scholarly journals Gonococcal infections: The trends of antimicrobial susceptibility of Neisseria gonorrhoeae in Western Nepal

2012 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 74-78 ◽  
Author(s):  
DR Bhatta ◽  
S Gokhale ◽  
MT Ansari ◽  
HK Tiwari ◽  
A Gaur ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Neisseria Gonorrhoeae ◽  
Sex Workers ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Resistance Pattern ◽  
High Risk Population ◽  
Important Public Health Problem ◽  
Clinical Specimens ◽  
Chocolate Agar ◽  
Sexually Transmitted

Background: Gonorrhea is caused by Neisseria gonorrhoeae, is an important public health problem and is the second most common reportable sexually transmitted bacterial infection. Present study was conducted to determine the antimicrobial resistance pattern of Neisseria gonorrhoeae isolates from various clinical specimens. Methods: This is a hospital based retrospective study conducted at Manipal Teaching Hospital, Pokhara, Nepal. Various clinical specimens (urethral, cervical and conjunctival discharges) were collected from the suspected cases of gonococcal infections between January 2004 to December 2010. Specimens were subjected to Gram stain and culture on chocolate agar. Antibiotic susceptibility testing was performed on chocolate agar by Kirby Bauer’s disc diffusion method. Results: A total of 119 patients were tested for gonococcal infections. Forty-eight patients were diagnosed as having gonococcal infections, of which 40 cases were culture positive. Penicillin resistance was seen in 27 (67%) cases while all isolates were sensitive to ceftriaxone. Conclusion: Neisseria gonorrhoeae isolates are becoming increasingly resistant to antibiotics like penicillin, ciprofloxacin and tetracycline. Therefore, continuous surveillance of antibiotic resistance pattern is required in order to start empirical antibiotic therapy in high risk population like commercial sex workers. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/njms.v1i2.6603 Nepal Journal of Medical Sciences. 2012;1(2): 74-78

scholarly journals IDENTIFIKASI DAN UJI SENSITIVITAS BAKTERI Neisseria gonorrhoeae TERHADAP ANTIBIOTIK SEFIKSIM PADA PEKERJA SEKS KOMERSIAL DI PUSKESMAS II DENPASAR SELATAN

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-11
Author(s):  
Burhannuddin Burhannuddin
Keyword(s):  
Neisseria Gonorrhoeae ◽  
Sex Workers ◽  
Transmitted Disease ◽  
Vaginal Swab ◽  
Sensitivity Test ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Sexually Transmitted ◽  
Gram Staining ◽  
Oxidase Test ◽  
Cultured Bacteria

Gonorrhea is a sexually transmitted disease caused by Neisseria gonorrhoeae. Gonorrhea infection varies greatly in the community, especially in sexually active women. Infection cases in women are often asymptomatic, that can causes complication can easily occur. The aims of this study are to identify and determine sensitivity of Neisseria gonorrhoeae bacteria against cefixime antibiotics. This study was using a descriptive method and used 30 samples. Neisseria gonorrhoeae was isolatd from the vaginal swab sample of Commercial Sex Workers at Puskesmas II Denpasar Selatan. The cultured bacteria on Thayer Martin media were then identified by gram staining, oxidase test, and catalase test. Neisseria gonorrhoeae sensitivity test against cefixime was performed by disc diffusion method. The results of identification showed that 6 (20 %) of 30 samples were Neisseria gonorrhoeae bacteria with cell characteristics in the form of diplococcus, gram-negative, oxidase and catalase positive. The results of the sensitivity test showed that all isolats of Neisseria gonorrhoeae were resistant to cefixime 

scholarly journals ANTIBIOGRAM PROFILE AND BIOFILM FORMING POTENTIAL OF PSEUDOMONAS SPECIES ISOLATED FROM VARIOUS CLINICAL SPECIMENS

2018 ◽  
Vol 11 (10) ◽  
pp. 150
Author(s):  
Jamsheera Cp ◽  
Ethel Suman
Keyword(s):  
Biofilm Formation ◽  
Susceptibility Testing ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Resistance Pattern ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Clinical Specimens ◽  
Medical College ◽  
Biofilm Production ◽  
Pseudomonas Species ◽  
Chi Square Test

Objective: The present study aimed at finding the resistance pattern of Pseudomonas aeruginosa and other Pseudomonas species isolated from various clinical specimens in the laboratory.Methods: A total of 150 isolates of different species of Pseudomonas obtained from various clinical specimens processed at the Microbiology laboratory of Kasturba Medical College, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, were taken for this study. Antibiotic susceptibility testing was performed by Kirby-Bauer disc diffusion method and interpreted according to the CLSI guidelines. Biofilm assay was performed by modified O’Toole and Kolter method. The results were analyzed using SPSS 17.0 and Student’s unpaired t-test, Kruskal–Wallis, Mann–Whitney, ANOVA, and Chi-square test. p<0.05 was considered statistically significant.Results: Increased resistance was observed by P. aeruginosa to cefotaxime, cotrimoxazole, levofloxacin, ofloxacin, and ticarcillin clavulanate. There was also a good correlation between antibiotic resistance to aztreonam, netilmicin, and ceftazidime and biofilm production. Results of the present study, therefore, demonstrated the occurrence of resistance to various antipseudomonal agents among the biofilm-producing P. aeruginosa isolates.Conclusion: The present study may help in assessing the seriousness of drug resistance caused by biofilm formation in P. aeruginosa and devise strategies through antibiotic policies to minimize such problems.

scholarly journals Estimating the cost and effectiveness of different STI management strategies for sex workers in Madagascar

2002 ◽  
Author(s):  
Keyword(s):  
Sex Workers ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Assessment Tool ◽  
Management Strategies ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Sexually Transmitted ◽  
Medical Visits ◽  
Syndromic Approach ◽  
The Cost

In Madagascar, the prevalence of sexually transmitted infections (STIs) is a serious public health problem, particularly among sex workers. A Horizons study conducted in 2000 found approximately two-thirds of female sex workers had an STI, although few were infected with HIV. Since the link between STIs and transmission of HIV has been well established, affordable strategies to manage STIs among sex workers need to be developed. Study investigators also assessed STI management practices in health facilities in two urban areas of Madagascar. Health practitioners were using a syndromic approach, which may be appropriate for managing certain STIs in the general population but is less appropriate for sex workers who may have multiple, often asymptomatic infections. Diagnosing STIs with laboratory tests would make medical visits prohibitively expensive. Researchers developed a risk profile for various STIs based on characteristics of women that present with each STI, such as age, number of partners, symptoms. The investigators hypothesized that a risk assessment tool using these profiles would result in more appropriate and effective STI treatment for sex workers. This summary presents a cost-effectiveness analysis of different strategies to manage STIs among sex workers in Madagascar.

scholarly journals Chlamydia trachomatis detection in HIV infected patients using polymerase chain reaction

2013 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 12-16
Author(s):  
A Shrestha ◽  
N Adhikari ◽  
Y Shah ◽  
P Poudel ◽  
B Acharya ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Polymerase Chain Reaction ◽  
Chlamydia Trachomatis ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Chlamydia Infection ◽  
Hiv Positive ◽  
Chain Reaction ◽  
Hiv Patients ◽  
Important Public Health Problem ◽  
Sexually Transmitted ◽  
Polymerase Chain

Introduction: Chlamydia trachomatis is a sexually transmitted organism and causes important public health problem in the sexually active age group. Limited studies are found regarding the prevalence of C. trachomatis in Nepal. Moreover, currently there are no any study in Nepal reporting the association of chlamydia and HIV infection. This study attempts to determine the burden of chlamydia on HIV positive patients. Materials and Methods: A total of 117 HIV positive patients visiting a HIV clinic in Kathmandu, were screened for chlamydia infection. For this, urine samples were collected and analyzed using the Polymerase Chain Reaction Technique (PCR). Results: C. trachomatis was detected in 4.2% of the total 117 HIV patients. Out of positive cases 60% were males and 40% were females. However, chlamydia was found more prevalent among females (6.8%) than males (3.4%). Eighty percent of positive cases were asymptomatic. Conclusions: Although, the prevalence of chlamydia infection was found less HIV patients, most of those cases were asymptomatic. Therefore, routine checkup is recommended for all suspected cases for timely management of the disease. DOI: http://doi.dx.org/10.3126/ijim.v2i1.8003 Int J Infect Microbiol 2013;2(1):12-16

scholarly journals Management of a Case of Peritonitis Due to Neisseria gonorrhoeae Infection Following Pelvic Inflammatory Disease (PID)

Antibiotics ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 193 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maria A. De Francesco ◽  
Paola Stefanelli ◽  
Anna Carannante ◽  
Silvia Corbellini ◽  
Cinzia Giagulli ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Neisseria Gonorrhoeae ◽  
Pelvic Inflammatory Disease ◽  
Inflammatory Disease ◽  
Acute Abdominal Pain ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Sexually Active ◽  
Fallopian Tubes ◽  
Late Sequelae ◽  
Important Public Health Problem ◽  
Serious Infection

Pelvic inflammatory disease (PID), a serious infection in sexually active women, is one of the reasons for which females seek care in emergency departments and therefore represents an important public health problem. PID is the result of an endocervical infection with different microorganisms, which then ascend to the endometrium and fallopian tubes. Symptoms of PID may be mild and aspecific, making its diagnosis difficult. However, this clinical condition requires effective antibiotic treatment to reduce incidence of complications and late sequelae. We describe here a case of peritonitis as a complication of pelvic inflammatory disease (PID) due to Neisseria gonorrhoeae infection in a 49-year-old woman who presented at the Emergency Department with acute abdominal pain.

scholarly journals Multidrug Resistant Enteric Bacterial Pathogens in a Psychiatric Hospital in Ghana: Implications for Control of Nosocomial Infections

2017 ◽  
Vol 2017 ◽  
pp. 1-6 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kwabena O. Duedu ◽  
George Offei ◽  
Francis S. Codjoe ◽  
Eric S. Donkor
Keyword(s):  
Antibiotic Resistance ◽  
Multidrug Resistance ◽  
Psychiatric Hospital ◽  
Nosocomial Infections ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Enteric Bacteria ◽  
Multidrug Resistant ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Important Public Health Problem ◽  
Microbiological Methods

Enteric bacteria are commonly implicated in hospital-acquired or nosocomial infections. In Ghana, these infections constitute an important public health problem but little is known about their contribution to antibiotic resistance. The aim of the study was to determine the extent and pattern of antibiotic resistance of enteric bacteria isolated from patients and environmental sources at the Accra Psychiatric Hospital. A total of 265 samples were collected from the study site including 142 stool and 82 urine samples from patients, 7 swab samples of door handle, and 3 samples of drinking water. Enteric bacteria were isolated using standard microbiological methods. Antibiograms of the isolates were determined using the disc diffusion method. Overall, 232 enteric bacteria were isolated. Escherichia coli was the most common (38.3%), followed by Proteus (19.8%), Klebsiella (17.7%), Citrobacter (14.7%), Morganella (8.2%), and Pseudomonas (1.3%). All isolates were resistant to ampicillin but sensitive to cefotaxime. The resistance ranged from 15.5% to 84.5%. Multidrug resistance was most prevalent (100%) among isolates of Proteus and Morganella and least prevalent among isolates of Pseudomonas (33.3%). Multidrug resistance among enteric bacteria at the study hospital is high and hence there is a need for screening before therapy to ensure prudent use of antibiotics.

scholarly journals The Sustainability Approach to Treatment of DR-TB Patients through Community Social Organization (Aisyiyah)

2020 ◽  
Vol 14 (4) ◽  
pp. 2477-2481
Author(s):  
Tutik Kusmiati ◽  
Catur Agustiyanto ◽  
Vicky Reinold Rampengan ◽  
Soedarsono
Keyword(s):  
Social Organization ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Multidrug Resistant ◽  
Drop Out ◽  
Resistance Pattern ◽  
Important Public Health Problem ◽  
Standard Regimen ◽  
Resistant Tuberculosis ◽  
Mdr Tb ◽  
Long Time

Multidrug-resistant tuberculosis (MDR-TB) is currently an important public health problem in the world. Treatment of MDR-TB patients takes a long time, 20-24 months in standard regimen or 9-11 months in shorter regimen. Long treatment duration and drug toxicities which higher than drug-sensitive TB can cause drop out of treatment. Aisyiyah is a community social organization which provide assistance to TB patients in order to complete the treatment within specified time period. This study aimed to compare the outcome of DR-TB patients assisted by Aisyiyah and those who did not. A retrospective study was conducted Dr. Soetomo General Academic Hospital, Surabaya, Indonesia. Data was taken from DR-TB patients medical record since October 2014 until December 2017. There were 434 MDR-TB patients in the period of October 2014 to December 2017, with 75 patients (17.28%) received assistance from Aisyiyah. The average age was 44.38 ± 12.28 years old. Comparison between those who were assisted and not, from the male sex (49.3% vs 60.2%), women (50.7% vs 39.8%); based on resistance pattern: (5.3% vs 10.3%) from MDR TB, (85.3% vs 75.5%) from RR, (2.7% vs 8.1%) from XDR; Outcome obtained: Cure (1.6% vs 15.0%; p=0,031), Treatment completion (0.0% vs 0.5%; p=0,517), Default (2.8% vs 28.3%; p=0,002); Failed (0.2% vs 1.6%; p=0,718); Death (1.6% vs 7.9%; p=0,965). There were significant correlations between cure and default outcome in DR-TB patients accompanied by Aisyiyah compared to those not accompanied.

scholarly journals Microbiological profile of patients attending sexually transmitted infection/reproductive tract infection clinic in a tertiary care hospital

2017 ◽  
Vol 5 (8) ◽  
pp. 3649
Author(s):  
Sonal Prakash Chavan ◽  
Sharmila Sanjay Raut ◽  
Pragati Sharma ◽  
Ravindra Kashinath Khadse
Keyword(s):  
Reproductive Tract ◽  
Tertiary Care ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Contact Tracing ◽  
Care Hospital ◽  
Important Public Health Problem ◽  
Transmitted Infection ◽  
Sexually Transmitted ◽  
Reproductive Tract Infection ◽  
Tract Infections

Background: Sexually transmitted infections (STIs)/reproductive tract infections (RTIs) are an important public health problem worldwide. Growing spread of RTIs/STIs are an augmenting factor for HIV transmission. Due to lack of adequate laboratory infrastructure, there is limited data. Hence information regarding STIs lies essentially on syndromic basis.Methods: This was an observational, cross-sectional study carried from June 2016 to September 2016 with sample size of 300 patients attending STI/RTI clinic. Various samples were collected like scrapings, exudates and swabs from ulcerative lesions for microscopy. Urethral, vaginal and cervical swabs for wet mount, gram stain and culture. Blood sample were collected for RPR, TPHA, ELISA HSV II, HIV, HBsAg. Processing and identification of organism as per NACO guidelines.Results: Out of total 300 cases, 255 (85%) are females and 45 (15%) are males. Maximum cases are from 25-44 years age group. Genital discharge syndrome is more common in females while genital ulcerative syndrome more in males. Coinfection with HIV is found in 17% cases. Herpes genitals (20%) is the most common causative agent for ulcerative STIs in males. VDS is the most common syndrome in Females. Candida (27.8%), G. vaginalis (12.2%) and T. vaginalis (3.5%).Conclusions: Viral and fungal STIs are more common than bacterial STIs. Targeted intervention and contact tracing as done for HIV should be effectively emphasised for STI/RTI also. Syndromic approach should be supplemented by Laboratory diagnosis for more effective outcome.

scholarly journals The Epidemiological Impact of STIs among General and Vulnerable Populations of the Amazon Region of Brazil: 30 Years of Surveillance

Viruses ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (5) ◽  
pp. 855
Author(s):  
Luiz Fernando Almeida Machado ◽  
Ricardo Roberto de Souza Fonseca ◽  
Maria Alice Freitas Queiroz Aldemir Branco Oliveira-Filho ◽  
Izaura Maria Vieira Cayres-Vallinoto ◽  
Antonio Carlos Rosário Vallinoto ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sex Workers ◽  
Illicit Drugs ◽  
Control Strategies ◽  
Treponema Pallidum ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Indigenous Communities ◽  
Geographic Region ◽  
Northern Region ◽  
Vulnerable Groups ◽  
Sexually Transmitted

Sexually transmitted infections (STIs) represent a worldwide public health problem and, although many of them are curable, they continue to be neglected, especially in areas with a low human development index, such as in the northern region of Brazil. This review describes the results of 30 years of studies at the Virus Laboratory at the Federal University of Pará, including the prevalence and molecular epidemiology of HIV-1, HTLV-1/2, HPV, HBV, Treponema pallidum and Chlamydia trachomatis among urban and non-urban populations, and also in vulnerable groups in the Brazilian Amazon. Control strategies and challenges in preventing STIs are discussed considering this immense geographic region, where essential health services are unable to reach the entire population, especially the most vulnerable, such as female sex workers, people who use illicit drugs, remnants of quilombolos and indigenous communities.

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