scholarly journals UTILIZATION OF SAMBUNG NYAWA LEAF EXTRACTS Gynura procumbens (Lour) Merr. FOR TREATMENT OF Vibrio alginolyticus IN TIGER GROUPER (Epinephelus fuscoguttatus Forsskal, 1775)

2019 ◽  
Vol 47 (2) ◽  
pp. 134
Author(s):  
Novi Santika ◽  
Wardiyanto Wardiyanto ◽  
Esti Harpeni
Keyword(s):  
Leaf Extract ◽  
Sea Water ◽  
Economic Value ◽  
In Vitro Study ◽  
Inhibitory Effect ◽  
Vibrio Alginolyticus ◽  
Leaf Extracts ◽  
Tiger Grouper

Tiger Grouper is one of the sea water fish commodities that is quite popular with the community and has a high economic value. The problem faced by farmers is the attack of Vibriosis, one of which is caused by the Vibrio alginolyticus bacteria. The use of synthetic antibiotics has been widely used but has many adverse effects, so it needs new alternatives for the treatment of Vibriosis disease. One of them is by using the extract of lifelong leaf extract. Life-sustaining plants (Gynura procumbens) contain secondary metabolites such as flavonoids, tannins, and antibacterial saponins. This study aims to determine the best dosage of lifelong leaf extract for the treatment of Vibriosis disease in tiger grouper. The study was conducted in two stages, namely in vitro and in vivo. Before the fish were treated with feed that had been given a sambung deca leaf extract, the fish were challenged using Vibrio alginolyticus with a density of 108 CFU / mL as much as 0.1 mL / head and then fed with treatment and maintained for 21 days. The results of the in vitro study showed that the life of sambung leaf extract at a dose of 700 ppm had a broad inhibitory effect on V. alginolyticus, which amounted to 10.47 mm compared to other treatments. Whereas when continued for in vivo testing, a dose of 350 ppm in general has been applied for the treatment of attacks of Vibrio alginolyticus in tiger grouper.

Aqueous extracts of avocado pear (Persea americana Mill.) leaves and seeds exhibit anti-cholinesterases and antioxidant activities in vitro

2016 ◽  
Vol 27 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ganiyu Oboh ◽  
Veronica O. Odubanjo ◽  
Fatai Bello ◽  
Ayokunle O. Ademosun ◽  
Sunday I. Oyeleye ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Leaf Extract ◽  
Antioxidant Activities ◽  
Radical Scavenging ◽  
Inhibitory Effect ◽  
Seed Extract ◽  
Persea Americana ◽  
Dependent Manner ◽  
Natural Treatment

AbstractAvocado pear (The inhibitory effects of extracts on AChE and BChE activities and antioxidant potentials (inhibition of FeThe extracts inhibited AChE and BChE activities and prooxidant-induced TBARS production in a dose-dependent manner, with the seed extract having the highest inhibitory effect and the leaf extract exhibiting higher phenolic content and radical scavenging abilities, but lower Fe chelation ability compared with that of the seed. The phytochemical screening revealed the presence of saponins, alkaloids, and terpenoids in both extracts, whereas the total alkaloid profile was higher in the seed extract than in the leaf extract, as revealed by GC-FID.The anti-cholinesterase and antioxidant activities of avocado leaf and seed could be linked to their phytoconstituents and might be the possible mechanisms underlying their use as a cheap and natural treatment/management of AD. However, these extracts should be further investigated in vivo.

scholarly journals Phytochemical evaluation and in vitro antidiabetic efficiency of isopropanolic leaf extract of pimenta racemosa

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 50-55
Author(s):  
Anitha T A ◽  
Pakutharivu T ◽  
Nirubama K ◽  
Akshaya V
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Glucose Uptake ◽  
Inhibitory Activity ◽  
Leaf Extract ◽  
Yeast Cells ◽  
Antidiabetic Activity ◽  
Leaf Extracts ◽  
Pimenta Racemosa

The traditional herbal medicines are mainly obtained from plants are used in the management of Diabetes mellitus. The main objective of this work was to assess the presence of phytochemical compounds and to evaluate the in vitro antidiabetic activity of isopropanolic extracts of Pimenta racemosa leaves by studying their α-amylase inhibitory activity and glucose transport across yeast cells. Screening of phytochemicals showed positive results for alkaloids, steroids, cardiac glycosides, terpenoids, reducing sugars, anthraquinones, and results of in vitro α-amylase inhibitory studies demonstrated there was a dose-dependent increase in percentage inhibitory activity by the isopropanolic leaf extracts of Pimenta racemosa. At a concentration of 1 mg/ml, the extract showed a percentage inhibition 33.6 and for 5 mg/ml it was 91.2. The glucose uptake study was also studied through yeast cells by analyzing theamount of glucose remaining in the medium after a specific time intervals. It serves as an indicator for the capability of isopropanolic leaf extracts of Pimenta racemosa to transport the glucose into yeast cells. As a result, we found that the isopropanolic leaf extract of Pimenta racemosa have inhibitory activity against αamylase and also, which is efficient in glucose uptake. This therapeutic potentiality of Pimenta racemosa could be exploited in the treatment of Type 2 Diabetes mellitus. Further studies are also required to elucidate whether the plant have antidiabetic potential by in vivo for corroborating the traditional claim of the plant.

Inhibitory Effect of Resveratrol on the Pharmacokinetics of Ticagrelor in Vivo and Vitro

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peng Wang ◽  
Xiao-Xia Hu ◽  
Ying-hui Li ◽  
Nan-Yong Gao ◽  
Guo-quan Chen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Rat Liver ◽  
Liver Microsomes ◽  
In Vitro Study ◽  
Inhibitory Effect ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Rat Liver Microsomes ◽  
Sprague Dawley ◽  
Group B

This study was to evaluate the effect of resveratrol on the pharmacokinetics of ticagrelor in rats and the metabolism of ticagrelor in human CYP3A4 and liver microsomes. Eighteen Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into three groups: group A (control group), group B (50mg/kg resveratrol), and group C (150mg/kg resveratrol ). After 30 minutes administration of resveratrol, a single dose of ticagrelor (18mg/kg) was administered orally. The vitro experiment was performed to examine the influence of resveratrol on ticagrelor metabolism in CYP3A4*1, human, and rat liver microsomes. Serial biological samples were assayed by validated UHPLC-MS/MS methods. In vivo study, the AUC and Cmax of ticagrelor in group B and C appeared to be significantly higher than the control group, while Vz/F and CLz/F of ticagrelor in group B and C were significantly decreased. In vitro study, resveratrol exhibited an inhibitory effect on CYP3A4*1, human and rat liver microsomes. The IC50 values of resveratrol were 56.75μM，69.07μM and 14.22μM, respectively. Our results indicated that resveratrol had a inhibitory effect on the metabolism of ticagrelor in vitro and vivo. It should be paid more attention to the clinical combination of resveratrol with ticagrelor and ticagrelor plasma concentration should be monitored to avoid the occurrence of adverse reaction.

scholarly journals The Anti-Proliferative and Anti-Invasive Effect of Leaf Extracts of Blueberry Plants Treated with Methyl Jasmonate on Human Gastric Cancer In Vitro Is Related to Their Antioxidant Properties

Antioxidants ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 45 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alejandra Ribera-Fonseca ◽  
Danae Jiménez ◽  
Pamela Leal ◽  
Ismael Riquelme ◽  
Juan Carlos Roa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gastric Cancer ◽  
Cancer Cell ◽  
Leaf Extract ◽  
Antioxidant Properties ◽  
Human Gastric Cancer ◽  
Leaf Extracts ◽  
And Migration ◽  
Related Proteins

Gastric cancer is the third main cause of cancerous tumors in humans in Chile. It is well-accepted that a diet rich in antioxidant plants could help in fighting cancer. Blueberry is a fruit crop with a high content of antioxidants. Methyl jasmonate (MeJA) is a phytohormone involved in plant defenses under stress conditions. The exogenous application of MeJA can improve the antioxidant properties in plants. We studied in vitro and in vivo anticancer action on human gastric cancer (cell line AGS) and the antioxidant properties of extracts from blueberry plants untreated and treated with MeJA. The results demonstrated that leaf extracts displayed a higher inhibition of cancer cell viability as well as greater antioxidant properties compared to fruit extracts. Besides, MeJA applications to plants improved the antioxidant properties of leaf extracts (mainly anthocyanins), increasing their inhibition levels on cell viability and migration. It is noteworthy that leaf extract from MeJA-treated plants significantly decreased cancer cell migration and expression of gastric cancer-related proteins, mainly related to the mitogen-activating protein kinase (MAPK) pathway. Interestingly, in all cases the anticancer and antioxidant properties of leaf extracts were strongly related. Despite highlighted outcomes, in vivo results did not indicate significant differences in Helicobacter pylori colonization nor inflammation levels in Mongolian gerbils unfed and fed with blueberry leaf extract. Our findings demonstrated that MeJA increased antioxidant compounds, mainly anthocyanins, and decreased the viability and migration capacity of AGS cells. In addition, leaf extracts from MeJA-treated plants were also able to decrease the expression of gastric cancer-related proteins. Our outcomes also revealed that the anthocyanin-rich fraction of blueberry leaf extracts showed higher in vitro antiproliferative and anti-invasive effects than the crude leaf extracts. However, it is still uncertain whether the leaf extracts rich in anthocyanins of blueberry plants are capable of exerting a chemopreventive or chemoprotective effect against gastric cancer on an in vivo model.

scholarly journals Evaluation of three plant species to control black scurf disease of Irish potato (Solanum tuberosum Linn.)

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 90-99
Author(s):  
Matthew O. ADEBOLA ◽  
Tunde S. BELLO ◽  
Esther A. SERIKI ◽  
Mariam B. AREMU
Keyword(s):  
Solanum Tuberosum ◽  
Mycelial Growth ◽  
Pathogenic Fungus ◽  
Inhibitory Effect ◽  
Black Scurf ◽  
Irish Potato ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Leaf Extracts

Irish potato (Solanum tuberosum) is an important worldwide food crop and one of the most popular in Nigeria. Its abundance and successful yield have been immensely affected by black scurf disease caused by Rhizoctonia solani. Harnessing a cost-effective management of this pathogenic fungus, three botanical species Acalypha wilkesiana, Moringa oleifera and Carica papaya leaves, each at concentrations of 0 mg ml-1 (control), 25 mg ml-1, 50 mg ml-1 and 75 mg ml-1 were evaluated in vitro. The plant leaf extracts were prepared using methanol and were evaluated for their toxicity using agar well diffusion method. The fungus was isolated from spoilt Irish potato with black scurf symptoms. The results showed the presence of some phytochemicals in leaf extract of each of the plants tested. The three leaves extract independently inhibited mycelial growth of R. solani. The potency of all the plant extracts increased with the increase in concentration. The highest concentration (75 mg ml-1) of M. oleifera and C. papaya evaluated, gave the highest inhibitory effect of 0.81 mm and 1.63 mm respectively, which were not significantly different (p> 0.05), but was obviously different from A. wilkesiana (2.81 mm). Furthermore, M. oleifera extract gave the highest percentage of mycelial growth inhibition of the fungus in all grades of the concentrations evaluated, whereas A. wilkesiana showed the least. The leaves of the three species are therefore recommended for in vivo control of this fungus, owing to their proven efficacy and to their cheap availability.

Modulation by Dipyridamole of the Arachidonic Acid Metabolic Pathway in Platelets an in vivo and in vitro Study

1979 ◽  
Author(s):  
Neri G.G. Serneri ◽  
G. F. Gensini ◽  
R. Abbate ◽  
S. Favilla ◽  
R. Laureano
Keyword(s):  
Arachidonic Acid ◽  
Antiplatelet Agent ◽  
In Vitro Study ◽  
Inhibitory Effect ◽  
Oral Route ◽  
Radiometric Assay ◽  
Venous Infusion ◽  
Clinical Conditions

Dipyridamole is a useful antiplatelet agent in specific clinical conditions, but its effects on TxEL production by platelets are now being debated, Resting platelets from patients with 1.5-2 fig/ml serum dipyridamole (spectrofluorimetric assay). administered by venous infusion or by oral route, showed an increased concentration (m.v. +60% P<0.001) of cAMP (radiometric assay). After stimulation with thrombin (5U/ml) platelets produced a significantly decreased amount of TxB(m.v. -60%, F< 0.001) (radioimmunoassay with antibody kindly supplied by Doctor J.B. Smith, Philadelphia). However also after stimulation with arachidonic acid (A.A.) 1 mM TxB production was decreased(m.v. -50%, P<0.001). The incubation of control platelets with different concentrations of dipyridamole (0.5, 1 and 2 μg/ml) for 20 min at 37°C resulted in an increase of cAMP and in a decrease of TxB, production after stimulation with thrombin and with A.A.. These results indicate that dipyridamole is endowed with direct antiaggrega= ting activity caused by a decreased production of TxB2. This in tum seems due to an inhibitory modulating effect of cAMP on arachidonic acid cyclo-oxygenation. However our findings do not rule out an inhibitory effect also on phospholipase A2.

scholarly journals Uji daya hambat ekstrak daun mengkudu (Morinda citrifolia L.) terhadap pertumbuhan Candida albicans secara in vitro

e-GIGI ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Olivia C. Simatupang ◽  
Jemmy Abidjulu ◽  
Krista V. Siagian
Keyword(s):  
Candida Albicans ◽  
Leaf Extract ◽  
In Vitro Study ◽  
Inhibition Zone ◽  
Inhibitory Effect ◽  
Morinda Citrifolia ◽  
Predisposing Factor ◽  
Group Design ◽  
Post Test

Abstract: Candida albicans is a normal flora of the mouth, respiratory tract, gastrointestinal tract and the female genital but it becomes pathogen if there is a predisposing factor. Approximately 85-95% of oral candida infections are caused by C. albicans that is usually attached to the labial mucosa, buccal mucosa, the dorsal parts of the tongue and palate. Noni (Morinda citrifolia L.) is already known as a medical plant; one of it parts that has a medicinal effect is the leaf that contains anthraquinon as an antifungal. This study was aimed to determine the effect of noni leaf extract to the growth of C. albicans. This was a true experimental in vitro study with the post test only group design. The Kirby-Bauer method with filter paper was used to evaluate the sensitivity of C. albicans to mengkudu leaf extract. Leaves samples were extracted by using maceration process with ethanol 96%. C. albicans obtained from the pure stock of Laboratory of Microbiology Pharmacy Faculty of Math and Science, University of Sam Ratulangi. The results showed that the inhibition zone diameter of noni leaf extract on the growth of C. albicans was 16 mm (strong inhibition category). Conclusion: Noni leaf extract (Morinda citrifolia L.) had an inhibitory effect on Candida albicans.Keywords: Mengkudu leaf (Morinda citrifolia L.), Candida albicans, inhibition zone Abstrak: Candida albicans merupakan anggota flora normal rongga mulut, saluran pernafasan, saluran pencernaan, dan genital wanita namun dapat menjadi patogen jika terdapat faktor predisposisi. Sekitar 85-95% infeksi kandidiasis oral disebabkan oleh C albicans yang biasanya melekat pada mukosa labial, mukosa bukal, dorsum lidah dan palatum. Tanaman mengkudu (Morinda citrifolia L.) telah dikenal sebagai tumbuhan obat. Salah satu bagian tanaman mengkudu yang memiliki efek obat ialah daunnya karena adanya kandungan antrakuinon yang bersifat antijamur. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui efek ekstrak daun mengkudu terhadap pertumbuhan C. albicans. Jenis penelitian ini ialah eksperimental laboratorik secara in vitro dengan post test only group design. Pengujian menggunakan metode Kirby-Bauer berbahan kertas saring. Sampel daun diekstraksi dengan proses maserasi menggunakan etanol 96%. Jamur C. albicans diambil dari stok biakan jamur murni Laboratorium Farmasi FMIPA Universitas Sam Ratulangi Manado. Hasil penelitian mendapatkan diameter zona hambat ekstrak daun mengkudu terhadap pertumbuhan C. albicans 16 mm yang tergolong kriteria zona hambat kuat. Simpulan: Ekstrak daun mengkudu (Morinda citrifolia L.) mempunyai daya hambat terhadap jamur Candida albicans.Kata kunci: daun mengkudu, Candida albicans, zona hambat

scholarly journals In vitro study of potential antibacterial pometia pinnata leaf extract in Neisseria gonorrhoeae

MEDISAINS ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 19 (3) ◽  
pp. 72
Author(s):  
Gandi Ari Savitri Widayani ◽  
Muhammad Choiroel Anwar ◽  
Sudirman Sudirman
Keyword(s):  
Antibiotic Resistance ◽  
Neisseria Gonorrhoeae ◽  
Leaf Extract ◽  
In Vitro Study ◽  
Positive Control ◽  
Negative Control ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Leaf Extracts ◽  
Extract Concentration

Background: Gonorrhea cases experiencing antibiotic resistance are increasing due to inadequate treatment or failure to contribute to an increase in antibiotic resistance cases; WHO suggests adding herbal therapy treatment methods is expected to minimize the occurrence of drug resistance as much as possible. Previous studies that have been carried out using other herbal plants have not shown any potential to inhibit the growth of Neisseria gonorrhoeae bacteria, seen from the amount of extract concentration and the dosage and content of the compounds in the contents monitoring the time.Objective: To analyze the difference in the effect of various concentrations of Matoa Leafs Extract (Pometia Pinnata) compared to 500mg Levofloxacin on the increase in the growth inhibition of Neisseria gonorrhoeae.Methods: This is true-experimental research with a post-test-only control group with a randomized design. The sample in this study was the microorganism Neisseria gonorrhoeae obtained through vaginal swabs in 2 females (FSW) positive for Gonorrhea by gram staining and microscopic examination and culture on Chocolate Agar Plant (CAP) media. The culture was then suspended in CAP media. Matoa Leaf extract concentration of 100%, 80%, 60%, 40%, 20%, positive control with Levofloxacin 500 mg and negative control with distilled water with four replications and monitoring in 24 hours, 48 hours, 72 hours, and 96 hours. Data analysis used Kruskal-Wallis, Mann-Whitney, and cohen's test. Result: Levofloxacin 500mg in inhibiting Neisseria Gonorrhoeae bacteria is very effective, and Matoa Leaf extracts 60% and 40% P=0,026 have a strong enough potential to inhibit the growth of Neisseria gonorrhoeae bacteria with the same potential strength. The cohen's test 1.4 effect the levofloxacin 500mg provides a significant influence inhibiting Neisseria Gonorrhoeae.Conclusion: Matoa Leaf extract 60%, and 40% have solid antibacterial potential, although not as strong as Levofloxacin 500mg.

PTH- PTHR1 Axis Control on Anti-Myeloma Effect of Proteasome Inhibitors

Blood ◽  
2010 ◽  
Vol 116 (21) ◽  
pp. 5017-5017
Author(s):  
Maurizio Zangari ◽  
Fang Xiao ◽  
Ye Yang ◽  
Hongwei Xu ◽  
Guido J. Tricot ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Multiple Myeloma ◽  
Conflicts Of Interest ◽  
Single Agent ◽  
Proteasome Inhibitors ◽  
In Vitro Study ◽  
Inhibitory Effect ◽  
Tumor Burden ◽  
Control Group

Abstract Abstract 5017 Multiple myeloma (MM) is a plasma cell malignancy with high osteolytic capacity and impaired bone formation. Our recent studies have demonstrated that PTH serum increases are associated with Bortezomib responses in multiple myeloma patients, indicating a possible role of PTH in anti myeloma effect of Bortezomib. We first tested the 5TGM1 cell line for sensitivity to bortezomib, PTH, and [TYR34]bPTH-(7-34) bovine (a specific PTHR1 inhibitor) in various combinations. In an in vitro study, 5TGM1 cells were sensitive to cytotoxicity of bortezomib and PTH in a dose dependent fashion. TYR compound was found to have no effect as single agent on 5TGM1 cell survival, but was able to partially block the inhibitory effect of bortezomib on cell growth (Figure 1). In an in vivo study using the 5TGM1 C 57BL/KaLwRijmice, we tested PTH-PTHR1 axis on bortezomib anti-myeloma activity. As shown in Figure 1, mice survival was positively affected by bortezomib administration (P = 0.04), and the combination of PTH + bortezomib showed a trend to further improve survival (P = 0.09). Interestingly, the concomitant use of [TYR] compound with bortezomib completely abrogated the efficacy of the proteasome inhibitor on survival. Tumor burden assessed by M-protein levels decreased consistently in mice treated with bortezomib alone, PTH alone, or a combination of PTH + bortezomib compared with the control group treated with PBS (P = 0.003, P = 0.05, P = 0.01 respectively). Importantly the tumor burden in the mice treated with bortezomib was significantly lower than in mice treated with bortezomib plus the PTH inhibitor (TYR), again indicating that the PTHR inhibitor abrogates the effect of Bortezomib on tumor growth. Similar results were obtained using the same systems for other commercially available proteasome inhibitors. Thus, we conclude that the PTH- PTHR1 pathway appears essential for proteasome inhibition activity in myeloma. Our observations may lead to novel treatment approaches in myeloma. Disclosures: No relevant conflicts of interest to declare.

Potential Herb-Drug Pharmacokinetic Interactions between African Wild Olive Leaf Extract and Selected Antihypertensive Drugs

Planta Medica ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 84 (12/13) ◽  
pp. 886-894
Author(s):  
Katlego Mmopele ◽  
Sandra Combrinck ◽  
Josias Hamman ◽  
Clarissa Willers ◽  
Weiyang Chen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Prescription Drugs ◽  
Leaf Extract ◽  
Antihypertensive Drugs ◽  
Blood Levels ◽  
Olive Leaf ◽  
Leaf Extracts ◽  
Olive Leaf Extract ◽  
Wild Olive

AbstractThe African wild olive (Olea europaea subsp. africana) is traditionally used as a hypotensive agent. Herb-drug interactions may result from the concurrent use of herbal medicines and conventional prescription drugs. This aspect was investigated by determining the effect of the extract on the in vitro intestinal epithelial permeation of selected hypotensive drugs using the Caco-2 cell culture model. The phytochemical profiles of leaf extracts of African wild olive from different localities in South Africa were compared, since efficacy is determined by the chemical composition. Extracts were analysed using ultra-performance liquid chromatography. The oleuropein concentration varied considerably from below the detection limit (4.94 µg/mL) to 59.4 mg/g dry weight. Chemometric models constructed from the aligned chromatographic data indicated only quantitative differences between the profiles. The leaf extract was found to increase the permeability of propranolol in the absorptive direction (Papp = 8.93 × 10−6 cm/s) across Caco-2 cell monolayers, but considerably decreased transport in the secretory direction (Papp = 3.68 × 10−6 cm/s). The permeation of diltiazem was enhanced by the extract in both the absorptive (Papp = 7.33 × 10−6 cm/s) as well as in the secretory direction (Papp = 7.16 × 10−6 cm/s), but a decrease in the efflux ratio was observed. The extract therefore caused a net increase in the transport of both drugs in the absorptive direction due to an inhibition effect on their efflux. This suggests a potential increase in the blood levels of these drugs when taken simultaneously with African wild olive leaf extract, indicating potential adverse effects that must be verified in vivo.

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