Analysis of Write Recovery Time Degradation Caused by Adjacent Storage Node Data in DRAM

2015 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kwangwon Lee ◽  
Incheol Nam ◽  
Daesun Kim ◽  
Hongsun Hwang ◽  
Sangjae Rhee ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Recovery Time ◽  
Potential Effect ◽  
Physical Distance ◽  
Cell Array ◽  
Body Effect ◽  
Node Level ◽  
Lateral Body ◽  
Node Potential ◽  
Storage Node ◽  
The One

Abstract As microelectronic feature sizes are scaled down, the characteristics and distribution of DRAM data retention time and write recovery time are getting worse. This degradation is due to the increases in the leakage current and resistance of the cell node and the decrease of cell capacitance in DRAM devices. As the physical distance between storage nodes decreases, node potential is increasingly affected by small potential changes in adjacent storage nodes. In this paper, we will show that the one of the most dominant contributors to failure is the adjacent storage node level, and we will demonstrate how node level affects write time delay. The effect of the adjacent storage node level can be correlated with a change in threshold voltage, much like the MOSFET body effect. We define this phenomenon as the lateral body effect, and propose a model for adjacent potential effect using the Buried Cell Array Transistor (BCAT) structure in sub 20nm DRAM.

scholarly journals Modeling and Characteristic Parameters Analysis of a Trough Concentrating Photovoltaic/Thermal System with GaAs and Super Cell Arrays

2012 ◽  
Vol 2012 ◽  
pp. 1-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xu Ji ◽  
Ming Li ◽  
Weidong Lin ◽  
Wenbo Wang ◽  
Liuling Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Thermal System ◽  
Characteristic Parameters ◽  
Cell Array ◽  
Super Cell ◽  
Mirror Reflectivity ◽  
Photovoltaic Thermal System ◽  
Calculation Results ◽  
Cell Arrays ◽  
The One ◽  
T System

The paper established the one-dimension steady models of a trough concentrating photovoltaic/thermal system with a super cell array and a GaAs cell array, respectively, and verified the models by experiments. The gaps between calculation results and experimental results were less than 5%. Utilizing the models, the paper analyzed the influences of the characteristic parameters on the performances of the TCPV/T system with a super cell array and a GaAs cell array, respectively. The reflectivity of the parabolic mirror in the TCPV/T system was an important factor to determine the utilizing efficiency of solar energy. The performances of the TCPV/T system can be optimized by improving the mirror reflectivity and the thermal solar radiation absorptivity of the lighting plate and pursuing a suitable focal line with uniform light intensity distribution. All these works will benefit to the utilization of the trough concentrating system and the combined heat/power supply.

Gay Straight Communication

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fabio Fasoli
Keyword(s):  
Sexual Orientation ◽  
Gay Men ◽  
Hate Speech ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Physical Distance ◽  
Positive Attitudes ◽  
Self Acceptance ◽  
And Bisexual ◽  
Private Matter ◽  
The One

Sexual orientation is a private matter that individuals can decide to disclose or conceal. Nevertheless, when interacting with others, people look for cues of sexual orientation. Hence, the person’s face, voice, or non-verbal behavior is taken as a cue revealing sexual orientation. As research on “gaydar” has shown, this detecting ability can sometimes be accurate or stereotype-based. Sometimes gay, lesbian, and bisexual people themselves intentionally communicate their sexual identity explicitly or through more subtle cues. Intentional or not, several cues are taken as communicating sexual orientation with the consequences of shaping interpersonal interactions. Identifying someone as gay or lesbian has several implications. On the one hand, it leads straight men and women to non-verbally behave differently than when interacting with other straight individuals (e.g., more physical distance, more self-touching). On the other hand, it also affects verbal communication (e.g., topics of conversation, questions, and statements). The harshest consequence is hate speech and homophobic language. Research has shown that being labeled as “faggot” or “dyke” not only negatively affects those who are the target of such verbal derogation but also negatively impacts on straight bystanders. Indeed, gay and lesbian targets of homophobic language report a lower level of well-being and self-acceptance, while being exposed to such language increases prejudice toward gay men and lesbians among straight people. In the case of straight men, the use of homophobic language is often associated with identity self-affirmation and self-presentation. Interestingly, a recent trend among gay people has been noticed: they use homophobic labels among them as a form of “reclaimed language,” meaning that these derogatory terms are used with a different intent and reframed in a more positive way. Moreover, communicating sexual orientation can increase self-acceptance, social support, and positive social comparison among gay men and lesbians and can also increase positive attitudes toward gay people, especially when it happens with friends and family members.

REMOTE WORK IN PANDEMIC CONDITIONS – SELECTED ISSUES

2021 ◽  
Vol 566-567 (5-6) ◽  
pp. 26-35
Author(s):  
Agnieszka Smoder
Keyword(s):  
Everyday Life ◽  
Empirical Research ◽  
Information Technologies ◽  
Physical Distance ◽  
Work Life ◽  
Remote Work ◽  
Border Line ◽  
Dynamic Development ◽  
Employment Conditions ◽  
The One

The coronavirus epidemic has increased the importance of remote work and its popularity in companies. Remote work has so far been mainly a tool for acquiring and retaining employees who are particularly valuable for the company, an important element in creating attractive employment conditions. In the conditions of a pandemic, work performer remotely is no longer just a benefit, and has become a means of maintaining physical distance – an important component of everyday life. The changes taking place today in the field of communications methods, the dynamic development of information technologies, intensified during the pandemic, affect the shape of the work-life relationship. On the one hand, remote work may disrupt the border line between work and non-work life, but at the same time it creates an opportunity to deal with this challenge. The aim of the articles to presentation of selected results of empirical research devoted to remote work during a pandemic, taking into account the benefits and opportunities as well as limitations related to this way of working, especially concerning issues related to the reconciliation of professional and personal roles.

La dimension régionale du vote économique canadien aux élections fédérales de 1988 à 2000

2002 ◽  
Vol 35 (3) ◽  
pp. 567-588 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jean-François Godbout ◽  
Éric Bélanger
Keyword(s):  
Party System ◽  
Economic Voting ◽  
Potential Effect ◽  
Structural Factors ◽  
Mediating Role ◽  
Electoral Behaviour ◽  
The One ◽  
Election Studies ◽  
The Relationship

Recent works on economic voting have shown that the economy's impact on electoral behaviour could sometimes be mediated by differences in political conditions. This article specifies and tests the mediating role of one such factor, namely regionalism, on economic voting in Canada. The potential effect of two structural factors is tested: the regional configuration of the federal party system (clarity of available alternatives), and the regional structure of the economy. The data used come from the last four Canadian Election Studies (1988 to 2000). The results show that economic voting slightly differs among regions according to the presence or not of strong regional political parties, Quebec being the region where the relationship between the economy and the vote is the weakest. Even more significant differences in economic voting behaviour can be observed between ''have'' and ''have not'' regions, the shape of economic voting in the Atlantic provinces being distinct from the one in Ontario and the West.

scholarly journals Single currency and regional integration in the ECOWAS region: A new estimation technique using the Pseudo Maximum Likelihood Poisson with High Dimensional Fixed Effects (PPMLHDFE).

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
MICHAEL KOUADIO N'GUESSAN
Keyword(s):  
Exchange Rate ◽  
Regional Integration ◽  
Fixed Effects ◽  
Exchange Rate Regime ◽  
Potential Effect ◽  
Flexible Exchange Rate ◽  
The Other ◽  
Single Currency ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
The One

Abstract The progress of regional integration in ECOWAS is leading to the desire to create an optimal monetary zone. This desire to create an optimal monetary zone is leading to a wave of divergent views on the effect and exchange rate regime of the single currency on trade. On the one hand, WAMZ countries want to adopt it with a flexible exchange rate, while on the other hand, WAEMU countries want to adopt it with a fixed exchange rate pegged to the euro. This divergence of views is at the heart of our problem. We need to analyze the effect of this currency and its flexible exchange rate regime on regional integration, more particularly the market integration of the Economic Community of West African States. Our evaluation is based on an augmented gravity model as the basic theoretical model, with the Pseudo Maximum Poisson Likelihood with High Dimension Fixed Effects (PPMHDFE) as the estimation method. This panel study is based on data from the World Bank (WDI), IMF (DOTS) and CEPII from 2009 to 2018. The question addressed by the analysis of the potential effect of sharing a single currency on integration by the ECOWAS market, allows us to arrive at two main results. (i) The potential effect of the single currency on trade is significant, robustness tests confirm the positive effect of currency sharing on trade. (ii) The flexible exchange rate has positive effects on trade. Thus, we therefore call on the political leaders of ECOWAS countries to make efforts to meet the convergence criteria and the establishment of this single currency in order to be the foundation of the single African currency, on the one hand. On the other hand, we recommend the adoption of a single currency with a variable exchange rate with a gradual approach.

scholarly journals NETWORK CONFLICT AS A SOCIAL PHENOMENON

2020 ◽  
pp. 44-50
Keyword(s):  
Visual Information ◽  
Physical Distance ◽  
Conflict Situation ◽  
Time Interval ◽  
Network Education ◽  
The Creation ◽  
The One ◽  
Conceptual Study ◽  
Modes Of Interaction ◽  
The Impact

The paper provides a conceptual study of network conflict phenomenon, identifying the essence and specifics of its manifestation in the social system. The process of modifying the system of social interaction, which leads to the formation of many political, economic and social contradictions, contributes to the formation of network conflicts. The paper identifies such essential characteristics of network processes that affect the dynamics of a conflict situation, such as, first, physical distance and the anonymity of network actors. They contribute to the formation of a sense of responsibility lack for the consequences of the conflict, create the illusion of absence rules, which can lead to a wrong perception of the problem and increase conflict. Secondly, sensory reduction, the inability to create a complete image with visual information leads to a deterioration of mutual understanding. Third, the appearance of the illusion of understanding the actor’s actions due to the creation of a distorted representation and incorrect perception of the information provided. Fourth, the absence of sanctions for violating values and norms makes it impossible to control the development of a conflict situation. Fifth, shortening the time interval for transmitting information creates, on the one hand, opportunities to control the speed of communication and forms additional opportunities for thinking about the problem, on the other hand, leads to the creation of the illusion of control over the situation. The article deals with the ontological, phenomenological and axiological modes of interaction of network structures in the situation of conflict confrontation. The paper concludes that the most effective way to reduce the impact of destabilizing factors on the system is systematically changing the network of interactions between its structural elements. Any system tends to adapt to the changed conditions of existence. Lack of regulation can lead to the destruction of network education. At the same time, the transformation of the conflicting form of interaction between actors leads to a change in the network. The study of conflicts, features and specifics of network elements interaction is practically significant, because this analysis will help to detect and activate integrative social mechanisms.

Ca2+-Activated K+ Currents in Rat Locus Coeruleus Neurons Induced by Experimental Ischemia, Anoxia, and Hypoglycemia

1997 ◽  
Vol 78 (5) ◽  
pp. 2674-2681 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yoshinaka Murai ◽  
Hitoshi Ishibashi ◽  
Susumu Koyama ◽  
Norio Akaike
Keyword(s):  
Locus Coeruleus ◽  
Recovery Time ◽  
Outward Current ◽  
Inhibitory Effect ◽  
Metabolic Inhibition ◽  
Continuous Treatment ◽  
Equilibrium Potential ◽  
Transient Outward Current ◽  
Energy Deficiency ◽  
The One

Murai, Yoshinaka, Hitoshi Ishibashi, Susumu Koyama, and Norio Akaike. Ca2+-activated K+ currents in rat locus coeruleus neurons induced by experimental ischemia, anoxia, and hypoglycemia. J. Neurophysiol. 78: 2674–2681, 1997. The effects of metabolic inhibition on membrane currents and N-methyl-d-aspartic acid (NMDA)-induced currents were investigated in dissociated rat locus coeruleus (LC) neurons by using the nystatin perforated patch recording mode under voltage-clamp conditions. Changes in the intracellular Ca2+ concentration ([Ca2+]i) during the metabolic inhibition were also investigated by using the microfluometry with a fluorescent probe, Indo-1. Removal of both the oxygen and glucose (experimental ischemia), deprivation of glucose (hypoglycemia), and a blockade of electron transport by sodium cyanide (NaCN) or a reduction of the mitochondrial membrane potentialwith carbonyl cyanide- p-trifluoromethoxyphenyl-hydrazone(FCCP) as experimental anoxia all induced a slowly developing outward current ( I OUT) at a holding potential of −40 mV. The application of 10−4 M NMDA induced a rapid transient peak and a successive steady state inward current and a transient outward current immediately after washout. All treatments related to metabolic inhibition increased the NMDA-induced outward current( I NMDA-OUT) and prolonged the one-half recovery time of I NMDA-OUT. The reversal potentials of both I OUT and I NMDA-OUT were close to the K+ equilibrium potential ( E K) of −82 mV. Either charybdotoxin or tolbutamide inhibited the I OUT and I NMDA-OUT, suggesting the contribution of Ca2+-activated and ATP-sensitive K+ channels, even though the inhibitory effect of tolbutamide gradually diminished with time. Under the metabolic inhibition, the basal level of [Ca2+]i was increased and the one-half recovery time of the NMDA-induced increase in [Ca2+]i was prolonged. The I OUT induced by NaCN was inhibited by a continuous treatment of thapsigargin but not by ryanodine, indicating the involvement of inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate (IP3)-induced Ca2+ release (IICR) store. These findings suggest that energy deficiency causes Ca2+ release from the IICR store and activates continuous Ca2+-activated K+ channels and transient ATP-sensitive K+ channels in acutely dissociated rat LC neurons.

scholarly journals SOFT TENNIS AND VOLLEYBALL CONTEXTS IN ASIAN GAMES FOR PISA-LIKE MATHEMATICS PROBLEMS

2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 157-170 ◽  
Author(s):  
Riya Dhotul Jannah ◽  
Ratu Ilma Indra Putri ◽  
Zulkardi Zulkardi
Keyword(s):  
Design Research ◽  
Potential Effect ◽  
Expert Assessment ◽  
Mathematical Literacy ◽  
Technical Language ◽  
Mathematics Problems ◽  
Tenth Grade ◽  
Data Content ◽  
Communication Ability ◽  
The One

This study aims to produce valid and practical PISA-like mathematics problems of uncertainty and data content by using soft tennis and volleyball contexts in Asian Games. It also aims to find out the potential effect of the problems on students' mathematical literacy. The method used in this study was design research with the type of development studies. The validity was viewed from expert assessment regarding the content, constructs, language, and students’ comments to the clarity of the problems in the one-to-one phase. Then, the practicality was viewed in the small group phase, and it was found that the students could understand the problem well. Based on the answers from 33 tenth-grade students of senior high school, it was found that the problems had potential effects that arouse the ability to use symbolic, formal, and technical language, as well as the ability of operation, communication, and representation. With the problem of the soft tennis context, five students could apply the ability to use symbolic, formal, and technical language, and operations, 12 students could apply representation ability, and 16 students could apply the communication ability. Meanwhile, with the problem of the volleyball context, 18 students could apply the communication ability, and nine students could apply the representation ability.

scholarly journals MODELLING THE EFFECT OF VACCINATION ON THE MENINGOCOCCAL B EPIDEMIC IN NEW ZEALAND

2012 ◽  
Vol 54 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 74-88
Author(s):  
J. L. SIMPSON ◽  
M. G. ROBERTS
Keyword(s):  
Mathematical Model ◽  
New Zealand ◽  
Vaccination Campaign ◽  
Potential Effect ◽  
Considerable Decrease ◽  
Model Based ◽  
Yearly Incidence ◽  
The One

AbstractA nation-wide vaccination campaign began in New Zealand in 2004 with the aim of stopping the epidemic of meningococcal B disease. Approximately 80% of those under 20 years of age when the campaign was launched were vaccinated with three doses of a tailor-made vaccine. We propose a framework for a mathematical model based on the susceptible–carrier–infectious–removed (SCIR) structure. We show how the model could be used to calculate the predicted yearly incidence of infection in the absence of vaccination, and compare this to the effect that vaccination had on the course of the epidemic. Our model shows that vaccination led to a considerable decrease in the incidence of infection compared to what would have been seen otherwise. We then use our model to explore the potential effect of alternative vaccination schemes, and show that the one that was implemented was the best of all the possibilities we consider.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document