scholarly journals PROPRIEDADES TECNOLÓGICAS DA MADEIRA DE EUCALIPTO SUBMETIDA AO TRATAMENTO TÉRMICO

Nativa ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 6 (5) ◽  
pp. 537
Author(s):  
Claudio Gumane Francisco Juizo ◽  
Lineia Roberta Zen ◽  
Walderson Klitzke ◽  
Morgana Cristina França ◽  
Vitor Gonçalves Cremonez ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Lignin Content ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Physical And Mechanical Properties ◽  
Heat Treatments ◽  
Modulus Of Rupture ◽  
Technological Properties ◽  
Limit Condition ◽  
Heat Treated ◽  
Eucalyptus Wood

Este trabalho teve o objetivo de avaliar as propriedades tecnológicas da madeira de Eucalyptus sp tratada termicamente. Foram utilizadas amostras de madeira previamente secas até 12% de umidade, as quais foram separadas em cinco tratamentos, sendo um testemunha e quatro condições de exposição sob elevadas temperaturas e tempo, utilizando um forno cerâmico. As amostras foram separadas para avaliação das propriedades químicas, físicas e mecânicas. Nos resultados obtidos, observou-se decréscimo do teor de extrativos totais e holoceluloses, enquanto o teor de lignina de Klason aumentou com a temperatura e tempo de exposição. Da mesma forma, os tratamentos térmicos causaram acréscimo da perda de massa e da efetiva repelência de água, com redução da massa específica aparente, taxa de absorção de água e higroscopicidade da madeira. Na resistência das peças verificou-se aumento do módulo de elasticidade (MOE) e diminuição do modulo de ruptura (MOR) com aplicação de tratamentos térmicos. Na compressão paralela verificou-se aumento do MOE e MOR nas peças tratadas, servindo de parâmetros para possibilidades de uso estrutural da madeira até ao estado limite último. A tensão de Dureza Janka decresceu com aplicação dos tratamentos térmicos limitando a utilização dos mesmos em projetos que requerem maior resistência na superfície.Palavras-chave: Temperatura, Propriedades químicas, Propriedades físicas, Propriedades mecânicas. TECHNOLOGICAL PROPERTIES OF THE EUCALYPTUS WOOD UNDER THE HEAT TREATMENT  ABSTRACT:This work aimed to evaluate the technological properties of the heat treated wood of Eucalyptus sp. Were used wood samples Pre-dried up to 12% of moisture, which were separated into five treatments, one control and four diferente exposure conditions under high temperatures and time using a ceramic kiln. The samples were separated for evaluation of chemical, physical and mechanical properties. In the obtained results there was a decrease in total extractive and holocelluloses contents, while the Klason lignin content increased with the temperature and exposure times. In the same way, the heat treatments caused an increase of the mass loss and the effective water repellency with reduction of the apparent specific gravity, rate of water absorption and hygroscopicity of the wood. In the resistance of the pieces, the modulus of elasticity (MOE) was increased and the modulus of rupture (MOR) was reduced under the heat treatments. In the Parallel compression was verified increasing of MOE and MOR of the heat treated samples, serving as parameters for possibilities of structural use of the wood up to the last limit condition. The Janka hardness tensile decreased with the application of heat treatments, limiting the use of the wood in projects that require higher surface resistance.Keywords: temperature, chemical properties, physical properties, mechanical properties.

scholarly journals EFFECT OF HYDROTHERMAL AND FREEZING TREATMENT ON THE PHYSICAL AND MECHANICAL PROPERTIES OF EUCALYPTUS WOOD

2017 ◽  
Vol 30 (4) ◽  
pp. 938-946
Author(s):  
FABIANA PAIVA DE FREITAS ◽  
ANA MÁRCIA MACEDO LADEIRA CARVALHO ◽  
ANGÉLICA DE CÁSSIA OLIVEIRA CARNEIRO ◽  
WAGNER DAVEL CANAL ◽  
RENATO VINÍCIUS OLIVEIRA CASTRO
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Eucalyptus Grandis ◽  
Physical And Mechanical Properties ◽  
Temperature Treatment ◽  
Test Body ◽  
Thermal Treatments ◽  
Technological Properties ◽  
Heat Treated ◽  
Eucalyptus Wood ◽  
Length Width

ABSTRACT Wood, in general, is a material with excellent properties; however, some features may limit its use. In this sense, various thermal treatments are emerging as alternatives to improve the technological properties of wood. In this context, this study aims at analyzing the effects of time and temperature (hydrothermal treatment and freezing) on the physical and mechanical properties of Eucalyptus grandis W. Hill ex Maiden. Three trees were selected, and only the heartwood was used to obtain the test body dimensions of 30 × 8 × 3 cm (length × width × thickness). The treatments were carried out at three temperatures of -20, 60, and 100°C, each at three exposure times (5, 10, and 15 h). Temperature treatment at -20°C was conducted in a domestic freezer, while the treatments at 60 and 100°C were administered in a Parr reactor, where the timber was submerged in water. Regardless of the exposure time, the timbers heat-treated at 100°C showed more efficiency, since this treatment unclogged the pores, reduced hygroscopicity, and promoted further darkening and uniformity of color, without changing the density and mechanical strength of the wood.

scholarly journals Selected Physical and Mechanical Properties of Microwave Heat Treated Rubberwood (Hevea brasiliensis)

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (18) ◽  
pp. 6273
Author(s):  
Aujchariya Chotikhun ◽  
Jitralada Kittijaruwattana ◽  
Emilia-Adela Salca ◽  
Salim Hiziroglu
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Heat Treatment ◽  
Electron Microscope ◽  
Dimensional Stability ◽  
Hevea Brasiliensis ◽  
Physical And Mechanical Properties ◽  
Modulus Of Rupture ◽  
Heat Treated ◽  
Temperature Levels ◽  
Microwave Heat

The objectives of this study were to evaluate some of physical and mechanical properties of rubberwood (Hevea brasiliensis) as function of microwave heat treatment process. The specimens were heat treated at three temperature levels of 150 °C, 180 °C, and 220 °C for 20 min in a small microwave oven connected to a computer. Bending characteristics, namely modulus of elasticity (MOE), modulus of rupture (MOR) as well as hardness of the samples were tested. Dimensional stability in the form of swelling and water absorption of the specimens were also determined. Based on the findings in this work it appears that microwave can be used successfully for heat treatment of rubberwood. Overall mechanical properties of the samples were adversely influenced by the treatment. MOE, MOR and hardness values of the samples treated at a temperature of 220 °C had 2.37, 3.69, and 2.12 times reduced than those of control samples, respectively. Dimensional stability of the heat treated samples as a result of 2-h and 24-h water soaking improved. Micrographs take from scanning electron microscope (SEM) and transmission electron microscope (TEM) revealed that certain amount of damage took place in the cellwall of the treated specimens. Overall discoloration on the samples due to microwave heat treatment was found insignificant.

scholarly journals Assessment of Carbonate Rocks, Western Desert of Iraq as Dimension Stones for Building

2016 ◽  
Vol 2 (7) ◽  
Author(s):  
Salih Muhammad Awadh , Linaz Anis Fadhil
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Carbonate Rocks ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Physical And Mechanical Properties ◽  
Field Work ◽  
Western Desert ◽  
Modulus Of Rupture ◽  
American Standard ◽  
Western Desert Of Iraq ◽  
Physical And Chemical

The current study aimed to assess the Carbonate rocks as dimension stones for building. Carbonate rocks collected from the Mauddud Formation (Albian- Cenomanian), within the Western Desert of Iraq are studied petrographically, mineralogically and geochemically. Physical and mechanical properties of selected samples are found to assess their suitability as building stones. Field work is carried out and evaluated sampling of three sites of carbonate rocks. Petrography and mineralogy of these rocks are studied using polarized microscope and XRD technique.Three microfacies (peloidal wackstone-packstone, peloidal packstone and crystalline carbonate) are distinguished. Dolomitization, cementation and recrystallization are themain diagenetic processaffecting the physical and chemical properties of them. Dolomite is the predominant mineral in the 1M and 2M sites, whereas calcite is the most predominant mineral in the 3M site, so it is classified as limestone. Chemically samples are analyzedfor SiO2, Al2O3, CaO, MgO, Fe2O3, Na2O, K2O, TiO2, MnO and LOI. CaO and MgO are the most predominant oxides confirming the abundance of calcite and dolomiteso it is classified as a calcitic dolomite for 1M and 2M sites while classified as limestone for 3M site. The results of analysis physical and mechanical properties (bulk density, water absorption, compressive strength, modulus of rupture and abrasion resistance) are indicate that selected rocks are suitable as dimension stones for building according to American Standard for Testing Materials (ASTM) specification.

scholarly journals PENGARUH WAKTU PERENDAMAN DALAM AIR, KADAR PATI DAN KADAR LIGNIN TERHADAP SIFAT FISIK DAN MEKANIK BAMBU AMPEL (Bambusa vulgaris Schard)

2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 39
Author(s):  
Abdurachman Abdurachman ◽  
Agus Ismanto
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Moisture Content ◽  
Immersion Time ◽  
Lignin Content ◽  
Starch Content ◽  
Physical And Mechanical Properties ◽  
Forest Products ◽  
Modulus Of Rupture ◽  
Running Water ◽  
Bambusa Vulgaris

The effect of immersion time in the water, starch and lignin content physical and mechanical properties of Ampel bamboo (Bambusa vulgaris Schard)The studied effect of immersion time in the water on physical and mechanical properties of ampel bamboo had been studied  at the Forest Products Research and Development Center Bogor. Round Bamboo of ampel species (Bambusa vulgaris Schard) a length of 50 cm was immersed in running water, stagnant and in the sludge for 7, 14, 21 and 28 days. Then the changes in starch and lignin content, physical and mechanical properties were evaluated. The physical properties studied were evaluated density and moisture content, while mechanical properties were bending and parallel tensile strength of fiber. The results showed that the media and immersion time significantly affect the density and moisture content, but did not affect the physical and mechanical properties. Increased starch content in a variety of treatments, especially on immersion in water, otherwise the lignin content decreases, causing a decrease in the nature of Modulus of Elasticity (MOE) and Modulus of Rupture (MOR). Immersion in stagnant water better than by soaking in the mud and in running water.Keywords: Bambusa vulgaris Schard,  media, immersion time, physical and mechanical properties ABSTRAKPenelitian pengaruh waktu perendaman dalam air terhadap sifat fisik dan mekanik bambu ampel (bambusa vulgaris) telah dilakukan di Pusat Penelitian dan Pengembangan Hasil Hutan Bogor. Bambu bulat berukuran panjang 50 cm direndam dalam air mengalir, tergenang dan lumpur selama 7, 14, 21 dan 28 hari, kemudian diamati perubahan kadar pati,diuji sifat fisik dan mekaniknya. Sifat fisik yang diteliti adalah kerapatan dan kadar air, sedangkan sifat mekanik adalah keteguhan lentur dan tarik sejajar serat. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa media dan waktu rendaman berpengaruh nyata terhadap kerapatan dan kadar air, tetapi tidak berpengaruh terhadap sifat fisis dan mekanis bambu yang diteliti. Kadar pati meningkat pada berbagai perlakuan terutama pada rendaman dalam air mengalir, sebaliknya kandungan lignin menurun sehingga menyebabkan penurunan sifat Modulus elastisitas (MOE) dan keteguhan lentur maksimum (MOR). Perendaman dalam air tergenang lebih baik dibandingkan dengan cara perendaman dalam lumpur maupun dalam air mengalir.Kata kunci : Bambusa vulgaris Schard, media, waktu perendaman, sifat fisis dan mekanis

Impact of Chemical Modification on the Physical and Mechanical Properties of Tropical Wood Material

2012 ◽  
Vol 576 ◽  
pp. 314-317
Author(s):  
Sinin Hamdan ◽  
M. Saiful Islam
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Diazonium Salt ◽  
Treated Wood ◽  
Coupling Reaction ◽  
Physical And Mechanical Properties ◽  
Modulus Of Rupture ◽  
Ft Ir ◽  
Ir Analysis ◽  
D Values ◽  
Benzene Diazonium

Five types of selected tropical light hardwoods were chemically modified with benzene diazonium salt to improve their physical and mechanical properties. Benzene diazonium salt underwent a coupling reaction with wood which was confirmed through FT-IR analysis. The compressive modulus of the treated wood increased, whereas modulus of rupture was shown to decrease on treatment. The modified wood samples had higher hardness (Shore D) values compared to that of the control ones.

scholarly journals Composites from Thermoplastic Natural Rubber Reinforced Rubberwood Sawdust: Effects of Sawdust Size and Content on Thermal, Physical, and Mechanical Properties

2018 ◽  
Vol 2018 ◽  
pp. 1-11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chatree Homkhiew ◽  
Surasit Rawangwong ◽  
Worapong Boonchouytan ◽  
Wiriya Thongruang ◽  
Thanate Ratanawilai
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Tensile Strength ◽  
Natural Rubber ◽  
High Density Polyethylene ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Physical And Mechanical Properties ◽  
Modulus Of Rupture ◽  
Shore Hardness ◽  
Thermoplastic Natural Rubber ◽  
Plastic Content

The aim of this work is to investigate the effects of rubberwood sawdust (RWS) size and content as well as the ratio of natural rubber (NR)/high-density polyethylene (HDPE) blend on properties of RWS reinforced thermoplastic natural rubber (TPNR) composites. The addition of RWS about 30–50 wt% improved the modulus of the rupture and tensile strength of TPNR composites blending with NR/HDPE ratios of 60/40 and 50/50. TPNR composites reinforced with RWS 80 mesh yielded better tensile strength and modulus of rupture than the composites with RWS 40 mesh. The TPNR/RWS composites with larger HDPE content gave higher tensile, flexural, and Shore hardness properties and thermal stability as well as lower water absorption. The TPNR/RWS composites with larger plastic content were therefore suggested for applications requiring high performance of thermal, physical, and mechanical properties.

Characterization of particleboard made from oil heat-treated rubberwood particles at different mixing ratios

BioResources ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 15 (3) ◽  
pp. 6795-6810
Author(s):  
Nurul Fatiha Osman ◽  
Paimon Bawon ◽  
Seng Hua Lee ◽  
Pakhriazad Hassan Zaki ◽  
Syeed SaifulAzry Osman Al-Eldrus ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Oil Content ◽  
Urea Formaldehyde ◽  
Physical And Mechanical Properties ◽  
Thermal Characterization ◽  
High Dimensional ◽  
Mixing Ratios ◽  
Uf Resin ◽  
Heat Treated

Particleboard was produced by mixing oil heat-treated rubberwood particles at different ratios, with the goal of achieving high dimensional stability. Rubberwood particles were soaked in palm oil for 2 h and heat treated at 200 °C for 2 h. The treated particles were soaked in boiling water for 30 min to remove oil and were tested for chemical alteration and thermal characterization via Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy and thermogravimetric analysis. Particleboard was fabricated by mixing treated rubberwood particles (30%, 50%, and 70%) with untreated particles (70%, 50%, and 30%, respective to previous percentages) and bonded with urea-formaldehyde (UF) resin. The results revealed that oil-heat treated particles had greater thermal stability than the untreated particles. The addition of oil heat treated particles improved the physical properties of the particleboard with no significant reduction in mechanical strength. However, this was only valid for ratios of 70% untreated to 30% treated and 50% untreated to 50% treated. When a ratio of 70% oil heat treated particles was used, both the physical and mechanical properties were reduced drastically, due to bonding interference caused by excessive oil content. Particleboard made with a ratio of 5:5 (treated to untreated) exhibited the best physical and mechanical properties.

scholarly journals EFFECT OF THERMO-MECHANICAL TREATMENT ON PROPERTIES OF PARICA PLYWOODS (Schizolobium amazonicum Huber ex Ducke)

2017 ◽  
Vol 41 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mírian de Almeida Costa ◽  
Cláudio Henrique Soares Del Menezzi
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Mechanical Treatment ◽  
Physical And Mechanical Properties ◽  
The Other ◽  
Modulus Of Rupture ◽  
Thermal Treatments ◽  
Mechanical Compression ◽  
Specific Mass ◽  
Thermo Mechanical Treatment ◽  
Temperature And Pressure

ABSTRACT Thermo-mechanical treatment is a technique for wood modification in which samples are densified by means of heat and mechanical compression, applied perpendicularly to fibers, which under different combinations of time, temperature, and pressure increases wood density and thus improve some of its properties. This study aimed to treat thermo-mechanically parica plywood and observe the effects on its physical and mechanical properties. Specimens were submitted to two treatments, 120 and 150 ºC, remaining under pressure for seven minutes and, subsequently, under zero pressure for 15 minutes. Results showed a significant increase in specific mass from 0.48 g cm-3 to an average of 0.56 g cm-3, and a compression ratio of about 31.7% on average. Physical properties also varied significantly and results showed that treated samples swelled and absorbed more water than those untreated, leading to a greater thickness non-return rate. This indicates the proposed thermal treatments did not release the internal compressive stress generated during panel pressing, not improving its dimensional stability as a result. On the other hand, mechanical properties were positively affected, leading to an increase of 27.5% and 51.8% in modulus of rupture after treatments at 120 and 150 ºC, respectively. Modulus of elasticity and glue-line shear strength did not vary statistically and Janka hardness was 29.7% higher after treatment at 150 ºC.

scholarly journals Electron Beam Melting of Ti-6Al-4V Lattice Structures; Correlation between Post Heat Treatment and Mechanical Properties

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Giuseppe Del Guercio ◽  
Manuela Galati ◽  
Abdollah Saboori
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Heat Treatment ◽  
Computer Aided Design ◽  
Mechanical Performance ◽  
Industrial Applications ◽  
Heat Treatments ◽  
Layer By Layer ◽  
Lattice Structures ◽  
Heat Treated ◽  
Aided Design

Abstract Additive Manufacturing processes are considered advanced manufacturing methods. It would be possible to produce complex shape components from a Computer-Aided Design model in a layer-by-layer manner. Lattice structures as one of the complex geometries could attract lots of attention for both medical and industrial applications. In these structures, besides cell size and cell type, the microstructure of lattice structures can play a key role in these structures' mechanical performance. On the other hand, heat treatment has a significant influence on the mechanical properties of the material. Therefore, in this work, the effect of the heat treatments on the microstructure and mechanical behaviour of Ti-6Al-4V lattice structures manufactured by EBM was analyzed. The main mechanical properties were compared with the Ashby and Gibson model. It is very interesting to notice that a more homogeneous failure mode was found for the heat-treated samples. The structures' relative density was the main factor influencing their mechanical performance of the heat-treated samples. It is also found that the heat treatments were able to preserve the stiffness and the compressive strength of the lattice structures. Besides, an increment of both the elongation at failure and the absorbed energy was obtained after the heat treatments. Microstructure analysis of the heat-treated samples confirms the increment of ductility of the heat-treated samples with respect to the as-built one.

scholarly journals SIFAT FISIK DAN MEKANIK KAYU SALAM (Syzygium polyanthum (Wight)Walp.) BERDASARKAN POSISI KETINGGIAN PADA BATANG

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
. Erma ◽  
Fadiilah H Usman ◽  
. Muflihati
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Moisture Content ◽  
Physical And Mechanical Properties ◽  
Modulus Of Rupture ◽  
Average Height ◽  
Class Iii ◽  
Lightweight Construction ◽  
Brown Colour ◽  
Wood Demand ◽  
Selection Of

Physical and mechanical properties of wood is one of the basic properties that need to be known in the selection of wood, because the physical and mechanical properties of wood are not the same height on the stem. Increased wood demand gives the opportunity to use wood that is not yet known for its marketing, one of which is Salam wood (Syzygium polianthum (Wight) Walp). The purpose of this research was to determine the physical and mechanical properties of Salam wood based on the height of the stem so that Salam wood can be optimally utilized by testing based on Classification SNI – 5 PKKI 1961. Methods of making test and test examples based on British Standard Methods No. 373-1957. The results showed that Salam wood has physical properties with an average  brown colour, the moisture content 3,13 % , density  0,58 kg/cm2 , Depreciation 2,59 %. Salam has mechanical properties with an average height position stem from base to tip with Modulus of Elastiscity (MOE)  97.701,54 , Modulus of Rupture (MOR) 659,18  and  Modulus Crushing  Streang 342,86 . Salam can be classified into strong class III and based on its properties and mechanics, it is suitable for use as a lightweight construction and furniture.Keywords: Density, depreciation, MCS, MOE, moisture content, MOR

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