scholarly journals العلاقة بين الأسلوبية والبلاغة بين القديم والحديث: دراسة وصفية تطبيقية (The relations between stylistics and eloquence in the past and modern era: A Descriptive and Practical Study)

1970 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
آفرين زارع (Evren Zari')
Keyword(s):  
Rhetorical Analysis ◽  
Close Relation ◽  
Stylistic Analysis ◽  
Literary Study ◽  
Literature Analysis ◽  
The Past ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Modern Era ◽  
European Product ◽  
Held Back

ملخص البحث   الأسلوبية فرع من اللسانيات ووليدة علم اللغة، تغذت من البلاغة القديمة وعلی خلاف زعم بعض الباحثين الغربيين الذين يعدون الأسلوبية وليدة الغرب وأوروبا، يری الباحثون العرب جذورها في البلاغة القديمة وعلم اللغة، والنقد الأدبي، ولکن کانت هذه المعلومات منزوية عبر السنوات السابقة حتی تطورت بتطورعلم اللغة الحديث، وانضمت هذه العلوم تحت لوائها وتوسعت مداها، ولم تکتف بهذه العلوم، بل تطرقت إلی علوم أخری نحو علم الاجتماع وعلم النفس وغيرهما. هذه المقالة تختار علم البلاغة من بين العلوم المرتبطة بالأسلوبية، وتبحث عن وجوه التشابه والخلاف بينهما حتی تکشف عن العلاقات الوطيدة بينهما عبر الدراسات التطبيقية، والتحليل الأدبي في سورة طه، وتتناول مدی فاعلية التحليل البلاغي والتحليل الأسلوبي في کشف أسرار القرآن الکريم. إن من أهم النتائج التي توصلت إليها المقالة هذه هي: أن للبلاغة دورها في التحليل الأدبي لکنها قصيرة اليد ضيقة المجال مقارنة بالأسلوبية التي يکون نطاقها أوسع، وتعتبر البلاغة فرعا لها.  الكلمات المفتاحية:الأسلوبية-البلاغة-التشابه-الاختلاف-الدراسات التطبيقيةAbstractStylistics is a branch from linguistics and an outcome of linguistics. It comes from the classic rhetoric despite the claim of some of the western researches that it was a o Western and European product. On the contrary, Arab researchers viewed it as an offshoot of the classic rhetoric, linguistics and traditional criticism. But this view was held back since years ago until it developed with the progress of contemporary linguistics flourishing itself under those banners. It further consolidated with other disciplines such as psycholinguistic  and sociolinguistic, to name a few. This article chooses rhetoric from among the disciplines related to stylistics among other knowledge that has a link with stylistics, and it discovers the similarities. It endeavors to uncover the differences between them to establish the close relation between the two through applied studies, literary study of surah taha. It discusses about the impact of rhetorical analysis and stylistic analysis in uncovering the secrets of the Al-Qur’an Al-kareem. Among the most important results that has been discovered in this article are: Rhetoric has a role in literature analysis but it is narrow and restricted compared to stylistics which has a wider range with the inclusion of rhetoric as one of its branch.Keywords: Stylistics - Rhetoric - Similarities - Differences – Applied Studies.AbstrakGayabahasa adalah satu cabang linguistik yang dijana retorik lama, tidak seperti yang dikatakan oleh sesetengah pengkaji barat yang menganggap bahawa gayabahasa (stailistik) lahir dari barat dan Eropah. Para pengkaji Arab berpendapat bahawa akar umbinya berasal daripada retorik lama, liuguistik dan kritikan sastera.  Namun, maklumat ini terpendam bertahun-tahun yang lalu sehinggalah ia berkembang sejajar dengan perkembangan linguistik moden yang mana kesemua cabang ilmu ini bergabung lalu berkembang di bawahnya, bukan setakat itu sahaja,  malah ia juga telah mencakupi bidang lain seperti sosiologi psikologi dan sebagainya.  Artikel ini memilih bidang retorik daripada lain-lain bidang berkaitan stailistik, akan mencari persamaan dan perbezaan seterusnya hubungan kuat antara keduanya melalui kajian –kajian aplikasi dan analisa kesusasteraan dalam surah Ţāhā.Ia juga akan melihat tahap keberkesanan analisa retorik dan stailistik dalam mencari rahsia-rahsia al-Qur’ān.  Antara dapatan penting kajian ialah: sungguhnpun retorik memainkan peranan dalam analisa kesusasteraan, skopnya adalah lebih kecil berbanding stailistik yang lebih luas. Dengan itu retorik dianggap sebagai salah satu cabang stailistik.Kata kunci: Stailistik – retorik - persamaan – perbezaan – kajian aplikasi 

Wajah Bengis Hukum Islam dalam Tafsir Kaum Muslim Radikal

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 107-125
Author(s):  
M. Farid Zaini
Keyword(s):  
Islamic Law ◽  
Local Context ◽  
Literary Study ◽  
Human Beings ◽  
The Past ◽  
Islamic Faith ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Religious Understanding

This paper is a form of literary study of Islamic law related to the interpretation of truth from two groups, namely Radical Muslims and Moderate Muslims. Radical Muslims construct narratives of "imagined Islam", both as a mythology of the past and a future utopia. They are aggressive and speak out loud in expressing their religious understanding, so that the impact becomes acts of violence and terror. In contrast to moderate Muslims, with a narrative of harmony that Islam is compromised with the local context of society, with the aim of realizing God's mercy and compassion for all human beings. The nature of compassion and moderation which are the basic values ​​of Islamic law must always be fought for against other Muslim groups who have violent and fierce faces. Furthermore, this paper wants to reveal the point of issue which is the source of interpretation between moderates and radicals in defining the meaning of "the truth of the Islamic faith" in applying God's laws on earth.

Contemporary Thai Buddhism

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rachelle M. Scott
Keyword(s):  
Nation Building ◽  
The Past ◽  
National Boundaries ◽  
European Colonialism ◽  
Building Project ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Modern Era

This chapter examines the diversity of Buddhist thought and practice in the modern nation of Thailand. The national boundaries that mark the separation between Thailand and the countries of Burma, Malaysia, Laos, and Cambodia are products of the modern era and European colonialism. Contemporary Thai Buddhist traditions reflect the fluid borders of the past, while also demonstrating the impact of modern processes of religious centralization and globalization. Part of the centralization and nation-building project of the modern Thai state involved a process of homogenization—or, to be more precise, Siamification (asserting the power of Bangkok culture and authority over other regions and traditions), but the diversity that typified the pre-modern era continues to exist in the contemporary age, albeit in different ways. This chapter begins with an examination of pre-modern diversity in order to demonstrate how contemporary Thai traditions both reflect and diverge from its varied past.

scholarly journals Fenomena Pungli dan Patologi Birokrasi

2020 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Muhammad Hasyem ◽  
Ferizaldi Ferizaldi
Keyword(s):  
The Past ◽  
Widespread Phenomenon ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Modern Era ◽  
As If

Extortion is an illegal levy or request for payment of an amount of money that is not appropriate or is not based on the prevailing laws. The root of and the widespread phenomenon of extortion in Indonesia is a form of legacy of the past, from the era of feudalism to the present modern era. The various forms, types, patterns, and colors of the extortion phenomenon have been entrenched as if they are normal, legal, lawful, permissible, and customary. The impact is that free extortion is carried out in society because the community views it as something normal, what it is, it has always been so, and even someone becomes alienated if they do not give tips/rewards for receiving a service. Sometimes someone also feels ashamed for not giving tips as a result of offering something or offering bribes or rewards so that it is facilitated, prioritized, privileged and other things to be served quickly. History records that the long phenomenon of corruption is increasingly rampant and increasingly difficult to detect in various cases in different time and space.AbstrakPungli atau pungutan liar adalah permintaan pembayaran sejumlah uang yang tidak sesuai atau tidak berdasarkan perundang-undangan yang berlaku/sah. Berakarnya dan merebaknya fenomena pungli di Indonesia adalah salah satu bentuk warisan atau peninggalan masa silam, dari masa feodalisme hingga masa modern sekarang ini. Berbagai bentuk, ragam, corak, dan warna fenomena pungli telah membudaya dimana seakan-akan hal tersebut adalah hal biasa, sah, resmi, halal, legal, diperbolehkan, dan dibiasakan. Dampaknya pungli bebas dilakukan dalam masyarakat dikarenakan masyarakat memandang sebagai sesuatu yang wajar, apa adanya, memang demikian dari dahulu, bahkan seseorang menjadi terasing bila tidak memberikan tip/imbalan setiap menerima suatu pelayanan. Terkadang seseorang juga timbul rasa malu karena tidak memberikan uang tip (uang pelicin, uang rokok, atau uang minum) akibat menyodorkan sesuatu atau menawarkan sogokan atau imbalan agar dipermudah, didahulukan, diistimewakan dan hal-hal lain agar dilayani dengan cepat. Sejarah mencatat bahwa fenomena panjang korupsi semakin merajalela dan semakin sulit terdeteksi di berbagai kasus dalam ruang dan waktu yang berbeda pula.

scholarly journals Bioethics for Biotechnologists: From Dolly to CRISPR

2017 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
D. Caballero-Hernandez ◽  
C. Rodríguez-Padilla ◽  
S. Lozano-Muñiz
Keyword(s):  
Technological Advance ◽  
Human Society ◽  
Human Beings ◽  
The Past ◽  
Moral Importance ◽  
Future Society ◽  
Bioethical Issues ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Modern Era ◽  
Important Shift

AbstractBioethics, as a discipline, has developed mainly, but not exclusively, around themes of moral importance for the medical practice, such as abortion and euthanasia, a never ending discussion that has been shaped by social mores and influenced by scientific and technological advance. However, in the past 20 years an important shift has been taking place, one where bioethical issues and their discussion are starting to being driven by the so-called emerging biotechnologies, from cloning to genome sequencing and editing. If Bioethics is concerned with human beings, and their interaction with other living beings and the environment, it makes sense for Biotechnology, by definition the use of living systems or organisms to develop products, to become an important, if not the most important, source of bioethical conflicts in modern era and for future society. As Biotechnology keeps expanding and becomes entangled in everyday life, so does the need for ethical competent biotechnologists, with competencies built not only on ethical principles but also on a realistic grasp of the impact these technologies could have on human society and the world we inhabit.

scholarly journals The Survival of Andalusi Artistic Formulas in the Time of Hernan Ruiz I

Arts ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (3) ◽  
pp. 37
Author(s):  
Ángeles Jordano
Keyword(s):  
Middle Ages ◽  
Important Change ◽  
Architectural Style ◽  
The Past ◽  
Master Builder ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Modern Era ◽  
The Middle Ages

In the transition from the Middle Ages to the Modern Era, Hernan Ruiz I worked as master builder of the Cathedral of Cordoba. His works exemplify the adoption of an artistic language resulting from the symbiosis of Gothic, Renaissance and Islamic formulas. In this paper, we demonstrate the imprint of the Andalusi aesthetic in this master’s work. Through an analysis of his building works and the evolution of his style, we show that Hernan Ruiz I’s legacy is more important than what historiography has previously suggested, which has only addressed the transition in his architectural style from Gothic to Renaissance and has overlooked the impact of Andalusi formulas in his work. Hernan Ruiz I bore witness to an important change in the mentality and aesthetic tastes of his time, and although his son, Hernan Ruiz II, gained greater recognition for his work, his father was able to adapt a church model imbued with the medieval spirit to the demands of the new patrons, namely the nobility and high clergy. These clients imposed their tastes, which were anchored in the past, but were open to new Renaissance influences due to their humanistic training and, at the same time, attracted by the exoticism and prestige of Andalusi art.

Fluorescent potentiometric dyes for membrane-potential imaging

1994 ◽  
Vol 52 ◽  
pp. 166-167
Author(s):  
Leslie M. Loew
Keyword(s):  
Membrane Potential ◽  
Single Cells ◽  
Quantitative Imaging ◽  
Optical Recording ◽  
Biological Processes ◽  
Major Focus ◽  
The Past ◽  
Excitable Systems ◽  
Major Application ◽  
The Impact

A major application of potentiometric dyes has been the multisite optical recording of electrical activity in excitable systems. After being championed by L.B. Cohen and his colleagues for the past 20 years, the impact of this technology is rapidly being felt and is spreading to an increasing number of neuroscience laboratories. A second class of experiments involves using dyes to image membrane potential distributions in single cells by digital imaging microscopy - a major focus of this lab. These studies usually do not require the temporal resolution of multisite optical recording, being primarily focussed on slow cell biological processes, and therefore can achieve much higher spatial resolution. We have developed 2 methods for quantitative imaging of membrane potential. One method uses dual wavelength imaging of membrane-staining dyes and the other uses quantitative 3D imaging of a fluorescent lipophilic cation; the dyes used in each case were synthesized for this purpose in this laboratory.

Perceived Burden of Informal Caregivers of a Chronically Ill Older Family Member

GeroPsych ◽  
2011 ◽  
Vol 24 (3) ◽  
pp. 143-154 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elmar Gräßel ◽  
Raffaela Adabbo
Keyword(s):  
Family Member ◽  
Informal Caregiver ◽  
Chronically Ill ◽  
Stress Model ◽  
The Past ◽  
Perceived Burden ◽  
Hypothetical Construct ◽  
Care Situation ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Further Development

The burden of caregivers has been intensively researched for the past 30 years and has resulted in a multitude of individual findings. This review illustrates the significance of the hypothetical construct of perceived burden for the further development and design of the homecare situation. Following explanations regarding the term informal caregiver, we derive the construct burden from its conceptual association with the transactional stress model of Lazarus and Folkman. Once the extent and characteristics of burden have been set forth, we then present the impact of perceived burden as the care situation. The question of predictors of burden will lead into the last section from which implications can be derived for homecare and relief of caregivers.

Soziale Disziplinierung im flexiblen Kapitalismus

2004 ◽  
Vol 34 (136) ◽  
pp. 339-356
Author(s):  
Tobias Wölfle ◽  
Oliver Schöller
Keyword(s):  
Social Welfare ◽  
Second Step ◽  
Social Rights ◽  
Federal Law ◽  
Capitalist Development ◽  
The Core ◽  
The Past ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Municipal Level

Under the term “Hilfe zur Arbeit” (aid for work) the federal law of social welfare subsumes all kinds of labour disciplining instruments. First, the paper shows the historical connection of welfare and labour disciplining mechanisms in the context of different periods within capitalist development. In a second step, against the background of historical experiences, we will analyse the trends of “Hilfe zur Arbeit” during the past two decades. It will be shown that by the rise of unemployment, the impact of labour disciplining aspects of “Hilfe zur Arbeit” has increased both on the federal and on the municipal level. For this reason the leverage of the liberal paradigm would take place even in the core of social rights.

Regulatory and sustainability initiatives lead to improved polyaminopolyamide epichlorohydrin (PAE) wet-strength resins and paper products

TAPPI Journal ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 17 (09) ◽  
pp. 519-532 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mark Crisp ◽  
Richard Riehle
Keyword(s):  
Health And Safety ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Worker Safety ◽  
Regulatory Requirements ◽  
Wet Strength ◽  
The Past ◽  
Consumer Safety ◽  
Federal Institute ◽  
Sustainability Initiatives ◽  
The Impact

Polyaminopolyamide-epichlorohydrin (PAE) resins are the predominant commercial products used to manufacture wet-strengthened paper products for grades requiring wet-strength permanence. Since their development in the late 1950s, the first generation (G1) resins have proven to be one of the most cost-effective technologies available to provide wet strength to paper. Throughout the past three decades, regulatory directives and sustainability initiatives from various organizations have driven the development of cleaner and safer PAE resins and paper products. Early efforts in this area focused on improving worker safety and reducing the impact of PAE resins on the environment. These efforts led to the development of resins containing significantly reduced levels of 1,3-dichloro-2-propanol (1,3-DCP) and 3-monochloropropane-1,2-diol (3-MCPD), potentially carcinogenic byproducts formed during the manufacturing process of PAE resins. As the levels of these byproducts decreased, the environmental, health, and safety (EH&S) profile of PAE resins and paper products improved. Recent initiatives from major retailers are focusing on product ingredient transparency and quality, thus encouraging the development of safer product formulations while maintaining performance. PAE resin research over the past 20 years has been directed toward regulatory requirements to improve consumer safety and minimize exposure to potentially carcinogenic materials found in various paper products. One of the best known regulatory requirements is the recommendations of the German Federal Institute for Risk Assessment (BfR), which defines the levels of 1,3-DCP and 3-MCPD that can be extracted by water from various food contact grades of paper. These criteria led to the development of third generation (G3) products that contain very low levels of 1,3-DCP (typically <10 parts per million in the as-received/delivered resin). This paper outlines the PAE resin chemical contributors to adsorbable organic halogens and 3-MCPD in paper and provides recommendations for the use of each PAE resin product generation (G1, G1.5, G2, G2.5, and G3).

Overseas Development Administration. A Guide to Social Analysis for Projects in Developing Countries. London: HMSO. 1995. viii+248 pages. Hardbound. £18.95.

1996 ◽  
Vol 35 (2) ◽  
pp. 189-190
Author(s):  
Mir Annice Mahmood
Keyword(s):  
Developing Countries ◽  
Social Change ◽  
Practical Experience ◽  
Development Projects ◽  
Social Analysis ◽  
Economic Perspective ◽  
Human Environment ◽  
The Past ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Overseas Development

This book, hereinafter referred to as the Guide, has been developed for those social analysts (e.g., anthropologists, sociologists, and human geographers) who have had little or no practical experience in applying their knowledge as development practitioners. In the past, development projects would be analysed from a narrow financial and economic perspective. But with the evolution of thinking on development, this narrow financial and economic aspect has now been broadened to include the impact on society as the very meaning of development has now come to symbolise social change. Thus, development is not restricted only to plans and figures; the human environment in its entirety is now considered for analysis while designing and implementing development projects.

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