scholarly journals Study on Major Pesticides and Fertilizers used in Nepal

1970 ◽  
Vol 6 (6) ◽  
pp. 76-80 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jasmine Diwakar ◽  
Tista Prasai ◽  
Shankar Raj Pant ◽  
Bina Laxmi Jayana
Keyword(s):  
Seed Treatment ◽  
Ammonium Phosphate ◽  
Public Institution ◽  
Private Institutions ◽  
Scientific World ◽  
Single Super Phosphate ◽  
The Government ◽  
Trade Names ◽  
Agriculture Fertilizer ◽  
Agricultural Input

The data of Nepal Government shows that nine major pesticides groups with seven subgroups of Insecticides were imported from the year 1997 to 2003. The pesticide use amounts to 142 g/ha which is low compared to other counties. The highest pesticides quantity imported & quantity consumed from the 2056/57 (1999) to 2060/061(2003) were fungicides, bactericides, acaricides & seed treatment. group. For the year 2056/57 (1999) & 2057/58(2000), no import & consumption of biopesticides were done but from the year 2058/59(2001) to 2060/061(2003) no import & consumption of plant regulators was done. The various types of pesticides with 306 trade names and 71 technical names are registered / enlisted and used in Nepal which includes Insecticides, Fungicides, Herbicides, Rodenticides, Acaricides and Others. Moreover, twelve types of pesticides are band in Nepal for its import and use. Similarly, the demand of fertilizers were increased from 1997/98 to 2001/02 and then decreased dramatically with high amount from 2001/02 to 2002/03 and since then again it again increased up to 204/05. This trend is same for Urea and Diammonium Phoshphate whereas Murate of Potash is increasing from 1997/98 to 2004/04. Seven types of fertilizers are being used in Nepal viz. Urea, Diammonium Phosphate (DAP), Murate of Potash (MOP), Ammonium Sulphate (AS), Single Super Phosphate (SSP), Ammonium Phosphate Sulphate (APS) and NPK. These are imported by Public institution like Agricultural Input Corporation (AIC) , Private Institutions and also donated/granted by the Government of Japan called as 2KR (Two Kenny Round). The import of fertilizers shows irregular trend. The import of fertilizers was highest in 1998/99 which amounted to 219038 metric ton and since then it decreased although there showed fluctuations. The distribution of fertilizers was increase from 1997/98 and reached highest in the year 2002/03 and since then it started decreasing. Similarly, the fertilizer consumption was highest in the year 1994/95 which was 30.4kg/ha which declined since then and showed fluctuation. The fertilizer consumption is regularly decreasing in the recent years from the year 2002/03. Key words: Agriculture; Fertilizer; Insecticide; Pest and pesticide.   DOI: 10.3126/sw.v6i6.2638 Scientific World, Vol. 6, No. 6, July 2008 76-80

Contemporary Trends in PSW Teaching: Challenges and Opportunity to Expand

2018 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 60
Author(s):  
Kamlesh Kumar Sahu
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Social Work ◽  
Time Course ◽  
Full Time ◽  
Private Institutions ◽  
Centre Of Excellence ◽  
Part Time ◽  
The Government ◽  
National Mental Health ◽  
Psychiatric Social Work

Psychiatric Social Work teaching has completed seven decades in India which was started with master course in medical and psychiatric social work at Tata Institute of Social Sciences, Mumbai in 1948 followed by various schools of social work across the country but unfortunately even after two year full time or part time course they are not counted as a mental health professional; still they need two more years of specialized training in mental health as Master of Philosophy in Psychiatric Social Work (M.Phil. PSW) which was offered in just a few institutions. Recently the Government of India formulated manpower development schemes under the national mental health programme to address the shortage of men power in mental health. Under this scheme, 25 centre of excellence in mental health are already stabilised and various post graduate departments were upgraded and M.Phil. PSW course is started or will be started. This figure is in raise in Government intuitions and few private institutions also. The prominence of social work in mental health is expected to enhance by this effort as highly trained social workers will be available to practice in the mental health field but there are some challenges to overcome to get the maximum outcome from this opportunity to expand.    Keywords:Psychiatric social work, mental health, men power development, India  Â

scholarly journals Analysis of dynamics of the medcine list in the government program «available medicines» for treatment of bronchial asthma

2019 ◽  
pp. 12-20
Author(s):  
I. A. Kostiuk
Keyword(s):  
Bronchial Asthma ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Important Place ◽  
Government Program ◽  
Regulatory Processes ◽  
The Government ◽  
Analysis Of Dynamics ◽  
Trade Names ◽  
Additional Payment ◽  
The Cost

The problem of accessibility for socially significant goods for the population, among which the most important place occupy medicines in Ukraine, is very acute today. In this regard, the need for specific state interference through regulatory processes becomes relevant. One of the priority directions for increasing the availability of medicines is the Government of Ukraine has recognized reimbursement. The mechanism of full or partial payment of the cost of medicines used to counteract most socially significant diseases. One of these diseases is bronchial asthma (BA), since it affects all age groups of the population, and with ineffective control of the disease, the quality of life of patients is significantly reduced. The aim of the work is to study the range of medicines for the treatment of BA, included in the Government program «Accessible medicines» for the period 2017–2019 years. From April 1, 2017 to July 1, 2019, the Ministry of Health of Ukraine issued five orders, which approved the Register of medicines, the cost of which is subject to reimbursement. In the study analyzed all editions of the Register and found that with each update, the number of trade names (TN) of the medicines increased: for the treatment of cardiovascular diseases – by 56%, diabetes – by 92%, and BA – by 133%. During the 2017–2019 years, the number of international non-proprietary names (INNs) for the treatment of BA also increased: 3 times Beclomethasone, Budesonide 3.5 times, and Salbutamol is almost 2 times. Also, found that 87% of TN are imported and only 13% – domestic. Total of medicines for the treatment of asthma, the value of which is refundable imports 6 countries, the main segment of which is formed by Spain (31%) and Sweden (23%). The analysis of the size and amount of rejection and the amount of the surcharge for packaging allows us to establish that the percentage of medicines without an additional payment is approximately up to 50%. At 75% of the medicines for the treatment of BA, the amount of packing surcharge with each edition of the Register of medicines subject to reimbursement was increased by 2 medicines (Beckhazon-eco 100 mcg/dose and 250 mcg/dose) and 1 medicine (Budesonide-inteli 200 mcg/dose) – decreased 1 medicine (Budesonide-inteli 200 mcg/dose) subject to partial compensation only once. The conducted studies allow us to conclude that there is a need to improve the assortment policy in order to provide the pharmaceutical market with the available and necessary domestic medicines, in accordance with the needs of the population and the standards for the treatment of BA.

Who Said What to Whom

2021 ◽  
pp. 246-255
Author(s):  
Cass R. Sunstein
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Private Institutions ◽  
Costs And Benefits ◽  
Public And Private ◽  
Daily Lives ◽  
The Public ◽  
Its Analysis ◽  
Drone Strikes ◽  
The Government

It is important to distinguish between two kinds of transparency. The government can be transparent about its “inputs”: about who, within government, said what to whom, and when, and why. The government can also be transparent about its “outputs”: its regulations and its policies, its findings about air and water quality, or its analysis of the costs and benefits of drone strikes. The argument for output transparency is often very strong, because members of the public can receive information that can help them in their daily lives and because output transparency can improve the performance of both public and private institutions. The argument for input transparency is different and often weaker, because the benefits of disclosure can be low and the costs can be high. It is challenging to make general pronouncements about input transparency and the appropriate evaluation of leaks and leakers without making a contestable judgment about whether a particular government is well-functioning and capable of self-correction.

scholarly journals Innovative Infrastructure Fund to Ensure the Financial Sustainability of PPP Projects: The Case of Chile

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (23) ◽  
pp. 9965
Author(s):  
Patricio Mansilla ◽  
José Manuel Vassallo
Keyword(s):  
Good Governance ◽  
Economic Value ◽  
Cash Flows ◽  
Public Institution ◽  
Financial Sustainability ◽  
New Public ◽  
The Government ◽  
Economic Foundations ◽  
Improve Planning ◽  
New Infrastructure

Recently, the Chilean government created the Chilean Infrastructure Fund (CIF) that will allow taking advantage of the value of existing infrastructure assets. The fund will enable the government to finance new infrastructure projects with the resources obtained from new concessionaires’ payments to the government for the value of retendering existing public-private partnership (PPP) projects. The purpose of this paper is to evaluate the contribution that this new public institution will bring to the financial sustainability of infrastructure in Chile, the opportunities and challenges for its implementation, and its economic value. The research has a qualitative and quantitative approach. Based on the understanding of the new concept of asset recycling, the application of economic foundations, and financial methodologies such as discounted cash flows and real options, the research assessed the institutional and economic value of the new Chilean Infrastructure Fund. The main findings are that the new Chilean Infrastructure Fund will create public value and public wealth since it will foster good governance, streamline the concession system, accelerate the implementation of sustainable PPP projects, and improve planning schemes among others. Other countries could follow this experience, promoting infrastructure funds to improve governance and accelerate the implementation of sustainable PPP projects.

scholarly journals Sustainable Development for Public Administration: Effective Management Administrative System of the 21st CenturyPublic Administration

2016 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 1
Author(s):  
Caroline Covell
Keyword(s):  
Management Practice ◽  
Middle Level ◽  
Public Institution ◽  
Divided Government ◽  
Administrative System ◽  
Modern Management ◽  
Media Presentation ◽  
Good Management Practice ◽  
The Government ◽  
Management Theories

Reinventing the government was big in the early 1980s; post media presentation that echoed how inefficient the government has been. Ever since, the government went through different reorganization processes through the application of different modern management theories, endorsed by the politicians, such as the Hawthorne theory, the Gantt Theory, Mintzberg Management Theory, Theory X and Y, and the Agency Theory – all promise efficient government. They were implemented as a trial and error – one fails try another.   This management system separates the top management and bottom level management, known also as an operational management. This system was introduced in a fanfare but it represents a hollow system. Overtime, all these modern management theories, which Ghoshal argued as bad theories, have destroyed good management practice of a public institution. Its management and administrative system are broken, the institution becomes very dysfunctional, and it causes a badly divided government. This damaged system makes it easy for theft, fraud, corruption, bribery, grafts, sabotage, espionage, and all kinds of illegal practices. At the same time, the change causes the used to be a professional public institution to become an amateur corporation that is individually managed, personally ruled, and undemocratic governance.Leadership does not exist in this system, neither does the middle level management, and it also suffers from severe democratic deficits. This paper discusses the theoretical foundation of the bureaucracy and its analysis, andusing holistic and phenomenological approaches, this theory can be applied in the management administrative system of government, and this dysfunctionality and the broken system can be remedied practically.

DRUNKENNESS AS A REASON FOR TERMINATING EMPLOYMENT RELATIONSHIP AND STATE SERVICE EMPLOYMENT RELATIONSHIP

2016 ◽  
Vol 1 (74) ◽  
pp. 64
Author(s):  
Kitija Bite
Keyword(s):  
Public Service ◽  
Alcohol Intoxication ◽  
Toxic Substance ◽  
The State ◽  
Employment Relationship ◽  
Public Institution ◽  
Employment Relationships ◽  
Regulatory Approach ◽  
The Government ◽  
Service Employment

The author in the article researches alcohol as one of the reasons to terminate public service employment relationships at the State Police and employment relationships. The legislation provides different regulatory approach to alcohol intoxication as a reason for terminating the employment relationships and the legal application of this reason. In practice, detecting of alcohol intoxication and denunciation of employment relationship or retiring from the public service is problematic. The government regulations in Latvia define the inspection procedure of the influence of alcohol, narcotic, psychotropic or toxic substance, however, there is no legislative act defining the term ‘alcohol intoxication’, while it is essential in employment relationships. There are several issues that emerge from the case-law: firstly, the employer must legally differentiate alcohol intoxication from alcohol influence in order to be able to terminate the employment; secondly, the employer must legally/judicially detect and record the presence of alcohol. The author suggests to define the state of ‘alcohol intoxication’ as well as make alterations in the Labour Law giving the liberty to the employer to terminate the employment relationship in case of alcohol influence. A Chief of Public Institution should be appointed to develop An Internal Regulations Act in order to detect alcohol intoxication or influence. Such alterations in Law would allow the employer to apply disciplinary penalty or denunciation in the cases of alcohol intoxication, and would clearly define the inspection procedure for the employees upon suspicion of being present at work or public service under the influence of alcohol.

scholarly journals Deradicalization in Textbooks of Islamic Religious Education Material with Radicalism in Schools

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-16
Author(s):  
A. Jauhar Fuad ◽  
Muhammad ‘Arifuddin
Keyword(s):  
Religious Education ◽  
Educational Institutions ◽  
Private Institutions ◽  
Literature Study ◽  
Education Material ◽  
Look Back ◽  
Teachers And Students ◽  
The Government ◽  
Radical Ideas ◽  
Religious Understanding

This article is limited to a literature study dealing with radicalization in educational institutions. More specifically, the authors want to add as much information as possible, so that this paper strengthens the study of literature and data that can strengthen further research. The preliminary results are as follows: radicalism enters through textbooks, by changing the religious understanding of teachers and students, the books used are official books published by the government and private institutions through worksheets. Based on the above problems, the author has indeed tried to look back at some of the teaching materials for Islamic religious education which are mixed with radical ideas as revised by the government and by the community to improve textbooks so that radical understanding can be lost. So it is necessary to reorientate the handling of radicalization which has been done and understood by great people. Efforts to stem radicalism, which have so far been more focused on terrorists or warfighters, have not been carried out much as an understood precaution and radical action.

scholarly journals The Political University in Argentina in the 1990's

2001 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
pp. 22 ◽  
Author(s):  
Adriana Chiroleu ◽  
Osvaldo Iazzetta ◽  
Claudia Voras ◽  
Claudio Diaz
Keyword(s):  
Public Institution ◽  
Executive Power ◽  
The Political ◽  
University Autonomy ◽  
The Public ◽  
The Past ◽  
State Participation ◽  
National University ◽  
The Government ◽  
The Way

Although university autonomy was apparently protected during Carlos Menem's government (1989-1999), actually it was gradually undergoing substantial changes. "Intrusive" devices had been prepared by the executive power, thus causing the restriction of its objectives. This kind of state participation was less explicit than in the past, being now associated with the establishment of a system of "punishment and reward," in which financing is subordinated to "performance," evaluated according to the parameters of multilateral credit organizations . In this work, we analyse the way in which this conflict took place under Menem's government, contrasting the meanings given to the idea of autonomy by the government and by the public institution; attentin focuses on the case of the National University of Rosario.

scholarly journals The implementation of policy for the appointment of government employees with work contract in New State Universities (A Study in Borneo Tarakan University)

2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 157-166
Author(s):  
Tri Susilo ◽  
Bambang Santoso Haryono ◽  
Ainul Hayat
Keyword(s):  
Higher Education ◽  
Qualitative Research ◽  
State Universities ◽  
Private Institutions ◽  
Government Employees ◽  
Higher Education Access ◽  
Education Access ◽  
Complex Process ◽  
The Government ◽  
Work Contract

Abstract This research investigated the implementation of policy for the appointment of lecturers and education staffs in Borneo Tarakan University as government employees based on work contract. One of the attempt made by the government to evenly provide higher education access throughout Indonesia was by converting several private-owned universities into new state-owned universities. The policy explained that all properties, students, rights and obligation which had been under private institutions’ responsibility were then transferred to the government. However, this policy excludes the transfer of employees who work in the universities. The policy also mentions that all staffs are required to carry out their regular works until new regulations are released. Unfortunately, this policy often led to issues regarding the certainty of employee’s status at work as. After going through a complex process, Presidential Regulation Number 10 of 2016 has been released, in which it is stated that all lecturers and education staffs are appointed as government employees based on work contract. Despite the release of this regulation, until the time this research was conducted, the appointment had not yet been carried out. This descriptive qualitative research has revealed that the policy has not yet been well administered in Borneo Tarakan University due to some problems.

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