scholarly journals Patterns of Psychiatric Illness over 3 years: A single Centre Inpatient Study From Nepal

2015 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 15-19
Author(s):  
S Dhungana ◽  
M Chapagai ◽  
P Tulachan ◽  
S P Ojha
Keyword(s):  
Psychiatric Illness ◽  
Psychotic Disorders ◽  
Psychiatric Patients ◽  
Descriptive Analysis ◽  
Tertiary Hospital ◽  
University Teaching ◽  
P Value ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Psychiatric Illnesses ◽  
Common Diagnosis

Introduction: Inpatient psychiatric patients are a major group of our treatment domain and they are different from outpatients in certain characteristics. In this study, we assessed the patterns of psychiatric illnesses along with socio-demographic variables in patients admitted in a psychiatry ward of a tertiary hospital over three consecutive years.Methods: This is a retrospective review of all patients admitted in psychiatry ward Tribhuvan University Teaching Hospital over a three year period between 2067 Baisakh to 2069 Chaitra (2010 April to 2013 April) by reviewing in-patient admission charts from medical records section of the hospital. Descriptive analysis was done by using SPSS version 19; Chicago, IL, with p value of <0.05 being considered statistically significant.  Results: There were a total of 881 patients admitted in the psychiatry ward during the study period (281 patients in 2067, 303 in 2068 and 297 in 2069). Patients in the age group of 20-30 years comprised the majority (n=295; 33.5%) of the total population followed by age group 10-20 years (n=239; 27.1%). Males constituted 50.3% of the total patients. Most of the patients belonged to the central developmental region (n=580; 65.8%). Brahmins comprised the majority (n=374; 42.5%) and 98.8% of the patients were Hindus. The most common diagnosis was schizophrenia and related disorders (25.5%) followed by acute and transient psychotic disorders, ATPD (14.4%). Majority of the patients (n=422; 47.9%) had hospital stay duration of 7-14 days. About 98% of patients were discharged with no cases of mortality over three years studied. Overall trend in those three years was similar except for ethnicity, diagnosis, and duration of stay (p≤0.001).Conclusion: We conclude that schizophrenia and related disorders were the most common diagnosis and 20- 30 years age group was the most commonly afflicted age- group among psychiatry inpatients. This adds insight to our understanding of predominant psychiatric illness in inpatients and how they differ from outpatients aiding in scaling of services in inpatients.J Psychiatric Association of Nepal Vol .3, No.2, 2014, pp:15-19DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/jpan.v3i2.12382 

scholarly journals Tobacco Use, Dependence and Psychiatric Co-Morbidities Among Patients Admitted in Psychiatry Ward

2018 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 54-59
Author(s):  
S Limbu ◽  
DR Shakya ◽  
N Sapkota ◽  
R Gautam ◽  
L Paudel
Keyword(s):  
Psychiatric Disorders ◽  
Nicotine Dependence ◽  
Tobacco Use ◽  
Psychotic Disorders ◽  
Psychiatric Patients ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
P Value ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Holistic Management ◽  
Common Diagnosis

Introduction: Nicotine dependent individuals among the tobacco users are in greater risk of having tobacco related disease and psychiatric co-morbidities. There is little information about the tobacco use and nicotine dependence among psychiatric patients in developing countries including Nepal. This study was done to estimate the prevalence of tobacco use, the level of nicotine dependence among the users and the psychiatric disorder specific prevalence among tobacco users admitted in psychiatry ward.Material And Method: A cross-sectional study was conducted in In-patient setting of Department of Psychiatry, BPKIHS. Ninety cases (size) were enrolled. The Fagerström Test for Nicotine Dependence (FTND) was applied to assess the level of nicotine dependence and the Mini International Neuropsychiatric Interview (M.I.N.I.) for diagnosis of Psychiatric disorders.Results: The prevalence of tobacco use was 62.2%. Tobacco use was more common among males (p value< 0.05).Smokeless form was the commonest form of tobacco. Majority of tobacco users had moderate nicotine dependence and had started the use in adolescence and in their 20s. Psychotic disorders were the most common diagnosis among the admitted patients.Conclusion: Tobacco use is common in patients with psychiatric disorders. Nicotine dependence should be looked into for holistic management. Treatment approaches should be tailored in tobacco users with comorbid psychiatric disorders, as this specific population has high prevalence of tobacco use and higher nicotine dependence. J Psychiatrists’ Association of Nepal Vol. 6, No. 2, 2017, Page: 54-59

Issues of geriatric otolaryngologic emergency have not been widely applied despite increase in geriatric population. (Preprint)

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Waheed Atilade Adegbiji ◽  
Shuaib Kayode Aremu ◽  
AbdulAkeem Adebayo Aluko
Keyword(s):  
Foreign Body ◽  
Head And Neck ◽  
Clinical Features ◽  
University Teaching ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Geriatric Population ◽  
Female Ratio ◽  
Common Diagnosis ◽  
Foreign Body Impaction ◽  
Nose And Throat

BACKGROUND Issues of geriatric otolaryngologic emergency have not been widely applied despite increase in geriatric population. OBJECTIVE This study aimed at determining prevalence, sociodemographic features, aetiology, clinical features, Complications and sources ofreferral of geriatric otorhinolaryngological, head and neck emergency in our center. METHODS This was a prospective hospital based study of geriatric otorhinolaryngology emergency in the Ear, Nose and Throat Department of Ekiti State University Teaching Hospital. The study was carried out between October 2016 and September 2018. Data were obtained by using pretested interviewers questionnaire.All data were collated and analyzed using SPSS version 18.0. The data were expressed by frequency table, percentage, bar charts and pie charts. RESULTS Geriatric otorhinolaryngology, head and neck emergency accounted for 5.3%. Major prevalence age group was 43.9% in the age group (60-64). There were 38.6% males with male to female ratio of 1:1.5. The main aetiology of geriatric otorhinolaryngology emergency was 29.5% trauma/road traffic accident/foreign body impaction and 25.8% tumour. Main anatomical distribution of geriatric otorhinolaryngology emergency were 38.6% throat diseases and 31.1% ear diseases. The most frequent clinical features were pain in 27.3%, hearing loss in 21.2%, tinnitus in 15.9%, bleeding in 14.4%, difficulty breathing in 12.9% and discharge in 11.4%. Common diagnosis in this study were 15.9% sinonasal tumour, 14.4% upper aerodigestive foreign body impaction, 10.6% earwax impaction and 19.8% otitis externa. Acute presentation (<13 weeks) occurred in 1 week in 74.2% and 2-13 weeks In 19.7%. Commonest time of presentation was daytime in 65.9%. Major sources of referral were 43.2% general practitioner and 31.1% casualty officers. Presentation of geriatric otorhinolaryngology emergency were mainly ear, nose and throat clinic in 59.8% with accident and emergency in 28.8%. Commonest associated comorbid illnesses among the geriatric patients were 18.2% hypertension, 14.4% arthritis and 9.8% diabetes mellitus. CONCLUSIONS Geriatric otorhinolaryngological emergency are common pathology with associated with comorbid illnesses. Detailed clinical assessment are mandatory for effective management outcome.

The Reporting of Recent Stress in the Lives of Psychiatric Patients

1970 ◽  
Vol 117 (541) ◽  
pp. 635-643 ◽  
Author(s):  
Richard W. Hudgens ◽  
Eli Robins ◽  
W. Bradford Delong
Keyword(s):  
Life Events ◽  
Psychiatric Illness ◽  
Psychiatric Patients ◽  
Causative Role ◽  
Causal Connection ◽  
Specific Question ◽  
Interpersonal Conflicts ◽  
Positive Evidence ◽  
Medically Ill ◽  
Psychiatric Illnesses

Physicians and patients frequently assume a causal connection between life events and subsequent episodes of psychiatric illness. It seems to ‘make sense’ that an illness which is to some extent manifested by disordered emotions could be caused in part by emotion-producing events. But plausibility alone is no proof of the truth of such an assumption. Realizing this, several investigators have conducted systematic studies of the interrelationships of life events and illnesses, both psychiatric and medical. Such work has been reported by Adamson and Schmale (1), Holmes, et al. (3, 7, 9, 10) Brown and Birley (2) Clayton, et al. (4) Morrison, et al. (11) Murphy, et al. (12, 13) and Hudgens, et al. (8). These authors differed regarding the specific question of whether illnesses may be caused by emotion-producing stress. The first six of the above papers presented positive evidence for such a cause-effect relationship. The last four papers reported that psychiatric patients had significantly more interpersonal conflicts than did well persons or medically ill persons, at least while their psychiatric illnesses were in progress; but the latter authors were unable to find evidence that any type of stress, interpersonal or otherwise, played a causative role in the illnesses. Disagreements among all these workers may be traced to differences in both theoretical approach and methodology.

scholarly journals Prevalence and Causes of Low Vision and Blindness among Adult Patients Attending Eye Clinic in a Tertiary Hospital in South East, Nigeria

2021 ◽  
pp. 20-28
Author(s):  
O. A. I. Otuka ◽  
N. C. Ekeleme ◽  
E. N. Akaraiwe ◽  
E. C. Iwuoha ◽  
L. I. Eweputanna ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Low Vision ◽  
Statistical Significance ◽  
Tertiary Hospital ◽  
Adult Patients ◽  
University Teaching ◽  
P Value ◽  
Social Challenges ◽  
Care Givers ◽  
Significant Public Health ◽  
Eye Clinic

Background: Low vision and blindness are significant public health issues worldwide. They result in educational, occupational, and social challenges in the affected persons. Their care givers/ families are also severely affected. There is however limited data on the magnitude of visual impairment in Aba, South East Nigeria. Objective: To determine the prevalence and causes of low vision and blindness among adult patients attending eye clinic in a tertiary hospital in South East Nigeria. Materials and Methods: This was an institutional-based retrospective, descriptive study involving 457 patients who attended Abia State University Teaching Hospital eye clinic between April and September 2018. Data was obtained from patient’s hospital records within the period under study and analyzed using IBM SPSS version 25.0. Statistical significance was set at a P-value of < 0.05. Results: Data of 457 ophthalmic patients who met the inclusion criteria for this study were analyzed. Mean age of respondents was 48.5 ± 17.7 years. A total 5.4% of the patients had bilateral low vision, while 30.2% and 7% had monocular and bilateral blindness respectively. Cataract-related diagnosis, refractive errors and glaucoma (28.4%, 28.2% and 14.7%) respectively were the major causes of low vision and blindness among the patients. Statistically significant association was found between respondent’s diagnosis and age as well as occupation (P<0.001). Conclusion: Results from this study will aid in planning low vision & blindness preventive programs and improving eye care services.

scholarly journals Choice of temporary contraception based on client’s demographic status and parity

2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Benju Pandit
Keyword(s):  
Retrospective Study ◽  
Contraceptive Method ◽  
Descriptive Analysis ◽  
Tertiary Hospital ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Hospital Record ◽  
Contraceptive Methods ◽  
Contraceptive Service ◽  
Long Acting ◽  
To Receive

Aim: To analyse the demographic factors and parity in women influencing choice of contraceptive methods. Methods: This is a hospital record based retrospective study at Bhaktapur hospital, a tertiary hospital in a span of 6 months from October 2020 to March 2021. Data were collected from medical record and descriptive analysis was done. Results: There were 142 women taking contraceptive service in six months.Implant was the most commonly used method of contraception (48%), followed by the IUCD (26%), Injectable (16%) and OCP (10%). Age group of 20-39 had more acceptance of contraception as compared to adolescent and women above 40. More the parity more usage of long acting reversible contraception was found. Conclusion: The most common contraceptive method used among women was implant. Client having two or more children are more to receive long acting contraception.

scholarly journals Referral Pattern and Haematological Disorders in a Tertiary Hospital

2021 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 61-69
Author(s):  
AM Onoja ◽  
AI Nwannadi ◽  
AT Onoja ◽  
IH Aba ◽  
E Jatau ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Peripheral Blood ◽  
Bone Marrow Aspiration ◽  
Tertiary Hospital ◽  
Blood Film ◽  
University Teaching ◽  
Full Blood Count ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Haematological Disorder ◽  
Haematological Disorders ◽  
Very High

This study aimed to determine the pattern of referrals and haematological disorders at Benue State University Teaching Hospital. This was a retrospective study of records of a total of 222 adults and Paediatric patients suspected to have haematological disorders, seen and referred from different clinics and wards within and outside the study facility to the Haematologists for evaluation between June 2012 to July 2019 inclusive. These patients were clerked by the Haematologists, peripheral blood samples were taken for full blood count, red cell indices, reticulocyte count and peripheral blood film examination. Bone Marrow Aspiration was done on all the patients and the slides examined. Where indicated, further flowcytometry was done for complete diagnosis. Of the 222 referred, 127 (57.2%) were males while 95(42.8%) were females, with M:F ratio of 1.3:1. The age range of patients was 3 to 95 years with median age of 36.5 years. Those in the age group of 16-35 years constituted the majority 81(36.5%), while the least 5(2.3%) referred cases were in the age group of 76 years and above. The highest referral to the Haematologists was 40(18%) in 2015 and 2018 each. The bulk of referrals to the Haematologist was from Medicine 103(46.4%), followed by referrals from General Outpatient Department (GOPD) 29(13.1%) and then Paediatrics 27(12.2%), the least was from Ear Nose and Throat (ENT). The main indication for referral was Unexplained Anaemia 68(30.6%), followed by Splenomegaly 26(11.7%). One hundred and eighty (81.1%) of the total referred cases had at least an established haematological disorder. The most common haematological disorder established from the total referred cases was Combined Iron Deficiency Anaemia and Megaloblastic Anaemia (IDA/MA) 52(23.4%). This was followed by Chronic Lymphocytic Leukaemia (CLL) 23(10.4%). In conclusion, referrals from other physicians to the Haematologists have very high likelihood of haematological disorder. We recommend that attending Haematologists treat all referred cases with very high index of suspicion so as not to miss a potentially life threatening haematological disorder.

scholarly journals A Study on Incidence and Patterns of Acute Poisoning Cases in an Emergency Department of Western Region of Nepal

2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 59-62
Author(s):  
K. Acharya ◽  
I.S. Kandel ◽  
S. Gupta ◽  
S.D. Poudel
Keyword(s):  
Emergency Department ◽  
Young People ◽  
Acute Poisoning ◽  
Anxiety And Depression ◽  
Western Region ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Common Cause ◽  
Psychiatric Illnesses ◽  
Common Diagnosis

Introduction: Poisoning is a common cause of morbidity and mortality in the Nepal. The objective of our study is to evaluate the incidence and pattern of acute poisoning cases admitted to the Gandaki Medical Teaching Hospital. Methods: This is cross-sectional observational study carried out among acute poisoning cases attending emergency department from January 2015 to December 2017. Results: A total of 156 poisoning cases were treated of which female patients were 71% and the highest numbers (36.5%) of patients were in the age group 21 to 30 years. Organophosphates poisoning was the commonest poison diagnosed among 28.8%, followed by rodenticide poisoning found among 27.5%. Psychiatric illnesses were present among 94.8% of our patients. The most common diagnosis were Anxiety and depression 46.6% followed by family dispute among 30.4%. Above fifty percent of our patients attended our emergency department within 2 hours our ingestion of poisons. Conclusion: Female and young people are at greater risk of acute poisoning. Pesticides were the most common agent. The reasons for the poisoning need to be carefully evaluated and proper support and advice must be given in poisoning cases.

A longitudinal analysis of a work inclusion model for psychiatric patients in the Mental Health Departments of the city of Milan

2021 ◽  
pp. 002076402110429
Author(s):  
Luca Ferrara ◽  
Alberto Varinelli ◽  
Valentina Caricasole ◽  
Chiara Dragoni ◽  
Sonia Mazzardis ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Psychotic Disorders ◽  
Mental Health Problems ◽  
Psychiatric Patients ◽  
Specific Treatment ◽  
Fundamental Aspect ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Treatment Plans ◽  
Age Range ◽  
The City

Background: Work functioning impairment is a key diagnostic and transnosographic criterion for psychiatric disorders in both DSM-5 and ICD-11. Occupational inclusion is a fundamental aspect of the care path for patients attending the territorial services provided by the Italian Mental Health and Addiction Departments (DSMDs). Since 2009, the Regional Innovative Programme (PIR) TR106, promoted by the Fatebenefratelli-Sacco hospital of Milan, Italy, in collaboration with six other metropolitan DSMDs, was created to promote integration for people suffering from mental health problems in the city of Milan. Method: Here we present the results of a retrospective epidemiologic analysis on 2,142 interventions on 1,066 patients, conducted between 2012 and 2019. Results: Most of the interventions were conducted with people with psychotic disorders (39%), followed by personality disorders (25.2%) and affective disorders (22.2%). The age range of 25 to 54 years represented 91.5% of the whole sample, mainly in the 35 to 44 years range (36.4%). Significant age group-related changes in interventions were observed in the observation period, with a reduction in the interventions provided to subjects of the 35 to 44 age group, and an increase in the 25 to 34 age group. Conclusions: PIR TR106 provided the most accurate assessment and data collection so far for the city of Milan. Our data characterised psychiatric groups in order to develop specific treatment plans and work inclusion interventions.

scholarly journals High-risk human papillomavirus detection in self-collected vaginal samples compared with healthcare worker collected cervical samples among women attending gynecology clinics at a tertiary hospital in Pretoria, South Africa

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Teboho Amelia Tiiti ◽  
Tebogo Loraine Mashishi ◽  
Varsetile Varster Nkwinika ◽  
Ina Benoy ◽  
Selokela Gloria Selabe ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
Human Papillomavirus ◽  
High Risk ◽  
Healthcare Worker ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Tertiary Hospital ◽  
P Value ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Total Group ◽  
Mcnemar Test

Abstract Background In 2017, the South African National Department of Health (NDoH) Cervical Cancer Prevention and Control Policy was revised. Human papillomavirus (HPV) testing on self-collected samples may offer improved screening uptake. The objectives of the study were to compare the positivity of high-risk (hr)-HPV deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) and hrHPV viral messenger ribonucleic acid (mRNA) between healthcare worker-collected cervical and self-collected vaginal samples and investigate the accuracy of the applicator-tampon-based self-collected samples in detecting hrHPV DNA and hrHPV mRNA. Methods A total of 527 women aged 18 years and older and seeking gynecology services at a tertiary hospital in Pretoria, South Africa, were enrolled. Vaginal samples were self-collected using SelfCerv applicator tampon, followed by cervical samples collected by a healthcare worker using a Cervex Brush® Combi. Both samples were tested with the Abbott m2000 analyzer for 14-hrHPV types and 285 paired samples were tested for hrHPV E6/E7 mRNA using the Aptima HR-HPV mRNA assay. The prevalence of hrHPV DNA and hrHPV E6/E7 mRNA was estimated and the positivity between the two collection methods was compared for the total group as well as per age group. Results HrHPV prevalence was 48.0% (95% CI 43.7–52.4) among healthcare worker collected samples and 47.6% (95% CI 43.3–52.0) among self-collected samples. There was no difference in positivity between healthcare worker collection (48.0%) and applicator-tampon-based self-collection, 47.6% (p-value = 0.90). The proportions of hrHPV were equal between the age groups as shown by the McNemar test (p = 0.9036) results for correlated proportions. The prevalence of hrHPV mRNA was 78.6% (95% CI 73.4–83.2) and 58.6% (95% CI 52.6–64.4) for healthcare worker- and self-collection, respectively. The McNemar test for correlated proportions was highly significant (p < 0.0001), indicating that the hrHPV mRNA proportions are not comparable, although this differed between age groups. Conclusions Applicator-tampon-based self-collection has a comparable hrHPV DNA positivity rate as healthcare worker collection but different positivity rates for hrHPV mRNA. Self-sampling showed high concordance with healthcare worker-collected sampling for hrHPV DNA detection, especially regarding HPV 16/18 detection. HrHPV DNA was equally detected between the total group as well as per age group. Implementation of self-sampling using an applicator tampon as a primary screening tool may be considered.

scholarly journals Pattern of Neuropsychiatric Illnesses in Geriatric Population: An Outpatient Study Report

2017 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 12-19
Author(s):  
T.K. Aich ◽  
S. Shah ◽  
S Subedi
Keyword(s):  
Alcohol Dependence ◽  
Clinical Data ◽  
Psychiatric Patients ◽  
Descriptive Analysis ◽  
Medical Sciences ◽  
Geriatric Population ◽  
Psychiatric Illnesses ◽  
Alcohol Dependence Syndrome ◽  
One Year ◽  
The One

Introduction: Few studies are available till date on the pattern of neuro-psychiatric illnesses in geriatric population in Nepal.Objective: The study was aimed to know the demographic and clinical profiles of geriatric outpatients in our neuropsychiatry OPD.Method: This study was conducted at the Department of Psychiatry, Universal College of Medical Sciences-Teaching Hospital (UCMS-TH), Bhairahawa, Nepal. We screened through our ‘OPD case registrar’, which maintains few demographic and clinical data of all the new and old cases registered daily in the OPD. Socio-demographic and clinical data of all the patients in the age of 60 years and above were noted in a data sheet specially designed for the present study. This is a retrospective study by chart review. Descriptive analysis of these data were undertaken by using simple frequency distribution.Result: During the one year study period total number of new patients registered were 3711. Two-hundred and fifty-seven (6.9%) among them were in the geriatric age group (≥60 years age). Psychoses form the biggest diagnostic entity with 71 patients (27.6%) followed by Depression in 39 patients (15.2%), Chronic headache in 33 (12.8%), Alcohol Dependence Syndrome in 27 (10.5%), Anxiety disorders in 25 (9.7%) and Dementia in 23 (8.9%) elderly patients. We also recorded 11 patients (4.3%) with symptoms of Mania. ‘Psychosis’ and ‘Depression’, were more represented amongst female elderly while ‘Alcohol dependence’ and ‘Mania’ and were more frequently prevailed among male elderly patient population.Conclusion: Present study is expected to add some more light on this sub-specialty in Psychiatry and hope to induce more interest among young researchers to carry our further research among geriatric psychiatric patients in Nepal.

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