scholarly journals Curiosity Helps: Growth In Need for Cognition Bidirectionally Predicts Future Reduction In Anxiety and Depression Symptoms Across 10 Years

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nur Hani Zainal ◽  
Michelle G. Newman
Keyword(s):  
Time Lag ◽  
Need For Cognition ◽  
Ordinary Least Squares ◽  
Community Dwelling ◽  
Internet Survey ◽  
Equation Modeling ◽  
Anxiety And Depression ◽  
Depression Symptoms ◽  
Depression And Anxiety ◽  
Cross Sectional

Theorists (Cacioppo, Petty, Feinstein, & Jarvis, 1996) have proposed that persons with diminished motivation to actively and systematically seek out, consider, and think about corrective information (i.e., low need for cognition; NFC) are vulnerable to encounter elevated anxiety and depression across long periods. Simultaneously, based on the scar theory (Allemand, Grünenfelder-Steiger, & Flückiger, 2018; Schmidt, Lerew, & Joiner, 2000), increased depression and anxiety could relate to lower trait NFC across time, by compromising analytical thinking, goal-directed pursuits, and reality testing skills. However, most prior studies used cross-sectional designs which preclude causal inferences. In addition, longitudinal studies on this topic thus far applied ordinary least squares regression or latent growth curve models, which permits between-person but not within-person inferences. Building on prior work, we used two advanced longitudinal structural equation modeling (SEM) techniques to test the within-person and between-person relations between NFC and depression and anxiety symptoms (DAS) measured every year, across 10 years. Random intercept-cross-lagged panel model (RI-CLPM; Hamaker, Kuiper, & Grasman, 2015) was used to test level-to-future level cross-lagged relations, whereas bivariate dual latent change score (BLCS; Grimm & Ram, 2018) modeling was conducted to examine change-to-future change associations. Further, both BLCS and RI-CLPM adjusted for baseline scores, prior lagged effects, regression to the mean, and between-person variances, as well as minimized measurement error. Participants comprised community-dwelling adults (n = 6,750) in the Longitudinal Internet Survey Study (LISS) (Scherpenzeel, Das, Ester, & Kaczmirek, 2010). RI-CLPM showed that within persons, lower prior level of NFC was significantly related to higher level of NFC at the future adjacent time-point (d = -0.852), and vice versa (d = -0.498) over 10 years. Similarly, the BLCS model demonstrated that within persons, greater 1-year reduction in NFC was notably associated with larger 1-year increase in DAS at the next time-lag across 10 years (d = -0.631), and conversely (d = -0.519). Moreover, within the RI-CLPM, a significant between-person cross-sectional result emerged, such that higher DAS was associated with lower trait NFC (d = -1.738). The results suggested that targeting NFC may treat or prevent the emergence of depression and anxiety disorders. For example, cognitive behavioral therapy techniques (e.g., cognitive reframing, behavioral activation) can be augmented to enhance NFC by helping patients engage in self-talk in curious ways as well as to connect them with work, hobbies, and activities that instill joy and excitement. Other theoretical and practical implications for the clinical and educational psychological sciences were discussed.

scholarly journals Screening of Anxiety and Depression Related CD4 Count of People Living with HIV/AIDS with Anti-Retroviral in Medan, Indonesia

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (16) ◽  
pp. 2590-2594
Author(s):  
Dona Farila Agus ◽  
Elmeida Effendy ◽  
Vita Camellia
Keyword(s):  
Negative Correlation ◽  
Depression Scale ◽  
Severe Depression ◽  
Anxiety And Depression ◽  
Depression Symptoms ◽  
People Living With Hiv ◽  
Depression And Anxiety ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Correlation Strength ◽  
Hiv Aids

BACKGROUND: HIV, which causes AIDS, infects the immune system cells, by destroying or damaging the function of the CD4. PLWHA will have twice the risk of experiencing mental health disorders such as depression and anxiety compared with the general population, thereby suppressing immune function, decreasing their quality of life, decreasing the level of adherence to treatment, and contributing significantly to the occurrence of premature death. AIM: To determine the correlation Anxiety and Depression symptoms and CD4 levels in PLWHA who are undergoing Anti-Retroviral treatment at the HIV/AIDS METHODS: The study was a cross-sectional study, which assesses the correlation between Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale scores (HADS) and CD4 levels in PLWHA who are receiving ARV in the HIV/AIDS Special Services Polyclinic Medan Haji general hospital. RESULTS: It was found that the average HADS-A score, PLWHA was 15.286 and the SD ± 2.244. This shows that PLWHA is in moderate to severe anxiety and moderate to severe depression. The mean CD4 level of people with HIV/AIDS/PLWHA was 288.171 and SD ± 88.955. According to WHO criteria, regarding the classification of HIV immunodeficiency in adults, are classified as moderate immunodeficiency. There was a significant correlation between the HADS-A score and CD4 level with a correlation value of r = -0.592 indicating a negative correlation with a moderate correlation strength, and the correlation between HADS-D score and CD4 level. The strength of the relationship between HADS-D score and CD4 level is r = -0.650, shows a negative correlation with strong correlation strength. CONCLUSION: from this study, it was found that there is a relationship between depression and anxiety symptom and CD4 level.

scholarly journals Curiosity might not help after all: Predicted trajectories for need for cognition and anxiety and depression symptoms based on findings by Zainal and Newman (2022)

2022 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kimmo Sorjonen ◽  
Gustav Nilsonne ◽  
Michael Ingre ◽  
Bo Melin
Keyword(s):  
Recent Article ◽  
Need For Cognition ◽  
Community Dwelling ◽  
Anxiety And Depression ◽  
Depression Symptoms ◽  
Modeling Approaches ◽  
Large N

In a recent article, Zainal and Newman (2022) reported that need for cognition (NFC) predicted anxiety and depression symptoms (ADS) across 10 years in a large (N = 6750) sample of community-dwelling adults, and furthermore that a within-person decrease in NFC was associated with an increase in ADS. Here, we analyze the modeling approaches used in that paper, and show that the two different modeling strategies employed give contradictory results, suggesting that the results are influenced by statistical artifacts and should be interpreted with caution.

scholarly journals Heightened Depression Impairs Executive Functioning: Evidence from Within-Person Latent Change and Cross-Lagged Models

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nur Hani Zainal ◽  
Michelle G. Newman
Keyword(s):  
Executive Functioning ◽  
Word Association ◽  
Digit Span ◽  
Time Lag ◽  
Executive Dysfunction ◽  
Change Score ◽  
Depression Symptoms ◽  
Depression And Anxiety ◽  
Regression To The Mean ◽  
Cross Sectional

The impaired disengagement hypothesis (Koster, De Lissnyder, Derakshan, & De Raedt, 2011) posits that executive dysfunction can predict future heightened depression and anxiety due to chronic poor attentional control and repetitive negative thinking across prolonged durations. Simultaneously, scar theories (Ottaviani et al., 2016) assert that increased psychopathology may forecast subsequent executive functioning (EF) deficits because of wear-and-tear of psychophysiological systems over protracted timescales. However, most work on EF-psychopathology relations have been cross-sectional, which precludes causal inferences. Thus, this study aimed to test the within-person relations between EF, depression and anxiety. Older adult participants (n = 856) averaged 81.59 years of age (SD = 7.10, range = 70–110, 58.53% females, 76.87% Whites). Assessments were conducted across four waves, each spaced approximately 2 years apart over a span of 8 years. EF was assessed using six behavioral measures (animal fluency, controlled oral word association test, backward counting, serial 7s subtraction, backward digit span, symbol digit modalities test). Depression and anxiety symptoms were measured with the Neuropsychiatric Inventory. Bivariate dual latent change score (BCS) and random-intercept cross-lagged panel models (RI-CLPM) were conducted to minimize measurement error as well as adjust for autoregressive effects, regression to the mean, and between-person variances. Within persons, RI-CLPMs revealed that prior greater depression symptoms forecasted lower subsequent EF, but not vice versa (d = -0.29 vs. -0.03). BCS models showed that within-person rise in depression symptoms at a time-lag predicted EF decrements at the next time-lag, but not the opposite (d = -0.20 vs. 0.14). Further, significant, small-to-moderate, negative between-person relations between EF and depression or anxiety severity were observed (d = -0.42 to -0.26). Neither within-person cross-lagged relations (d = -0.09–-0.06) nor change-to-future change associations (d = -0.04–0.04) were found between anxiety and EF. Prospective, within-person findings offer some evidence for developmental scar theories as opposed to vulnerability models. We discussed theoretical and clinical implications, such as potentially reducing the risk of future executive dysfunction-related neuropsychiatric disorders by targeting depression symptoms.

scholarly journals Self-reported symptoms of depression and anxiety among informal caregivers of persons with dementia: a cross-sectional comparative study between Sweden and Italy

2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Joseba Wulff ◽  
Agneta Malmgren Fänge ◽  
Connie Lethin ◽  
Carlos Chiatti
Keyword(s):  
Informal Caregivers ◽  
Depression Scale ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Anxiety Symptoms ◽  
Anxiety And Depression ◽  
Depression Symptoms ◽  
Depression And Anxiety ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Symptoms Of Depression ◽  
People With Dementia

Abstract Background Around 50 million people worldwide are diagnosed with dementia and this number is due to triple by 2050. The majority of persons with dementia receive care and support from their family, friends or neighbours, who are generally known as informal caregivers. These might experience symptoms of depression and anxiety as a consequence of caregiving activities. Due to the different welfare system across European countries, this study aimed to investigate factors associated with self-reported depression and anxiety among informal dementia caregivers both in Sweden and Italy, to ultimately improve their health and well-being. Methods This comparative cross-sectional study used baseline data from the Italian UP-TECH (n = 317) and the Swedish TECH@HOME (n = 89) studies. Main outcome variables were the severity of self-reported anxiety and depression symptoms, as measured by the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS). HADS scores were investigated using descriptive and bivariate statistics to compare means and standard deviations. Linear regressions were used to test for associations between potential factors and self-reported symptoms of depression and anxiety. Results Italian informal caregivers reported more severe symptoms of depression and anxiety than Swedish caregivers. In Italy, a higher number of hours of caregiving was associated with anxiety symptoms (β = − 1.205; p = 0.029), being 40–54 years-old with depression symptoms (β = − 1.739; p = 0.003), and being female with symptoms of both depression (β = − 1.793; p < 0.001) and anxiety (β = 1.474; p = 0.005). In Sweden, a higher number of hours of caregiving and being < 39 years-old were associated with depression symptoms (β = 0.286; p < 0.000; β = 3.945; p = 0.014) and a higher number of hours of caregiving, the lack of additional informal caregivers and dementia severity were associated with anxiety symptoms (β = 0.164; p = 0.010; β = − 1.133; p = 0.033; β = − 1.181; p = 0.031). Conclusion Multiple factors are associated with self-reported symptoms of depression and anxiety among informal caregivers in Sweden and Italy. Factors found in this study partly differ between the two countries, suggesting the important role of cultural and social factors affecting the experience of caregiving. A deeper knowledge of these factors may increase the knowledge on potential protective and risk factors, provide information to policymakers and ultimately improve the psychological well-being of informal caregivers to people with dementia across Europe.

scholarly journals Determinants of increased frequency of depressive and anxiety symptoms in exercise professionals during the COVID-19 pandemic

Work ◽  
2021 ◽  
pp. 1-11
Author(s):  
Natan Feter ◽  
Eduardo L. Caputo ◽  
Igor R. Doring ◽  
Marcelo C. da Silva ◽  
Felipe F. Reichert ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Depressive Symptoms ◽  
Depression Scale ◽  
Exercise Program ◽  
Anxiety Symptoms ◽  
Anxiety And Depression ◽  
Depression Symptoms ◽  
Depression And Anxiety ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Social Distancing

BACKGROUND: The coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic has affected workers in different health services including exercise professionals (EP). The urgent need to adapt in-person to online activities might have led to increased frequency of anxiety and depressive symptoms. OBJECTIVE: We aimed to identify the determinants of aggravated depressive and anxiety symptoms in EP in southern Brazil during social distancing from the COVID-19. METHODS: A cross-sectional study was conducted with EP who worked at fitness centers, sports clubs, private schools, or at a public exercise program offered by the municipal council. We used an online-based, self-administered, adapted version of the Hospital Anxiety and Depression scale to compare symptoms of depression and anxiety pre- and during social distancing. RESULTS: Participants (n = 201) had a mean age of 32.7±8.0 years, with more than half being male, white, and having an university degree. We observed that 81%and 71%of respondents reported higher frequency in anxiety and depression symptoms, respectively, during social distancing than in the period before it. Physical education teachers, women, non-white professionals, and those with chronic disease were more likely to worsen anxiety symptoms. Women had higher odds to increased frequency in depressive symptoms. Physical activity and previous experience with internet-based tools for working activities reduced the risk of increased depressive symptoms. CONCLUSIONS: Sex, ethnicity, chronic diseases, educational level, physical activity, and experience with online tools were determinants for increased frequency of depression and anxiety symptoms in EP.

scholarly journals Anxiety, stress and depression in family members of patients with heart failure

2017 ◽  
Vol 51 (0) ◽  
Author(s):  
Marianna Sobral Lacerda ◽  
Melissa Alves Cirelli ◽  
Alba Lúcia Bottura Leite de Barros ◽  
Juliana de Lima Lopes
Keyword(s):  
Heart Failure ◽  
Family Income ◽  
Family Members ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Anxiety And Depression ◽  
Depression Symptoms ◽  
Depression And Anxiety ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Patients With Heart Failure ◽  
The Relationship

Abstract OBJECTIVE Identifying the level of anxiety, stress and depression symptoms in family members of patients with heart failure; identifying the relationship between these feelings with sociodemographic and clinical variables. METHOD A cross-sectional study carried out with 100 family members. Depression, anxiety, and stress were evaluated by the Beck Depression and Anxiety Inventories and the Perceived Stress Scale - 10. The relationship between feelings and variables was performed through the t-test, Mann-Whitney or Kruskal-Wallis. RESULTS Mean depression was 8.24, anxiety was 77.95, and stress was 17.43. The correlation coefficient between depression and anxiety and depression and stress was 0.53, and it was 0.66 between anxiety and stress. Females (p=0.002, p=0.031), smoking (p=0.05, p=0.011) and sedentary lifestyle (p=0.023, p=0.001) were related to anxiety and stress, respectively. Family income lower than five minimum wages (p=0.012) was related to depression, and regular/poor self-perceived health status related to the three feelings. CONCLUSION Family members did not present high levels of these feelings. The scales were directly correlated with each one another and some variables were related to stress, anxiety and depression.

scholarly journals Prevalence of anxiety and depressive symptoms among emergency physicians in Libya after civil war: a cross-sectional study

BMJ Open ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (8) ◽  
pp. e039382
Author(s):  
Muhammed Elhadi ◽  
Ala Khaled ◽  
Ans Bassam Malek ◽  
Ahmed El-Alem El-Azhari ◽  
Ahmed Zakaria Gwea ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Tertiary Care ◽  
Depression Scale ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Anxiety And Depression ◽  
Measurement Tool ◽  
Depression Symptoms ◽  
Depression And Anxiety ◽  
Emergency Physicians ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional

ObjectivesWe aimed to identify the prevalence of depression and anxiety among physicians working in the emergency departments of nine tertiary care centres in Libya.DesignThis was a cross-sectional study.SettingNine main tertiary centres in LibyaParticipantsEmergency department doctors were surveyed between December 2018 and February 2019.InterventionThe standardised Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS) was selected as a measurement tool for analysing anxiety and depression symptoms; a HADS score of 8 indicated anxiety as well as depression symptoms. The primary outcomes were anxiety and depression, which were tabulated with independent sociodemographic variables. χ2 tests were conducted to compare the prevalence of anxiety and depression between the groups. Statistical analysis was performed using SPSS V.25.ResultsA total of 108 out of 150 (72%) emergency physicians from all levels participated in the study and took the survey. The emergency physicians had a mean±SD age of 31.2±4.5 years, and were predominantly males (74 out of 108, 68.5%). Overall, 49 (45.4%) physicians reached the cut-off score to define both depression and anxiety (ie, a score ≥8). In terms of violence, 71 (65.7%) reported incidents of verbal violence, while 26 (24.1%) reported physical violence or abuse by militias. In addition, 28 reported being threatened by militias.ConclusionThe high prevalence rate of anxiety and depression is of concern, and the high rate of physical and verbal abuse highlights the range of abuse endured by doctors in Libya. Therefore, screening for anxiety and depression at regular intervals is needed to avoid the deterioration of mental health, which can increase the risk of suicide and dropping out, and decrease the level of healthcare for patients.

scholarly journals Graduating from Medical School amid a Pandemic: A Study of Graduates’ Mental Health and Concerns

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-5
Author(s):  
Hend M. Alkwai
Keyword(s):  
Medical Students ◽  
Online Survey ◽  
Virus Disease ◽  
Demographic Data ◽  
Anxiety Symptoms ◽  
Anxiety And Depression ◽  
Depression Symptoms ◽  
Depression And Anxiety ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
The Impact

The corona virus disease of 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has vastly impacted individuals worldwide. Millions have contracted the disease thus far; however, the ramifications of containment measures such as quarantine and lockdown have affected many more. This study aimed to explore the prevalence of self-reported anxiety and depression among a cohort of Saudi medical students, as well as graduating medical students’ concerns, during this pandemic. This cross-sectional study utilized an online survey that collected demographic data, scores on validated anxiety, and depression scales, as well as the graduates’ concerns. The Generalized Anxiety Disorder 7-item (GAD-7) and the Public Health Questionnaire 9-item (PHQ-9) scales were used. Cutoff scores for anxiety symptoms were (GAD-7 ≥ 8) and for depression (PHQ-9 ≥ 10). Out of 83 graduates, 55 completed the online survey. Anxiety symptoms were present in 34%, depression was present in 26%, and 19% had both depression and anxiety symptoms. Female graduates experienced higher anxiety symptoms (54 vs. 15%, p = 0.004 ). The highest-ranked concerns were the possible effect of the pandemic on the forthcoming internship year and on the impact on the current academic course. We found high levels of anxiety and depression symptoms during the pandemic among our cohort of medical students in their final year of study. Our findings suggest that medical students in their final years may be negatively affected by the pandemic, where high levels of depression and anxiety coincide with concerns about the effect of the pandemic on the next phase of their vocation.

Cross-Lagged Relationships Between Self-Esteem, Self-Construal, and Happiness in a Three-Wave Longitudinal Study

2019 ◽  
Vol 40 (3) ◽  
pp. 177-185
Author(s):  
Daniela Moza ◽  
Laurențiu Maricuțoiu ◽  
Alin Gavreliuc
Keyword(s):  
Structural Equation ◽  
Time Lag ◽  
Self Esteem ◽  
Equation Modeling ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Self Construal ◽  
Self Worth ◽  
Practical Implications ◽  
Independent Person

Abstract. Previous research established that an independent construal of the self is associated with higher self-esteem, which, in turn, is associated with increased happiness. Regarding the directionality of these relationships, theoretical arguments have suggested that self-construal precedes self-esteem and that self-esteem precedes happiness. However, most research in this area is cross-sectional, thus limiting any conclusions about directionality. The present study tested these relationships in 101 Romanian undergraduates using a 3-wave cross-lagged design with a 6-month time lag between every two waves. Structural equation modeling analyses revealed that self-esteem is an antecedent of both happiness and dimensions of independent self-construal (i.e., consistency vs. variability and self-expression vs. harmony). In other words, one’s positive evaluation of self-worth precedes one’s self-perception as being a happy and independent person. The findings are discussed with respect to the theoretical and practical implications, along with limitations and suggestions for future research.

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