scholarly journals A Study on Incidence and Patterns of Acute Poisoning Cases in an Emergency Department of Western Region of Nepal

2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 59-62
Author(s):  
K. Acharya ◽  
I.S. Kandel ◽  
S. Gupta ◽  
S.D. Poudel

Introduction: Poisoning is a common cause of morbidity and mortality in the Nepal. The objective of our study is to evaluate the incidence and pattern of acute poisoning cases admitted to the Gandaki Medical Teaching Hospital. Methods: This is cross-sectional observational study carried out among acute poisoning cases attending emergency department from January 2015 to December 2017. Results: A total of 156 poisoning cases were treated of which female patients were 71% and the highest numbers (36.5%) of patients were in the age group 21 to 30 years. Organophosphates poisoning was the commonest poison diagnosed among 28.8%, followed by rodenticide poisoning found among 27.5%. Psychiatric illnesses were present among 94.8% of our patients. The most common diagnosis were Anxiety and depression 46.6% followed by family dispute among 30.4%. Above fifty percent of our patients attended our emergency department within 2 hours our ingestion of poisons. Conclusion: Female and young people are at greater risk of acute poisoning. Pesticides were the most common agent. The reasons for the poisoning need to be carefully evaluated and proper support and advice must be given in poisoning cases.

2014 ◽  
Vol 34 (2) ◽  
pp. 100-103 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ajaya Kumar Dhakal ◽  
D Shrestha ◽  
A Shakya ◽  
SC Shah ◽  
H Shakya

Introduction: Acute poisonings are one of the common cause of emergency visits and hospital admissions and is potentially preventable cause of childhood mortality and morbidity. The objectives of this study were to identify the common type of poisoning in children, to determine types of poisoning according to age and to find out the common age group in which the incidence of poisoning was high.Materials and Methods: It was a descriptive observational study done in a teaching hospital in Lalitpur, Nepal in patients aged 1 month to 18 years who visited the emergency department and were admitted to hospital with history of alleged poisoning from 2009 July to 2014 January.Results: Fifty patients were included. Drugs, kerosene and organophosphorus were most common cause of poisoning. Drugs and kerosene below 10 years of age and organophosphorus and drugs above 10 years of age were common types of poisoning. Maximum numbers (50%) of children with poisoning cases were below five year of age. Mean duration of hospital stay was 2.1days and mean age of poisoning was 7.8 years with a male(54%) predominance. Majority of poisoning occurred at home (84%) and 68% of patients were symptomatic at presentation to hospital with 84% of patients presenting to hospital within six hours.Conclusion: This study showed that drugs, kerosene and organophosphorus were most common forms of poisoning. Young children were most vulnerable for acute poisoning.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/jnps.v34i2.10139J Nepal Paediatr Soc 2014;34(2):100-103 


2018 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
pp. 41-43
Author(s):  
Bikash Karki ◽  
Kiran Nakarmi ◽  
Mangal Gharti Magar ◽  
Krishna Nagarkoti ◽  
Shankar Man Rai

Background: There can be multiple hand problems with which patients can present. Such hand problems can be because of any kind of trauma, birth defects, tumours, infection or other conditions. Hand surgery is a special field of plastic surgery, which deals with these hand problems. The Department of Burns, Plastic & Reconstructive Surgery of Kirtipur Hospital run by Public Health Concern Trust-Nepal has been providing hand surgery service to the patients with these hand problems.Aim of Study: To analyse the various types of surgical hand problems in patients attending Kirtipur Hospital.Material and Methods: It is a cross sectional retrospective  observational study of the patients with different hand problems done at the Department of Burns, Plastic & Reconstructive surgery of Kirtipur Hospital from January to December 2016.Results: There were 124 patients who presented with various hand problems. There was male preponderance and the most common age group affected was between 15-60 years. Hand trauma was the most common cause of hand problems followed by post burn contractures.Conclusion: Hand is a complicated organ which can give rise to various problems. Hand surgery is an essential component of reconstructive surgery to deal with these problems. JNGMC,  Vol. 14 No. 2 December 2016, Page: 41-43


2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Selam Berhe ◽  
Naomi Amanuel

Abstract BackgroundChest pain is one of the common causes of visits to the emergency department. However, there is scarcity of studies on the causes and prevalence of this common symptom in Eritrea. This retrospective descriptive study was done to determine the prevalence, causes, clinical features, demographics, diagnostic modality and outcome of all patients with the chief complaint of chest pain who presented to the ED of Orotta national referral hospital in Eritrea and the association of demographic characters, diagnostic modality, and clinical features with final diagnosis and outcome.MethodsAfter securing approval by Ministry of Health ethical and research committee, Clinical Service Division and from Orotta National Referral Hospital in Asmara Eritrea, Records of patients 15 years and older presenting with the complaint of chest pain from 1st January 2018 through 31st December 2018 were assessed. Samples of patients who presented with chest pain and did ECG were also included. All data were collected in Microsoft excel software, cleaned and then analyzed using Statistical Package of Social Sciences (SPSS) software version 20.Results855 patients presented with chest pain to the emergency department, out of which 798 patient files were retrieved. Respiratory disease was the most common cause 441(51.6%), with pneumonia the most common diagnosis 415 (94.1%) followed by cardiac cause at 234( 27.4%).Out of the study population 253 study sample were taken with inclusion criteria of those who did an ECG. In these study samples the most common cause was cardiovascular 149(58.9%) out of which the most common illness was ST elevation myocardial infarction 60(23.7%). Out of 253 patients who did electrocardiogram 230(90.9%) were discharged and 23(9.1%) died. 6(26%) of those who died were smokers and 13(56.5%) of those who died were above 69 years old.ConclusionThe main cause of chest pain was found to be respiratory disease, followed by cardiovascular disease in the population study, which was reversed in the sample study (those who did ECG). Age and Smoking were found to affect the prognosis. There were highest mortality rates in STEMI and pulmonary embolism.


2020 ◽  
Vol 58 (227) ◽  
Author(s):  
Sameer Thapa ◽  
Bishwa Raj Dawadi ◽  
Anup Raj Upreti

Introduction: Acute poisoning is a major global public health problem contributing to one of theleading causes for a visit to an emergency department. This study aims to analyse the demographicand psychosocial characteristics of patients with acute poisoning presented to the emergencydepartment. Methods: This was a descriptive cross-sectional study conducted in a tertiary care hospital fromJune to December 2019 after obtaining ethical approval from Institutional review board (referencenumber. 041-075/0760). A convenient sampling method was applied. Epidemiological factors, typesof poison consumed, reason, motive, and place to take poison, time elapse in the presentation to thehospital were studied. Statistical analysis was done using statistical package for the social sciencesversion 20. Point estimate at 95% Confidence Interval was calculated along with frequency andproportion for binary data. Results: Out of 76 cases of acute poisoning, the organophosphorus poisoning was 18 (23.7%) followedby unknown 12 (15.8). Of total, 28 (36.8%) had quarrel before taking poison and 41 (53.9 %) hadintention to commit suicide. Sixty-seven (88.2%) took a poison at home. The average elapsed time tothe visit of the emergency department was 110±80 minutes.   Conclusions: The most common poisoning was organophosphorus with a suicide being the mostcommon intention. Quarrel was the most frequent reason to take poison and the home was the mostcommon place to take poison.


2021 ◽  
Vol 59 (244) ◽  
pp. 1267-1271
Author(s):  
Rajesh Kumar Shah ◽  
Sidarth Timsinha ◽  
Sanjib Kumar Sah

Introduction: Acute pesticide poisoning is a significant global public health issue that contributes to one of the leading causes of emergency department visits. There is no national data on the incidence of acute pesticide poisoning or the pesticides that cause deaths. The purpose of this study is to find the prevalence of pesticide poisoning among patients who presented to the emergency department with acute poisoning. Methods: This was a descriptive cross-sectional study undertaken in a tertiary care hospital from April to September 2021 among patients who presented to the emergency department with acute poisoning. Ethical clearance was obtained from (reference number: 123/2077-78). Convenient sampling was done. Sociodemographic factors, types of poison consumed, route of consumption, reason, motive, and place of poison intake, time elapse in the presentation to the hospital were studied along with psychological factors associated with poisoning. Statistical analysis was done using Statistical Package for the Social Sciences version 23. Point estimate at 90% Confidence Interval was calculated along with frequency and proportion for binary data. Results: Out of 85 cases studied, the prevalence of pesticide poisoning was 60 (70.58%) (61.28-79.88 at 90% Confidence Interval). Insecticides 41 (68.33%) was mainly responsible for poisoning with organophosphate compounds 33 (42.30%), being the commonest chemical constituent. Fifty-three (88.33 %) incidents occurred at home. Domestic disputes 26 (43.33%) were the main reason behind poison consumption and suicide 43 (71.66%) was the main motive. Conclusions: The prevalence of pesticide poisoning among all cases of poisoning presenting to the emergency department was slightly higher than studies done earlier in similar settings.


2018 ◽  
pp. 21-25

Evaluación nutricional e indicadores bioquimicos en jóvenes universitarios de la provincia de Sánchez Carrión, región La Libertad  Anabel Doris González-Siccha1, Maria Virginia González Blas1, Roger Antonio Rengifo Penadillos1, Carmen Rosa Silva Correa1, Víctor Eduardo Villarreal La Torre1, George David González González2 1 Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Universidad Nacional de Trujillo, Av. Juan Pablo II s/n, Trujillo – Perú 2 Universidad Particular Antenor Orrego, Av. América Sur 3145 Monserrate, Trujillo -Perú Recibido 15 de junio del 2018. Aceptado 21 de junio del 2018 DOI: https://doi.org/10.33017/ECIPeru2018.0003/ Resumen Objetivo: Determinar la evaluación nutricional e indicadores bioquímicos en jóvenes universitarios de la Provincia de Sánchez Carrión, Región La Libertad. Material y Método: Estudio descriptivo, de corte transversal y prospectivo. Participaron 29 jóvenes (26 mujeres y 03 varones), de 17-29 años de ambos sexos, habitantes de Huamachuco. Antes de su inclusión en el estudio, se requirió firma del consentimiento informado. Se determinaron las medidas antropométricas empleando variables: peso (Kg), talla (cm) e Índice de Masa Corporal. Se tomaron muestras de sangre por punción del pulpejo del dedo, se determinó hemoglobina (método Cianometahemoglobina) y hematocrito (microcentrifugación). Resultados: Los valores promedios fueron hemoglobina =15.99±1.74; hematocrito =47,73±3,48, IMC=23,66±3,78; edad 19.07±.2,45. Tuvieron IMC normal 72.42%, sobrepeso 24.14% y obesidad 3.45% que podría deberse a una sobrenutrición y dieta rica en carbohidratos. El 62.07% tuvo hemoglobina elevada con IMC normal (44.83%), sobrepeso (13.79%), obesidad (3.45 %), y el 31.03% con hemoglobina normal, sin significancia estadística (x2=0.684; P>0.05. El grupo de 17-20 años de sexo femenino tuvo 62.07% de Hb elevada (policitemia fisiológica), pero la edad no influye en la concentración de Hb. (x2=5.151; P>0.05) pero si el sexo (x2=5.59; P<0.05). El 68.96% presento hematocrito elevado con IMC normal (55.17%), sobrepeso (13.79%) y hematocrito normal (el 31.03%) sin significancia estadística (x2=3.192; P>0.05). Del 68.96% con hematocrito elevado, la mayoría según grupo etario fue de 17-20 años (62.07%), (x2=0.787; P>0.05) y según el sexo fue 58.62% mujeres y el 10.34% varones (x2=1.487;P>0.05). En las altas altitudes se estimula la eritropoyesis en compensación a la disminución parcial del oxígeno elevando la hemoglobina y hematocrito, denominado policitemia fisiológica. Se concluye que, el mayor porcentaje de jóvenes presentan valores elevados de hemoglobina y hematocrito con IMC normal debido a las altas altitudes que estimulan la eritropoyesis. Descriptores: altas altitudes, hemoglobina, hematocrito, policitemia, IMC. Abstract Objective: To determine the nutritional evaluation and biochemical indicators in university students of the Province of Sánchez Carrión, La Libertad Region. Material and Method: Descriptive, cross-sectional study and  prospective. Participants 29 young people (26 women and 03 men), 17-29 years of both sexes, inhabitants of  Huamachuco. Prior to being included in the study, signed informed consent was required. It was determined the anthropometric measures using variables: weight (Kg), height (cm) and mass index bodily. Blood samples were taken by puncture of the finger pulp, hemoglobin was determined (method Cyanomethamoglobin) and   hematocrit (microcentrifugation). Results: The average values ​​were hemoglobin = 15.99 ± 1.74; hematocrit = 47.73 ± 3.48, BMI = 23.66 ± 3.78; age 19.07 ± .2.45. They had normal BMI 72.42%, overweight 24.14% and  obesity 3.45% that could be due to overnutrition and diet rich in carbohydrates 62.07% had high hemoglobin with normal BMI (44.83%), overweight (13.79%), obesity  (3.45%), and 31.03% with normal hemoglobin,  without statistical significance (x2 = 0.684, P> 0.05, the group of 17-20 years of female sex had 62.07% high Hb (physiological polycythemia), but age does not influence the  Hb concentration. (x2 = 5.151; P> 0.05) but if the sex (x2 = 5.59; P <0.05). 68.96% presented hematocrit  elevated with normal BMI (55.17%), overweight (13.79%) and normal hematocrit (31.03%) without significance statistics (x2 = 3.192; P> 0.05). Of 68.96% with elevated hematocrit, the majority according to age group was 17-20 years (62.07%), (x2 = 0.787, P> 0.05) and according to sex was 58.62% women and 10.34% males  (x2 = 1.487; P> 0.05). At high altitudes erythropoiesis is stimulated in compensation for the partial decrease of oxygen by elevating hemoglobin and hematocrit, called physiological polycythemia. It is concluded that, higher percentage of young people have high hemoglobin and hematocrit values ​​with normal BMI due to at high altitudes that stimulate erythropoiesis. Key words: high altitudes, hemoglobin, hematocrit, polycythemia, BMI, nutritional status.


2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 3-11
Author(s):  
Senchhema Limbu ◽  
Parajeeta Dikshit ◽  
Manisha Malla ◽  
Lokesh Verma ◽  
Anju Khapung

 Introduction: Pediatric dental management is difficult in its own way which was even more challenging during COVID-19 outbreak and lockdown period. Constrained dental providing clinics and hospitals severely compromised the pediatric dental needs and services. Objective: The aim of this study was to describe pattern of dental emergencies encountered and services provided to the pediatric patients visiting a dental hospital during the first lockdown period in Kathmandu, Nepal. Methods: A cross sectional study was done from 24 March 2020 to 21 July 2020 among the pediatric patients who visited dental hospital during lockdown. Data was collected from questionnaire and dental case history sheet, and statistically analyzed in Statistical Package of Social Sciences (SPSS) version 20. Results: Of the total 172 pediatric patients of mean age 8.3± 2.60 years, majority were males (59.3%) and of 6-12 age group (76.2%). Major complain was mobile/retained teeth (38.4%) and most common diagnosis was exfoliating mobility (23.3%). According to American Dental Association (ADA, 2020) guidelines, urgent dental care (46.5%) followed by non-emergency dental care (43.6%) were mostly found. The predominant procedures were emergency (68.6%) and least was elective (9.3%) and treatment given to majority was extraction (51.8%).There was a statistically significant association between age group and pediatric dental care (ADA). Conclusions: The findings of this study regarding dental emergency encountered and definitive treatment received even during pandemic lockdown can be helpful in finding out how dental care was provided and can be applicable in similar future pandemics.


2021 ◽  
pp. 19-22
Author(s):  
Soumya Gayen ◽  
Bapan Kabiraj ◽  
Jadab Kumar Jana ◽  
Syama Prasad Sit

BACKGROUND: Acute poisoning, a common, yet an important preventable cause of morbidity and mortality in children, is a paediatric emergency globally, responsible for 0.33% to 7.6% of the total paediatric admissions among various hospitals of India. This study was done to assess the changing trends, in the pattern and outcome of poisoning among 1-12 years children. METHODS: This is an institution-based descriptive epidemiological study with cross-sectional design that includes a hundred children of one to twelve years age, conducted over a period of one and half years in the paediatric department of a tertiary care hospital in India. RESULTS: In the study period, majority of the patients out of 100 admitted, were male (65%).Most of those (68%) belonged to the 1-3 years age group. The share of hydrocarbon poisoning (46%) was highest with 26 cases of Kerosene ingestion being the most in it. Important presenting complaints were vomiting, pain abdomen, tachypnoea, and pneumonitis. Only 1 patient died during the course, the cause of which remained unknown. CONCLUSION: The pattern and outcome of acute poisoning in children was quite similar when compared to other studies from different hospitals in India. Survival rates have been increasing due to ongoing improvement in medical infrastructure, which one hopes, shall keep improving along with focus on preventive measures at community levels.


2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Leelawadee Techasatian ◽  
Pariwat Phungoen ◽  
Jitjira Chaiyarit ◽  
Rattapon Uppala

Abstract Background Urticaria is common in pediatric population and is caused by various etiologies which usually differ among different age groups. The different etiologies require different management strategies. Thus, understanding detailed of the etiologies of urticaria in children would help pediatricians to perform appropriate initial treatment. Methods A cross-sectional epidemiological study of all patients aged under 18-year-old with the diagnosis of urticaria from any causes entered in the emergency department during January 1st, 2016 to December 31st, 2019 by collecting the data from the Health Object Program®, an authorized electronic medical records program, at the Srinagarind Hospital, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Thailand. Results There were total of 515 urticaria patients aged under 18 years old at the emergency department. The ages of patients ranged from 8 months to 18 years with a median age of 7 years (IQR 3.17–12.08). The majority of the patients were in the preschool-aged group (40.97%), followed by the school-aged (28.16%), adolescent (22.14%), and infant (8.74%). Six major etiologic categories were identified in the present study. The most common cause of urticaria was infection (51.26%), followed by idiopathic urticaria (34.37%), inhalants (6.99%), drugs (4.08%), foods (2.52%), and insect stings (0.78%). Conclusions Having underlying allergic diseases had a strong association with all identified causes of urticaria in the study population, of which, food and inhalation etiologies had a significant difference when compared to the other identified causes. The present study has found that infection was the most common cause of acute urticaria in children. This etiology (infection-induced urticaria) usually presents concurrent with fever, however, non-febrile symptoms were also presented. Therefore, in the pediatric population, pediatricians should always look for infection as the cause of urticaria even in patients without pyrexia.


2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Torgeir Sørensen ◽  
Knut Hestad ◽  
Ellen Karine Grov

Health-promoting initiatives incorporating meaning-making to enhance the well-being of people in late adulthood are important, particularly as the number of older people is increasing. Resilience and sources of meaning may be related to individuals’ experience of meaningfulness and satisfaction with life. However, few studies have investigated these relations among people in late adulthood. In the present exploratory study, we asked the following questions: What are the differences regarding scores on sources of meaning, resilience, meaningfulness, and satisfaction between people in late adulthood (≥65) and other adults (18–64)? What is the association between sources of meaning and meaningfulness, and between resilience and meaningfulness? What is the association between sources of meaning and satisfaction with life, and between resilience and satisfaction with life? A cross-sectional design was used. A population-based sample of 925 participants (aged 18–91 years) was recruited from the National Population Register in Norway. Of these, 219 participants were 65 years old and older (mean age 73 years). Additionally, sub-analyses for the age-group ≥ 75 (N = 71) were performed. Independent-samples t-tests, chi-square tests, one-way ANOVA, and linear regressions adjusted for demographics, anxiety, and depression were performed utilizing standardized questionnaires. It was found that people in late adulthood (≥65 years) scored significantly higher on meaningfulness compared to younger adults (18–64). Of the sources of meaning, vertical self-transcendence, including explicit religiosity and spirituality, had the strongest relation to meaningfulness for people in late adulthood, after adjusting for demographics, anxiety, and depression. For the same group, accomplishment, including generativity and unselfish engagement with the surroundings and future generations, also stood out as a prominent source of meaning when related to meaningfulness. No sources of meaning were associated with satisfaction with life in the older group. No associations between resilience and meaningfulness, nor between resilience and satisfaction with life, were found among people in late adulthood. However, positive associations were found between resilience and meaningfulness, as well as between resilience and satisfaction with life, in the 18–64 age group. Longitudinal research and interventional studies are needed to confirm whether the designated sources contribute to meaningfulness in a Norwegian context. The implications of the findings are discussed.


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