scholarly journals Initial material for the development of sweet sorghum varieties and hybrids

2021 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 3-10
Author(s):  
A. E. Romanyukin ◽  
V. V. Kovtunov ◽  
N. A. Kovtunova ◽  
E. A. Shishova
Keyword(s):  
Sweet Sorghum ◽  
Sugar Content ◽  
Vegetation Period ◽  
Farm Animals ◽  
Experimental Plot ◽  
Early Maturity ◽  
High Sugar Content ◽  
Early Ripening ◽  
Agricultural Regions ◽  
Full Maturity

Sweet sorghum is an alternative forage crop in some agricultural regions of the country. It is widely used for the production of green mass, hay, haylage, grass chop, i.e. it provides the necessary complex of feed for raising farm animals and poultry. The current study was carried out in the period from 2018 to 2019 on the experimental plot of the FSBSI ARC “Donskoy” located in the southern part of the Rostov region. The soil of the experimental plot was ordinary carbonate blackearth (chernozem). The objects of study were 210 collection samples of sweet sorghum. The period ‘sprouts – full maturity’ of the collection samples varied from 80 to 127 days. The early ripening group (which reached full maturity in 80–101 days) included 61.4% (129 pcs) of the studied sweet sorghum samples. The samples ‘K-1437/2’, ‘K-1502/1’, ‘Sakharnoe 7’, ‘K-1809’, ‘Moment’, ‘Sahara’, ‘Simon’ with 82-86 days of vegetation period were identified as the sources of early maturity. According to sugar content in stem sap, the collection samples varied from 5 to 22%. There was identified high (15.1–19.0%) sugar content in 28.1% (59 pcs) of the sorghum samples and very high (more than 19.1%) sugar content in 5.7% (12 pcs) of the sorghum samples. The samples ‘K-2027/2’, ‘Orangevoe uluchshennoe 01’, ‘K-153’, ‘K-1373’, ‘Simon’, ‘Szeegedibanne’ were identified as the samples with high sugar content (21–22%). The samples ‘Bizon’, ‘Zubr’, ‘Mamont’, ‘K-668/2’, ‘SPV-441’, ‘Sacca line’, which had 14–18 leaves, were identified as the sources of high foliage. The samples ‘OS-20’, ‘Zernogradskoe 1UK’, ‘Yarik’, ‘Mamont’, ‘Leoti Red’, ‘Sacca line’ were identified according to high leaf area, exceeding that of the standard variety by 102–159 cm2.

scholarly journals Effects of pre-harvest techniques in the control of berry ripening in grapevine cv. Sauvignon blanc

2019 ◽  
Vol 13 ◽  
pp. 04016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Valentina Lucchetta ◽  
Benedetta Volta ◽  
Mattia Tononi ◽  
Damiano Zanotelli ◽  
Carlo Andreotti
Keyword(s):  
Sugar Content ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Market Demand ◽  
Sauvignon Blanc ◽  
Ripening Process ◽  
Acid Ratio ◽  
Berry Quality ◽  
High Sugar Content ◽  
Early Ripening ◽  
Harvest Techniques

Due to a variety of reasons (changing climatic conditions, higher photosynthetic efficiency of newly established vineyards, yield restriction imposed by production protocols), there is currently a tendency towards early ripening in grapevines, combined with the production of berries characterized by high sugar content. This tendency conflicts with the general market demand for wines (mostly white wines) with low alcohol level and characterised by a fresh, easy-to-drink taste. We tested two different techniques applied to the canopy (defoliation and the use of an antitranspirant product) with the aim of delaying the ripening process and improving the berry quality of the white cultivar Sauvignon blanc. The defoliation performed at veraison allowed postponement of the ripening process by about 5 days as compared to undefoliated vines, without altering the sugar/acid ratio of the berries. The antitranspirant product delayed ripening by 10 to 15 days. Brix was reduced by 1.5-2.5 degrees in the 2 considered seasons, whereas the effect on acidity was contradicting and needs further research for a full understanding of the mechanisms involved in the process.

scholarly journals JUSTIFICATION OF TECHNOLOGY FOR OBTAINING DRY FEED CONCENTRATE FOR FARM ANIMALS

2020 ◽  
pp. 79-87
Author(s):  
S. K. Volonchuk ◽  
I. V. Naumenko ◽  
A. I. Rezepin
Keyword(s):  
Dry Matter ◽  
Radiation Flux ◽  
Sugar Content ◽  
Farm Animals ◽  
Ir Radiation ◽  
Cost Of Electricity ◽  
High Sugar ◽  
High Sugar Content ◽  
Feed Value ◽  
The Cost

The results of research on the justification of technology for obtaining feed concentrate for farm animals are presented. It was found that the use of subsurface whey in the process of obtaining feed molasses contributes to an increase in its sugar content in comparison with molasses obtained from acidified water according to the currently used technology, but increases the duration of the process and the cost of electricity. It has lower humidity due to the presence of dry matter in the serum. The duration of the process of obtaining molasses based on water is less due to the fact that the availability of the reaction mixture is higher than when obtaining molasses based on serum. Molasses with a high sugar content was used to produce the concentrate. It was mixed with bran in certain proportions: 1,5:1,0; 2,0:1,0; 2,5:1,0, which corresponds to the humidity of 40, 50, 60 %. Composite variants were dried at IR-radiation flux densities of 15, 17.5, 20 kW/m2. The dependence of the sugar content in the composite on its humidity and the density of the IR-radiation flux is established. Indicators of the feed value of the received product are determined. A flowchart for obtaining feed concentrate has been developed.

scholarly journals Brief Overview of Sweet Sorghum Irradiated by Carbon Ion Beam

2017 ◽  
Vol 9 (8) ◽  
pp. 74
Author(s):  
Xicun Dong ◽  
Wenjian Li ◽  
Ruiyuan Liu ◽  
Wenting Gu
Keyword(s):  
Ethanol Production ◽  
Sweet Sorghum ◽  
Biological Effects ◽  
Ion Beam ◽  
Sugar Content ◽  
Growth Period ◽  
Wild Type Plant ◽  
Early Maturity ◽  
Carbon Ion ◽  
Carbon Ion Beam

Sweet sorghum [Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench] is a C4 plant characterized by a high photosynthetic efficiency and a high biomass- and sugar- yielding crop. However, the current varieties of sweet sorghum cannot meet the rapid growth demand for bio-ethanol production because of its low sugar content in China. To breed novel varieties to provide excellent raw materials for bio-ethanol production, the dry seeds were irradiated by carbon ion beam irradiation with different doses in sweet sorghum, resulting in acquiring an early-maturity mutant at 80 Gy dose, which the growth period was stably shortened for around 20 days compared to wild-type plant. In this paper, we briefly summarized the biological effects induced by carbon ion beam, the characters of early-maturity mutant, and revealed corresponding mechanisms from the point of view of morphological, physiological and molecular levels. In conclusion, there were significant effects on sweet sorghum irradiated by carbon ion beam.

scholarly journals Sweet sorghum (Sorghum dochna L.) restorer lines effects on nutritional parameters of stalk juice

2009 ◽  
pp. 51-56
Author(s):  
Éva Erdei ◽  
Pál Pepó ◽  
János Csapó ◽  
Szilárd Tóth ◽  
Béla Szabó
Keyword(s):  
Sweet Sorghum ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Sugar Content ◽  
Reducing Sugar ◽  
Total Sugar ◽  
Nutritional Values ◽  
Material Content ◽  
Nutritional Parameters ◽  
Total Sugar Content ◽  
High Sugar Content

Sweet sorghum can be utilized for bioethanol production because it has high sugar content (14-17%). We determined the most important nutritional values of 5 silo type sorghum lines in waxy and full maturation. The examined restorer lines were: RL 4, RL 9, RL 15, RL 18, K 1. The following nutritional parameters were examined: dry material content, refractometric total sugar content, reducing sugar content. In waxy maturation 73.85-87.37% of dry matter in stalk juice makes the total sugar. Dry  material content, total and reducing sugar content of stalkdecreases from waxy mature to full maturation.There are differences between lines in dry matter (SzD5%=0.76), total sugar (SzD5%=0.79), reducing sugar content (SzD5%=0.30). RL 4 performed a decrease in total sugar content from 10.07% to 10.02% during this period, reducing sugar also decreased from 4.01% to 2.47%. RL 9 performed a decrease in total sugar content from 11.76% to 11.08% during this period. Reducing sugar also decreased from 3.17% to 2.01% in the waxymaturation. RL 15 showed a total sugar content decrease from 15.43 % to 15.36%. The reducing sugar also decreased from  3.23% to 1.71% in waxy maturation. In RL 18 total mean sugar content during waxy maturation was 13.78% which dropped to 13.26% approaching full maturation. Reducing sugar also decreased from 4.11% to 2.23% in waxy mature. K 1 performed a decrease in total sugar content from 9.35% to 6.15% during this period, while reducing sugar also decreased from 1.52% to 0.77%. These lines upcoming for experiments are perspectives since having excellent stalk juice nutritional parameters they are of great or very great height and their stalks are thick-very thick, stalk medullas are wet.

Harvest Field Sizing as a Technique to Remove Undersize French Prunes

HortScience ◽  
1998 ◽  
Vol 33 (3) ◽  
pp. 452a-452
Author(s):  
Richard Buchner ◽  
Seeley Mudd ◽  
Bruce Carroll ◽  
Mark Gilles
Keyword(s):  
Sugar Content ◽  
Economic Value ◽  
Market Value ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Soluble Solids ◽  
Field Size ◽  
Test Machine ◽  
Test Field ◽  
Marginal Value ◽  
High Sugar Content

Overall profitability is a major goal in successful prune production and a major component in any prune management system. Large prune crops in 1996 and 1997 have stimulated considerable interest in undersize fruit. Undersize prunes currently have marginal value and may represent a net loss because of costs to haul, dry, and to market order payments on low value prunes. One technique to control delivery size is to field size at harvest. Field sizing involves installing size-sorting devices on harvesters, which allow small prunes to fall out while valuable fruit is collected. Field sizing is considered a “risky” strategy because of the potential to remove prunes with economic value. During the 1997 harvest, 21 infield harvest sizing evaluations were made in prune orchards throughout Tehama county. The first evaluation occurred on 12 Aug. 1997, at the start of prune harvest. The final evaluation was done on 5 Sept. 1997, at the tail end of harvest. The objective was to sample throughout the harvest period to test field sizing under various sugar, size, and fruit pressure scenarios. The test machine was 1-inch bar sizer. Of the 21 sample dates, undersize fruit was clearly not marketable in 20 of the 21 samples. Discarded fruit averaged 133 dry count per pound. Only one sample out of 21 may have had market value at 86 dry count per pound. Although small in size, these prunes had very high sugar content contributing to their dry weight. In this evaluation, a 1-inch bar sizer did a good job of separating fruit with and without market value under the 1997 price schedule. As harvest date becomes later and soluble solids increase, the chances of sorting out marketable prunes also increases.

scholarly journals The “Zero Miles Product” Concept Applied to Biofuel Production: A Case Study

Energies ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (3) ◽  
pp. 565
Author(s):  
Nikolaj Kaae Kirk ◽  
Clara Navarrete ◽  
Jakob Ellegaard Juhl ◽  
José Luis Martínez ◽  
Alessandra Procentese
Keyword(s):  
Sugar Content ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Biofuel Production ◽  
Transport Costs ◽  
Economic Point ◽  
Product Concept ◽  
Energy Demands ◽  
Production Platform ◽  
High Sugar Content

To make biofuel production feasible from an economic point of view, several studies have investigated the main associated bottlenecks of the whole production process through approaches such as the “cradle to grave” approach or the Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) analysis, being the main constrains the feedstock collection and transport. Whilst several feedstocks are interesting because of their high sugar content, very few of them are available all year around and moreover do not require high transportation’ costs. This work aims to investigate if the “zero miles” concept could bring advantages to biofuel production by decreasing all the associated transport costs on a locally established production platform. In particular, a specific case study applied to the Technical University of Denmark (DTU) campus is used as example to investigate the advantages and feasibility of using the spent coffee grounds generated at the main cafeteria for the production of bioethanol on site, which can be subsequently used to (partially) cover the campus’ energy demands.

Seven-year trends in the availability, sugar content and serve size of single-serve non-alcoholic beverages in New Zealand: 2013–2019

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-13
Author(s):  
Teresa Gontijo de Castro ◽  
Helen Eyles ◽  
Cliona Ni Mhurchu ◽  
Leanne Young ◽  
Sally Mackay
Keyword(s):  
New Zealand ◽  
Sugar Content ◽  
Food Composition ◽  
Soft Drinks ◽  
Alcoholic Beverages ◽  
Slight Reduction ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Sweetened Beverages ◽  
Sugary Drinks ◽  
High Sugar Content

Abstract Objective: To assess trends in relative availability, sugar content and serve size of ready-to-drink non-alcoholic beverages available for sale in supermarkets from 2013 to 2019. Design: Repeat cross-sectional surveys. Data on single-serve beverages to be consumed in one sitting were obtained from an updated brand-specific food composition database. Trends in beverages availability and proportions with serve size ≤ 250 ml were assessed by χ2 tests. Sugar content trends were examined using linear regressions. The proportion of beverages exceeding the sugar threshold of the United Kingdom Soft Drinks Industry Levy (SDIL) was assessed. Setting: New Zealand. Results: From 2013 to 2019, there was (i) an increase in the availability of sugar-free/low-sugar beverages (n 25 (8·4 %) to n 75 (19·1 %); P < 0·001) and craft sugar-sweetened soft drinks (n 11 (3·7 %) to n 36 (9·2 %); P < 0·001), and a decrease in availability of fruit/vegetable juices/drinks (n 94 (31·8 %) to n 75 (19·4 %); P < 0·001); (ii) small decreases in sugar content (mean g/100 ml) of sugar-sweetened soft drinks (3·03; 95 % CI 3·77, 2·29); fruit/vegetable juices/drinks (1·08; 95 % CI 2·14, 0·01) and energy drinks (0·98; 95 % CI 1·63, 0·32) and (iii) slight reduction in the proportion of beverages with serve size ≤ 250 ml (21·6 to 18·9 %; P < 0·001). In 2019, most beverages were sugar-sweetened or had naturally occurring sugars (79·1 %) and serve size > 250 ml (81·1 %) and most sugar-sweetened beverages exceeded the SDIL lower benchmark (72·9 %). Conclusions: Most single-serve beverages available for sale in 2019 were sugary drinks with high sugar content and large serve sizes; therefore, changes made across the years were not meaningful for population’s health.

scholarly journals The Impact of Climate Change on the Sugar Content of Grapes and the Sustainability of their Production in the Czech Republic

2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 222
Author(s):  
Miroslava Navrátilová ◽  
Markéta Beranová ◽  
Lucie Severová ◽  
Karel Šrédl ◽  
Roman Svoboda ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Czech Republic ◽  
Sugar Content ◽  
Growing Season ◽  
Vegetation Period ◽  
The Czech Republic ◽  
Impact Of Climate Change ◽  
Secondary Sources ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Growing Region

The aim of the presented article is to evaluate the impact of climate change on the sugar content of grapes in the Czech Republic during the period 2000–2019 through selected indicators on the basis of available secondary sources. Attention is focused on the developments in both the main wine-growing regions of Moravia and Bohemia. In the field of viticulture and wine-growing, the sugar content of grapes, as a basic parameter for the classification of wines, plays an important role. In the Czech Republic, the average sugar content of grapes has had a constantly growing trend. This trend is evident both in the wine-growing region of Bohemia and in the wine-growing region of Moravia. The impact of climate change, especially the gradual increase of average temperatures in the growing season, cannot be overlooked. It greatly affects, among other things, the sugar content of grapes. Calculations according to the Huglin Index and the Winkler Index were used to determine the relationship between climate and sugar content. These indexes summarize the course of temperatures during the entire vegetation period into a single numerical value. The results show that both indexes describe the effect of air temperature on sugar content in both wine regions of the Czech Republic in a statistically significant way. The Huglin Index shows a higher correlation rate. The Winkler Index proved to be less suitable for both areas. Alternatively, the Winkler Index calculated for a shorter growing season was tested, which showed a higher degree of correlation with sugar content, approaching the significance of the Huglin Index.

Feasibility of utilizing sweet potato solids in extrusion cooking / Extrusión de pulpa de batata

1997 ◽  
Vol 3 (3) ◽  
pp. 171-174 ◽  
Author(s):  
H.M. Khalil ◽  
B.R. Henry
Keyword(s):  
Moisture Content ◽  
Sweet Potato ◽  
Sugar Content ◽  
Expansion Ratio ◽  
Fractional Factorial ◽  
Snack Food ◽  
Screw Speed ◽  
High Sugar Content ◽  
Feed Moisture ◽  
Best Parameter

A fractional factorial design of four variables at two levels each was employed to assess the feasi bility and best parameter for extruding sweet potato solids (SPS) using a single screw extruder. It was determined that a high expansion ratio is a desired quality factor for this type of snack food, due to its contribution to textural perception. Preliminary trials on extrusion of sweet potato solids as the sole component in the feed resulted in brittle, dense, and burnt extrudate. The high sugar content (65% total sugar) of the sweet potato solids was cited as the cause of these attrib utes, consequently it was necessary to incorporate wheat flour into the feed to provide a starch matrix for expansion and to reduce sugar concentration. The controlled parameters were screw speed, barrel temperature, feed moisture content, and SPS level in the feed. Among all possible combinations of controlled parameters, the highest expansion ratio was obtained at a screw speed of 220 rpm, temperature profile of 110, 105, 115 and 105 °C, 13% feed moisture content, 50% sweet potato solids, and 0.5% leavening agent.

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