parameters ◽  
Labor Costs ◽  
Rural Regions ◽  
Existing Structures ◽  
Processing Depth

Розглянуто механізовану технологію вирощування картоплі в умовах особистого селянського господарства. Проведено аналіз та систематизацію марок (моделей) засобів малої механізації для виконання відповідних операцій технологічного процесу вирощування картоплі. Обґрунтовано доцільність використання лемішно-стрілчастого підгортача в якості робочого органу, що поєднує дві механізовані операції технологічного процесу – прополювання та пригортання. Наведено аналіз конструкцій начіпного обладнання засобів малої механізації. Встановлено, що для зниження трудовитрат у технології міжрядкового обробітку насаджень картоплі та з метою підвищення урожайності слід використовувати в якості начіпного обладнання лемішно-стрілчастий підгортач. The article provides justification and a new solution of the scientific and practical task, which takes place in the improvement of the mechanized technology of growing potatoes on the personal plots of ways of developing a mechanized operation with the use of means of minor mechanization of the traction class 0.1. The mechanized technology of growing potatoes under conditions of peasant farming is considered. The analysis and systematization of brands (models) of small-scale mechanization means for performing the corresponding operations of the technological process of growing potatoes is carried out. Defects of existing structures are determined and a new constructive solution is offered. The expediency of using the lem-and-lance hiller as a working organ that combines two mechanized operations of the technological process-weeding and humming is justified. It makes it possible to reduce the number of technological passes of the unit, to reduce labor productivity, to save fuel consumption, which in turn will increase the yield by 18 %. The analysis of constructions of the hinged equipment of means of small mechanization is given. The following effective parameters of the unit operation are recommended: the speed of movement is in the range of 0.091–0.637 m/s, the processing depth is 0.01–0.06 m. Under these conditions, the traction resistance will be 120–400 N. It has been established that to reduce labor costs in the technology of inter-row cultivation of plantations of potatoes and for the purpose of increasing the yield, it is necessary to use a lem-and-lancet hiller as a hinged equipment. It is recommended to use a lemically-stellate hiller for rural regions in the mechanized technology of growing potatoes.

scholarly journals SELF-PROPELLED MIXER-DISTRIBUTOR SILOKING SELFLINE 4.0 PREMIUM 2215 TESTING

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Postelga ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Fuel Consumption ◽  
Technological Process ◽  
Research Result ◽  
Average Particle Size ◽  
Dairy Farm ◽  
Survey Method ◽  
Average Particle ◽  
Labor Costs ◽  
Working Mechanism

The purpose of research: a comprehensive assessment of self-propelled mixer-dispenser Siloking SelfLine 4.0 Premium 2215 during operation. Research methods: establishment of design features of the mixer-dispenser was performed by the survey method of the sample submitted for testing, quality indicators of the machine were evaluated by standardized methods: quality of technological process according to GSTU 46.008, operational-technological indicators according to DSTU 8424, energy indicators according to SOU 74.3-37 -04604309-824, economic indicators according to DSTU 4397, indicators of safety and ergonomics according to KD 46.16.02.03, SOU 74.3-37-133. Research result.: During the mixing of 5 types of feed, a high-quality homogeneous feed mixture was obtained, the moisture content of which was 59.5%, the bulk density was 405 kg / m3, and the average particle size was 17.4 mm. The uniformity of feed mixing was 94.3 %, and the uniformity of feed distribution was 95.5 %. The degree of grinding of stem fodder was 1.4 times (for hay). The test results show that the mixer-dispenser satisfactorily and efficiently performs the specified process. The feed monolith is preserved after passing the cutting drum, no looseness of the feed slice is detected. Returned losses at the bottom of the silo do not exceed 1 %. The productivity of the mixer-dispenser for the technological process of loading, transportation, mixing and distribution of feed on a dairy farm with a population of 1600 heads is 10.6 t / h, the average productivity of feed loading is 28.6 t / h. (including silage -41 t / h; haylage 43.4 t / h), feed distribution capacity −116 t / h. Specific fuel consumption is 1.2 liters per ton of loaded, crushed, mixed and distributed feed. Labor costs for the implementation of the technological process is 0.09 man-hours / t, direct operating costs -91 UAH / t. Conclusions. Self-propelled mixer-dispenser Siloking SelfLine 4.0 Premium 2215 is a multifunctional machine that allows, with the involvement of only one operator, to ensure self-loading of components, preparation and distribution of quality feed to animals at a given diet. During self-loading the error of dosing of components by the mixer-distributor does not exceed 0,5% that allows to prepare a forage mix close to settlement. The self-loading milling working mechanism of the mixer-distributor provides an equal cut of a monolith of silage and haylage that allows to keep quality of consolidation and prevents losses of nutritiousness and power value of a forage. Self-propelled mixer-distributor is characterized by 1.5 - 2.1 times higher than trailed mixer-distributors productivity of the process as a whole, has a high enough productivity of self-loading components and distribution of feed, minimizes specific labor costs and fuel consumption per 1 tons of cooked and distributed feed.

scholarly journals Experimental Study on the Behavior of Existing Reinforced Concrete Multi-Column Piers under Earthquake Loading

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (6) ◽  
pp. 2652
Author(s):  
Jung Han Kim ◽  
Ick-Hyun Kim ◽  
Jin Ho Lee
Keyword(s):  
Seismic Performance ◽  
Seismic Design ◽  
Bridge Piers ◽  
Scale Model ◽  
Inertia Force ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Lap Splice ◽  
Existing Structures ◽  
Seismic Design Code ◽  
Seismic Force

When a seismic force acts on bridges, the pier can be damaged by the horizontal inertia force of the superstructure. To prevent this failure, criteria for seismic reinforcement details have been developed in many design codes. However, in moderate seismicity regions, many existing bridges were constructed without considering seismic detail because the detailed seismic design code was only applied recently. These existing structures should be retrofitted by evaluating their seismic performance. Even if the seismic design criteria are not applied, it cannot be concluded that the structure does not have adequate seismic performance. In particular, the performance of a lap-spliced reinforcement bar at a construction joint applied by past practices cannot be easily evaluated analytically. Therefore, experimental tests on the bridge piers considering a non-seismic detail of existing structures need to be performed to evaluate the seismic performance. For this reason, six small scale specimens according to existing bridge piers were constructed and seismic performances were evaluated experimentally. The three types of reinforcement detail were adjusted, including a lap-splice for construction joints. Quasi-static loading tests were performed for three types of scale model with two-column piers in both the longitudinal and transverse directions. From the test results, the effect on the failure mechanism of the lap-splice and transverse reinforcement ratio were investigated. The difference in failure characteristics according to the loading direction was investigated by the location of plastic hinges. Finally, the seismic capacity related to the displacement ductility factor and the absorbed energy by hysteresis behavior for each test were obtained and discussed.

scholarly journals Nonlinear effects of locally heterogeneous hydraulic conductivity fields on regional stream–aquifer exchanges

2015 ◽  
Vol 19 (11) ◽  
pp. 4531-4545 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Zhu ◽  
C. L. Winter ◽  
Z. Wang
Keyword(s):  
Groundwater Flow ◽  
Effective Conductivity ◽  
Model Simulation ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Heihe River ◽  
Effective Parameters ◽  
Aquifer Systems ◽  
Basin Scale ◽  
Local Grid

Abstract. Computational experiments are performed to evaluate the effects of locally heterogeneous conductivity fields on regional exchanges of water between stream and aquifer systems in the Middle Heihe River basin (MHRB) of northwestern China. The effects are found to be nonlinear in the sense that simulated discharges from aquifers to streams are systematically lower than discharges produced by a base model parameterized with relatively coarse effective conductivity. A similar, but weaker, effect is observed for stream leakage. The study is organized around three hypotheses: (H1) small-scale spatial variations of conductivity significantly affect regional exchanges of water between streams and aquifers in river basins, (H2) aggregating small-scale heterogeneities into regional effective parameters systematically biases estimates of stream–aquifer exchanges, and (H3) the biases result from slow paths in groundwater flow that emerge due to small-scale heterogeneities. The hypotheses are evaluated by comparing stream–aquifer fluxes produced by the base model to fluxes simulated using realizations of the MHRB characterized by local (grid-scale) heterogeneity. Levels of local heterogeneity are manipulated as control variables by adjusting coefficients of variation. All models are implemented using the MODFLOW (Modular Three-dimensional Finite-difference Groundwater Flow Model) simulation environment, and the PEST (parameter estimation) tool is used to calibrate effective conductivities defined over 16 zones within the MHRB. The effective parameters are also used as expected values to develop lognormally distributed conductivity (K) fields on local grid scales. Stream–aquifer exchanges are simulated with K fields at both scales and then compared. Results show that the effects of small-scale heterogeneities significantly influence exchanges with simulations based on local-scale heterogeneities always producing discharges that are less than those produced by the base model. Although aquifer heterogeneities are uncorrelated at local scales, they appear to induce coherent slow paths in groundwater fluxes that in turn reduce aquifer–stream exchanges. Since surface water–groundwater exchanges are critical hydrologic processes in basin-scale water budgets, these results also have implications for water resources management.

Labor Productivity and Managerial Efficiency against a Static Technology: The Pennsylvania Iron Industry, 1750–1800

1980 ◽  
Vol 40 (1) ◽  
pp. 129-136 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paul F. Paskoff
Keyword(s):  
Eighteenth Century ◽  
Fuel Consumption ◽  
Labor Productivity ◽  
Learning By Doing ◽  
Iron Industry ◽  
Managerial Efficiency ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Consumption Rates ◽  
The Face

An increase in labor productivity and a reduction of fuel consumption rates were two notable and closely related achievements of the management of Hopewell Forge, an ironworks in eighteenth-century Pennsylvania. Significantly, these economies were realized in the face of technological stasis through learning by doing. The analysis of this accomplishment is cast in the larger context of the performance of the iron industry before and after 1800.

On the conditions of labor productivity growth in agriculture of the Sverdlovsk region

2020 ◽  
pp. 35-45
Author(s):  
E. Potaptseva ◽  
S. Smirnykh
Keyword(s):  
Labor Productivity ◽  
Productivity Growth ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Agricultural Sector ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Federal State ◽  
Technical Equipment ◽  
Labor Costs ◽  
Labor Productivity Growth ◽  
City District

Agricultural production is one of the most labor-intensive in the world. In our country, at the same time with large labor costs, the agricultural sector is characterized by low wages. This state of affairs in the industry makes relevant research on the identification of factors of labor productivity growth. In addition, it is necessary to develop methods for creating high-performance jobs. The data of the Federal State Statistics Service and the Ministry of Agriculture of the Russian Federation formed the informational basis of this study. There were also used information officially distributed by the Ministry of Agriculture and Food of the Sverdlovsk region. The research is based on the results of the author's survey of managers and specialists of agricultural enterprises located in the Talitsky city district of the Sverdlovsk region. The study focuses on the study and analysis of the dynamics of the development of the agricultural sector in the region. In conclusion, the conclusions are formulated, and the main factors of labor productivity growth in agriculture of the Sverdlovsk region are identified. The results of the study showed that outdated technical equipment of production has a negative impact on the productivity of labor in the agricultural sector.

scholarly journals Solutions for changing production scale in the agricultural sector in Vietnam

2020 ◽  
Vol 175 ◽  
pp. 10008
Author(s):  
Thi Hoai Nguyen ◽  
Duc Luan Nguyen
Keyword(s):  
Labor Productivity ◽  
Agricultural Production ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Agricultural Sector ◽  
Current Situation ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Scale Production ◽  
Number Of Solutions ◽  
Production Scale ◽  
Large Scale Production

In this paper, the authors analyze the current situation of agricultural production in Vietnam and affirm that fragmentation is one of the basic causes leading to ineffective potentials and low labor productivity. Based on this, the authors propose a number of solutions to convert small-scale production to large-scale production in order to improve labor productivity and optimally exploit resources in the agricultural sector in Vietnam today.

Monitoring of Pumping Unit Operation in Indicators of Energy Efficiency of its Work

2014 ◽  
Vol 630 ◽  
pp. 158-165
Author(s):  
Mykola I. Sotnyk ◽  
Serhii Sapozhnikov ◽  
Kateryna Prykhodko
Keyword(s):  
Energy Efficiency ◽  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Technological Process ◽  
Electrical Energy ◽  
Unit Operation ◽  
Electrical Energy Consumption ◽  
Pumping Unit

The influence of pumping unit’s elements on the overall energyefficiency of its work is viewed in the article. The areas of pumping unit’s operation effectiveness are identified and evaluated within the field of his QH characteristics and efficiency of its use in real technological process. The methodology of pumping unit’s operation evaluation in different modes through indicators of unit electrical energy consumption is developed.

Performance and Emission Characteristics of a Small Scale Gas Turbine Engine Fueled With Propanol/Jet A Blends

2011 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carlos J. Mendez ◽  
Ramkumar N. Parthasarathy ◽  
Subramanyam R. Gollahalli
Keyword(s):  
Gas Turbine ◽  
Fuel Consumption ◽  
Gas Turbine Engine ◽  
Single Stage ◽  
Specific Fuel Consumption ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Emission Characteristics ◽  
Turbine Engine ◽  
Performance And Emission ◽  
Emission Index

Alcohols serve as an alternate energy resource to the conventional petroleum-based fuels. The objective of this study was to document the performance and emission characteristics of blends of n-propanol and Jet A fuel in a small-scale gas turbine engine. The experiments were conducted in a 30kW gas turbine engine with a single-stage centrifugal flow compressor, annular combustion chamber and a single-stage axial flow turbine. In addition to neat propanol and Jet A fuel, three blends, with 25%, 50% and 75% of propanol by volume, were used as the fuels. The thrust, thrust-specific fuel consumption, and the concentrations of CO and NOx in the exhaust were measured and compared with those measured with Jet A fuel. The engine was operated at the same throttle settings with all the fuels. The operational range of engine rotational speed was shifted downwards with the addition of propanol due to its lower heating value. The thrust specific fuel consumption increased with the addition of propanol, while the CO emission index increased and NOx emission index decreased.

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