ONE HEALTH: ENVIRONMENTAL CONTAMINATION BY ANTIMICROBIALS

2018 ◽  
Vol 2 (2-3) ◽  
pp. 50-65
Author(s):  
V.V. Trokhymchuk ◽  
A.G. Salmanov ◽  
O.M. Verner ◽  
O.O. Lugach
Keyword(s):  
Biological Treatment ◽  
One Health ◽  
Bacterial Resistance ◽  
Wastewater Treatment Plants ◽  
Aquatic Organisms ◽  
The Past ◽  
High Consumption ◽  
Drinking Waters ◽  
Additional Input ◽  
Pharmaceutical Industries

Over the past few decades, a high number of pharmaceuticals have been detected in surface, ground and drinking waters. This contamination comes from domestic sewage, livestock, hospitals and chemical- pharmaceutical industries. Typical examples of these pollutants are the antimicrobials – powerful antibiotics used in human and veterinary medicine. The presence of antimicrobials in the environment can pose a serious threat to the ecosystem and to human health due to their high consumption globally. Even at low environmental concentrations, antibiotics stimulate bacterial resistance. The consequences of the presence of fluoroquinolones in the environment are not fully understood, but are known to be toxic to plants and aquatic organisms. Approximately 85% of the antimicrobials present in influents can be removed by conventional wastewater treatment plants, but the removed fraction is frequently accumulated in the sludge, which is sometimes used as fertilizer, representing an additional input route into the environment. The removal of antimicrobials by biological treatment is ineffective, and it is believed that only advanced oxidation technologies are able to destroy these emerging pollutants.

scholarly journals Environmental contamination by fluoroquinolones

2014 ◽  
Vol 50 (1) ◽  
pp. 41-54 ◽  
Author(s):  
Verônica Maria Fadário Frade ◽  
Meriellen Dias ◽  
Antonio Carlos Silva Costa Teixeira ◽  
Mauri Sergio Alves Palma
Keyword(s):  
Biological Treatment ◽  
Bacterial Resistance ◽  
Wastewater Treatment Plants ◽  
Aquatic Organisms ◽  
Emerging Pollutants ◽  
The Past ◽  
High Consumption ◽  
Drinking Waters ◽  
Additional Input ◽  
Pharmaceutical Industries

Over the past few decades, a high number of pharmaceuticals have been detected in surface, ground and drinking waters. This contamination comes from domestic sewage, livestock, hospitals and chemical-pharmaceutical industries. Typical examples of these pollutants are the fluoroquinolones - powerful antibiotics used in human and veterinary medicine. The presence of fluoroquinolones in the environment can pose a serious threat to the ecosystem and to human health due to their high consumption globally: in 1998, around 120 tons were produced. Even at low environmental concentrations, antibiotics stimulate bacterial resistance. The consequences of the presence of fluoroquinolones in the environment are not fully understood, but are known to be toxic to plants and aquatic organisms. Approximately 85% of the fluoroquinolones present in influents can be removed by conventional wastewater treatment plants, but the removed fraction is frequently accumulated in the sludge, which is sometimes used as fertilizer, representing an additional input route into the environment. The removal of fluoroquinolones by biological treatment is ineffective, and it is believed that only advanced oxidation technologies are able to destroy these emerging pollutants.

The Characteristics of Community Wastewater Biological Treatment Processes in Taiwan

1986 ◽  
Vol 18 (7-8) ◽  
pp. 289-296
Author(s):  
C. F. Ouyang ◽  
T. J. Wan
Keyword(s):  
Biological Treatment ◽  
Wastewater Treatment Plants ◽  
Oxygen Demand ◽  
Field Investigation ◽  
Oxidation Ditch ◽  
Trickling Filter ◽  
Rotating Biological Contactor ◽  
Treatment Processes ◽  
Treatment Characteristics ◽  
Sludge Thickening

This study investigated and compared the treatment characteristics of three different kinds of biological wastewater treatment plants (including rotating biological contactor, trickling filter and oxidation ditch) which are currently operated in Taiwan. The field investigation of this study concentrated on the following items: the performance of biological oxygen demand (BOD) and suspended solids (SS) removal; the sludge yield rate of BOD removal; the settleability of sludge solids; the properties of sludge thickening; the power consumption and land area requirement per unit volume of wastewater. Finally, based on the results of the field investigation, a comparison of the treatment characteristics of the three different biological treatment processes was evaluated.

Use of chemical upgrading (CU) in Hungary and Slovakia

1994 ◽  
Vol 30 (5) ◽  
pp. 87-95 ◽  
Author(s):  
Susan E. Murcott ◽  
Donald R. F. Harleman
Keyword(s):  
Wastewater Treatment ◽  
Biological Treatment ◽  
Treatment Plant ◽  
Domestic Sewage ◽  
Metal Salts ◽  
Plant Performance ◽  
Eastern European ◽  
Low Doses ◽  
The Past ◽  
Treatment Technologies

In the past decade, the development of polymers and new chemical technologies has opened the way to using low doses of chemicals in wastewater treatment. “Chemical upgrading” (CU) is defined in this paper as an application of these chemical technologies to upgrade overloaded treatment systems (typically consisting of conventional primary plus biological treatment) in Central and Eastern European (CEE) countries. Although some of the chemical treatment technologies are proven ones in North America, Scandinavia, and Germany, a host of factors, for example, the variations in composition and degree of pollution, the type of technologies in use, the type and mix of industrial and domestic sewage, and the amount of surface water, had meant that the viability of using CU in CEE countries was unknown. This report describes the first jar tests of CU conducted during the summer of 1993. The experiments show CU's ability to improve wastewater treatment plant performance and to potentially assist in the significant problem of overloaded treatment plants. Increased removal of BOD, TSS, and P in the primary stage of treatment is obtained at overflow rates above 1.5 m/h, using reasonably priced, local sources of metal salts in concentrations of 25 to 50 mg/l without polymers.

Evaluation of Small Wastewater Treatment Plants in the County of Århus – Denmark

1993 ◽  
Vol 28 (10) ◽  
pp. 33-41
Author(s):  
Jes la Cour Jansen ◽  
Bodil Mose Pedersen ◽  
Erik Moldt
Keyword(s):  
Wastewater Treatment ◽  
Constructed Wetlands ◽  
Biological Treatment ◽  
Wastewater Treatment Plants ◽  
Chemical Precipitation ◽  
Common Type ◽  
Treatment Efficiency ◽  
Effluent Quality ◽  
Different Types

Influent and effluent data from about 120 small wastewater treatment plants (100 - 2000 PE) have been collected and processed. Seven different types of plants are represented. The effluent quality and the treatment efficiency have been evaluated. The most common type of plant is mechanical/biological treatment plants. Some of them are nitrifying and some are also extended for chemical precipitation of phosphorus. Constructed wetlands and biological sandfilters are also represented among the small wastewater treatment plants.

scholarly journals Biological psychiatry: time for new paradigms

2013 ◽  
Vol 202 (3) ◽  
pp. 166-167 ◽  
Author(s):  
David Linden
Keyword(s):  
Biological Treatment ◽  
Biological Psychiatry ◽  
Psychiatric Diseases ◽  
Treatment Principles ◽  
Treatment Targets ◽  
The Past ◽  
Slow Progress ◽  
New Treatment

SummaryBiological psychiatry has not yet produced clinically viable biomarkers for any of the major psychiatric diseases, and the past 25 years have not brought any fundamentally new biological treatment principles. I discuss reasons for this slow progress and suggest avenues for the development of biomarkers and the discovery of new treatment targets.

scholarly journals Potential of biological phosphorus removal

2018 ◽  
Vol 178 ◽  
pp. 09021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nina Zaletova ◽  
Sergey Zaletov ◽  
Ivan Bulychev
Keyword(s):  
Phosphorus Removal ◽  
Biological Treatment ◽  
Wastewater Treatment Plants ◽  
Phosphate Concentration ◽  
Phosphate Removal ◽  
Phosphorus Compounds ◽  
Biological Phosphorus Removal ◽  
Technological Parameters ◽  
Strict Requirement ◽  
Biological Phosphorus

The purpose of studies was to assess the potential effectiveness of phosphorus compounds removal from waste water by biological method. Phosphorus removal is very important because of strict standards to phosphate concentration in effluent. But removal of phosphorus by chemical method requires a lot of reagents. Moreover objectives of research were to determine actual efficiency of the biological phosphorus removal. The study shows that under certain technological parameters of biological treatment it is possible to meet strict requirement phosphate removal. This technology can be implemented on existing wastewater treatment plants. The technology of biological phosphorus removal can be combined with the technology of nitrification and denitrification.

scholarly journals Bacteriophages and the One Health Approach to Combat Multidrug Resistance: Is This the Way?

Antibiotics ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (7) ◽  
pp. 414
Author(s):  
Mary Garvey
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
One Health ◽  
Bacterial Resistance ◽  
Therapeutic Potential ◽  
Methicillin Resistance ◽  
Bacterial Species ◽  
Emerging Diseases ◽  
Scale Production ◽  
Essential Components ◽  
The One

Antimicrobial resistance necessitates action to reduce and eliminate infectious disease, ensure animal and human health, and combat emerging diseases. Species such as Acinetobacter baumanniii, vancomycin resistant Enterococcus, methicillin resistance Staphylococcus aureus, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa, as well as other WHO priority pathogens, are becoming extremely difficult to treat. In 2017, the EU adopted the “One Health” approach to combat antibiotic resistance in animal and human medicine and to prevent the transmission of zoonotic disease. As the current therapeutic agents become increasingly inadequate, there is a dire need to establish novel methods of treatment under this One Health Framework. Bacteriophages (phages), viruses infecting bacterial species, demonstrate clear antimicrobial activity against an array of resistant species, with high levels of specificity and potency. Bacteriophages play key roles in bacterial evolution and are essential components of all ecosystems, including the human microbiome. Factors such are their specificity, potency, biocompatibility, and bactericidal activity make them desirable options as therapeutics. Issues remain, however, relating to their large-scale production, formulation, stability, and bacterial resistance, limiting their implementation globally. Phages used in therapy must be virulent, purified, and well characterized before administration. Clinical studies are warranted to assess the in vivo pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamic characteristics of phages to fully establish their therapeutic potential.

Chemical and Biological Treatment of Dyes

2020 ◽  
pp. 170-204
Author(s):  
Kiran Meghwal ◽  
Reema Agrawal ◽  
Srishti Kumawat ◽  
Nirmala Kumari Jangid ◽  
Chetna Ameta
Keyword(s):  
Azo Dyes ◽  
Aquatic Environment ◽  
Industrial Wastewater ◽  
Biological Treatment ◽  
New Technologies ◽  
Aquatic Organisms ◽  
Textile Wastewater ◽  
Important Concern ◽  
Industrial Needs ◽  
Living Being

Life of living or non-living being depends on water; in short, water is life. But these days, with the growing industrialization, it is spoiling a lot. Wastewater contains contaminants like acids, bases, toxic organic and inorganic dissolved solids, and colors. Out of them, the most undesirable are colors caused mainly by dyes. Color and other compounds present in water are always not desirable for domestic or industrial needs. The wastes of dyes are predominant amongst all the complex industrial wastewater. This water is dark in color and highly toxic, blocking the sunlight and affecting the ecosystem. Among all the dyes, azo dyes contribute to commercial dyes used widely in textile, plastic, leather, and paper industries as additives. The removal and degradation of azo dyes in aquatic environment is important because they are highly toxic to aquatic organisms. For every industry, clean technology has become an important concern. In this chapter, the authors discuss about existing processes as well as promising new technologies for textile wastewater decolorisation.

scholarly journals Global Internal Recirculation Alternative Operation to Reduce Nitrogen and Ammonia Limit Violations and Pumping Energy Costs in Wastewater Treatment Plants

Processes ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (12) ◽  
pp. 1606
Author(s):  
Ignacio Santín ◽  
Ramon Vilanova ◽  
Carles Pedret ◽  
Marian Barbu
Keyword(s):  
Wastewater Treatment ◽  
Flow Rate ◽  
Biological Treatment ◽  
Fuzzy Controller ◽  
Wastewater Treatment Plants ◽  
Nitrate Concentration ◽  
Great Influence ◽  
Energy Costs ◽  
Recirculation Flow ◽  
Operational Costs

The internal recirculation plays an important role in different areas of the biological treatment of wastewater treatment plants because it has a great influence on the concentration of pollutants, especially nutrients. A usual manipulation of the internal recirculation flow rate is based on the target of controlling the nitrate concentration in the last anoxic tank. This work proposes an alternative for the manipulation of the internal recirculation flow rate instead of nitrate control, with the objective of avoiding limit violations of nitrogen and ammonia concentrations and reducing operational costs. A fuzzy controller is proposed to achieve it based on the effects of the internal recirculation flow rate in different areas of the biological treatment. The proposed manipulation of the internal recirculation flow rate is compared to the application of the usual nitrate control in an already established and published operation strategy by using the internationally known benchmark simulation model no. 2 as a working scenario. The results show improvements with reductions of 59.40% in ammonia limit violations, 2.35% in total nitrogen limit violations, and 38% in pumping energy costs.

Performance of activated sludge diffusion for biological treatment of hydrogen sulphide gas emissions

2013 ◽  
Vol 68 (9) ◽  
pp. 1932-1939 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vera L. Barbosa ◽  
Richard M. Stuetz
Keyword(s):  
Wastewater Treatment ◽  
Activated Sludge ◽  
Hydrogen Sulphide ◽  
Biological Treatment ◽  
Suspended Solids ◽  
Wastewater Treatment Plants ◽  
Broad Application ◽  
H2s Removal ◽  
Treatment Performance ◽  
Solids Concentration

Odours from wastewater treatment plants are comprised of a mixture of various gases with hydrogen sulphide (H2S) often being the dominant constituent. Activated sludge diffusion (ASD) as a biotreatment system for odour abatement has been conducted for over 30 years but has limited broad application due to disagreement in the literature regarding the effect that ASD may have on wastewater treatment performance. The effects of continuous H2S diffusion at 25 ppmv, with weekly peaks of approximately 100 ppmv, on H2S removal efficiency and wastewater treatment performance was evaluated over a 2-month period using an activated sludge pilot plant. H2S removal averaged 100% during diffusion at 25 ppmv, and 98.9% during the 100 ppmv peak periods. A significant increase in mixed liquor volatile suspended solids concentration (P < 0.01) was observed during H2S diffusion, which may be due to an increase in H2S-degrading microorganisms. There was no adverse effect of H2S on nitrification throughout the ASD trials. Ammonia (NH3) removal was slightly better in the test receiving H2S diffusion (87.6%) than in the control (85.4%). H2S diffusion appeared to improve robustness of the AS biomass to operational upsets.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document