scholarly journals Problems and perspectives for the use of human resources potential of agricultural enterprises

2018 ◽  
pp. 44-51
Author(s):  
Iryna Romaniuk ◽  
Ludmila Levaieva
Keyword(s):  
Labor Market ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Economic Activity ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
International Labor Organization ◽  
Resource Potential ◽  
Labor Resource ◽  
Level Of Education ◽  
Stage Of Development ◽  
Labor Resources

The subject of the research is a set of socio-economic relations regarding problems and perspectives of labor resource potential of agrarian enterprises. The purpose of the work is to identify the main problems of population reproduction at the present stage of development of rural areas of Ukraine, employment in general and economically active population, in particular, assessing the scope of informal employment and justifying on this basis the prospects for improving the labor resource potential of agrarian enterprises and managing them. Methodological basis of the article became statistical and mathematical methods of research: absolute and relative values, index, statistical groupings, series of dynamics. The International Labor Organization (ILO) methodology was used to assess employment and unemployment among the main sex and age groups of the population. Results of work. An important condition for successful work of agrarian enterprises and ensuring their productive and resource potential is the security and continuity of their employees. Management of labor resources is one of the main areas of economic activity in agrarian enterprises, the purpose of which is to identify new ones and increase existing sources and reserves for increasing the efficiency of production by increasing its volume with increasing productivity and better use of wages. The urgency of the research of labor resources of agrarian enterprises and their practical solution is compounded by the need to increase employment and reduce unemployment of rural residents, stabilize the labor market in the countryside, stop the depopulation of rural population, and preserve the settlement network of rural areas. The field of application of results. Research results can be used in the activity of agrarian enterprises in order to create new competitive advantages, increase the efficiency of labor resource use and strengthen its competitive position in the market. Conclusions. As in most developed countries, there is a direct correlation between the level of education and the level of economic activity in Ukraine: the higher the level of education, the higher the level of economic activity, the lower the level of education, the greater the gap in the levels of economic activity of rural and urban populations. Formation of effective production-resource potential in agrarian enterprises of Ukraine is possible through the implementation of such a personnel policy, which involves planning of staffing needs, effective use of employees (training, staff development), the use of material incentives and socially oriented motivational mechanisms. A significant reduction in the number of employed rural populations leads to high risks of poverty, vulnerability and social exclusion, which has contributed to the creation of an extremely negative trend in the labor market. To survive under such difficult conditions, the peasants who previously earned funds from collective farms and state farms were forced to engage in growing products for sale or exchange in a personal farm, or to go to work abroad or to Ukrainian cities where the situation on the labor market was more favorable. Only a small percentage of the peasants managed to establish farms, such as those operating in developed countries.

scholarly journals Analysis of the impact of the relief on the soil structure in Smolensk region

2021 ◽  
Vol 27 (4) ◽  
pp. 33-46
Author(s):  
Tamara Vatlina ◽  
Sergey Evdokimov
Keyword(s):  
Rural Areas ◽  
Soil Types ◽  
Resource Potential ◽  
Main Research ◽  
Stage Of Development ◽  
Object Of Study ◽  
Modern Geography ◽  
Main Research Topic ◽  
Methodological Aspects ◽  
The Impact

The main research topic is the theoretical justification of integrated regionalization of rural areas to optimize the use of natural agro-potential by developing conceptual frameworks and new methodological approaches to assessing the effectiveness of its use and determining environmentally and economically options for the interaction of natural and production-territorial systems. The problem of creating a theoretical (conceptual) model of integrated regionalization of rural areas using modern geographical methods and GIS technologies to optimize the use of natural agro-resource potential is arisen. The object of study is the natural agropotential of Smolensk region. Considering the complexity character of research we used the model area. The aim of the study is to assess the relationship of the spatial soil’s distribution and relief. For this aim, the model area on the territory of Smolensk region was chosen, digital model was created and analyzed. The research results have independent scientific interest and optimize the using of the natural agro-resource potential. The development of theoretical and methodological aspects of agricultural zoning is the most current problem of modern geography. The solution to this problem is necessary to develop recommendations for agricultural management. At the present stage of development of agriculture in Russia with extremely limited material, labor and financial resources, overcoming of the agrarian crisis will be possible on the basis of more efficient using of the natural potential of the territory. For the first time, the correlation of the spatial distribution of soil cover depending on the relief was studied using the model area of Smolensk region. The series of diagrams with the distribution of soil types by height, the distribution of the prevailing soil types on the slopes of different exposures, distribution of the prevailing soil types on the slopes of different angles have been constructed.

Expatriates at the base-of-the-pyramid. Precarious employment or fortune in a foreign land?

2021 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽  
Author(s):  
Dirk Holtbrügge
Keyword(s):  
Labor Market ◽  
Social Comparison ◽  
United Arab Emirates ◽  
Corporate Culture ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Social Inclusion ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Base Of The Pyramid ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Tourism And Hospitality

PurposeInternational human resource management research has only recently started to recognize the many millions of people who engage with the international labor market as low-skilled self-initiated expatriates. In contrast to company-assigned expatriates, they predominantly come from less-developed countries (often from rural areas) and independently decide to pursue an international career. The aim of this study is apply an expatriate-centered perspective and explore how expatriates at the base of the pyramid perceive the conditions of their international employment.Design/methodology/approachThe paper is based on a qualitative study among self-initiated expatriates in the tourism and hospitality industry in the United Arab Emirates (UAE).FindingsTwo theoretical categories that reflect the evaluation of expatriate employment were identified, namely the social comparison with friends and family who stayed at home as well as with other expatriates and locals and the temporal comparison to the situation before the expatriation and the prospective situation after the expatriation. Both categories largely differ from the concepts and categories prevalent in the expatriate literature.Research limitations/implicationsThe study contributes to the understanding of the temporal and transitory dimensions of expatriation, which have been barely addressed in the academic literature. It shows that self-initiated expatriation often represents a break in the professional and personal biography. It is less perceived as linear continuation of a steadily advancing career path than a restart or springboard to the future. The results are situated in the tourism and hospitality sector in the UAE and cannot be generalized to other countries and industries.Practical implicationsThe study emphasizes the relevance of social inclusion, equal opportunities, a safe work environment and a relaxed corporate culture for expatriates at the base of the pyramid.Originality/valueWhile research about self-initiated expatriates usually compares them with company-backed assignees, this comparison is not salient in the narratives of the interviewees in this study. Instead, low-skilled self-initiated expatriates predominately compare their current foreign assignment with the situation in their home country. This social comparison reflects their perceived reality of life better than a fictional comparison with highly skilled and company-assigned expatriates that is prevalent in the academic expatriation literature. By emphasizing an expatriate-centered perspective, the study supports and extends Piore's (1979) application of segmented labor market theory.

scholarly journals Natural Resource Potential of Industrial Development of The Tashkent Economic District

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 111-118
Author(s):  
Mamatkodir I. Nazarov ◽  
Bekzod B. Rakhmanov ◽  
Sergey L. Yanchuk ◽  
Shuxrat B. Kurbanov ◽  
Saida K. Tashtayeva ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Natural Resources ◽  
Natural Resource ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Industrial Production ◽  
Industrial Development ◽  
Material Balance ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Resource Potential ◽  
Sectoral Structure

The key factors in the production development and location, including industrial production, in any region, are the territorial structure of natural resources and the level of production infrastructure development. At present, the industry is one of the leading sectors of the developed countries' economy. Therefore, the Government of Uzbekistan, from the first days of state independence, prioritises the industry development, its modernisation and diversification when reforming the national economy. Due to this, over the past ten years, the industrial production share in the country's GDP has grown significantly and amounts to almost 1/3 of it. However, the participation of regions in gross industrial output is very uneven, and a number of them, in the presence of high natural resource potential, still retain agricultural specialisation. The paper presents an economic and geographical analysis of natural resources as a factor of industrial development in the Tashkent economic district. The general characteristic of mineral and raw material balance of the Tashkent region in the context of administrative districts (rural areas) is given. The paper describes the current development state of the territorial and sectoral structure of the Tashkent region and Tashkent city. The study analyses reserves and the involvement level of mineral resources in the context of administrative districts. The authors of this paper considered the issues and prospects of territorial and sectoral structure establishment and development in Tashkent economic district industry.

scholarly journals Impact of COVID-19 quarantine restrictions on labor market and rural employment

Ekonomika APK ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 318 (4) ◽  
pp. 51-67
Author(s):  
Oleksii Mohylnyi ◽  
Nataliia Patyka ◽  
Olena Hryschenko
Keyword(s):  
Labor Market ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Economic Activity ◽  
Rural Population ◽  
The State ◽  
Employment Service ◽  
Rural Labor ◽  
Rural Employment ◽  
State Employment ◽  
The Impact

The purpose of the article is to assess the impact of restrictive quarantine measures in 2020-2021 related to the spread of the COVID-19 pandemic on the rural labor market, the level of employment and the extent of rural poverty. Research methods. The basis for the study were general scientific and economic methods, creative heritage of the classical political economy founders, publications of Ukrainian scientists on the impact of quarantine restrictions related to the spread of the COVID-19 pandemic, on social and labor relations in rural areas, regulations, data from the State Statistics Service of Ukraine and the State Employment Service, Internet resources and other sources. The monographic approach was used in the analysis of the employment rate dynamics of the rural population, changes in the labor market and the scale of poverty caused by the lockdowns introduction in 2020-2021. Normative and positive approaches are used to highlight the labor potential of rural areas and opportunities for its implementation in a pandemic. A number of abstract-logical techniques allowed formulating intermediate and final conclusions and proposals. Research results. The phenomenon of the category "labor" as a process of conscious and purposeful activity on the transformation of natural and economic factors of production in order to meet human needs is considered. The institutional preconditions of spatial differences in the concentration of jobs in rural and urban areas and the deepening of inequality in their development are highlighted. Changes caused by a number of restrictions on economic activity in order to prevent the spread of the COVID-19 pandemic in Ukraine are analyzed, in the field of the rural population employment by age groups, employment status, unemployment among working-age people, the number of employees who received unemployment status, as well as the workload per vacancy registered with the State Employment Service, the dynamics of its provision of services to rural residents. Public opinion that in the employment and rural labor market due to non-compliance with quarantine restrictions on economic activity, technological features of agricultural production and lower density, the rural population suffers less from quarantine measures is refuted. As a result of the introduction of two all-Ukrainian lockdowns in 2020–2021, the number of employed rural population decreased by 361 thousand people, or by 7%, of them employed - by 198 thousand and self-employed - by 153 thousand. The unemployment rate for this period also increased by 1.7 percentage points, or 11.5%. In April-May 2021, almost 120,000 workers received the status of unemployed dismissed from agricultural, forestry and fisheries enterprises, or one in five of the total in the economy. In addition, the number of applicants for one vacancy in rural areas has doubled, while reducing the financial capacity of the State Employment Service, especially with regard to the implementation of active forms of employment recovery. An integral consequence of quarantine restrictions was the spread of poverty among the rural population and the further social exclusion of people with unprotected self-employment. Scientific novelty. Methodological approaches to assessing the negative impact of quarantine restrictions related to the spread of the COVID-19 pandemic on rural employment, the rural labor market and the well-being of rural households have been further developed. Practical significance. The results of the impact of quarantine restrictions on employment and the rural labor market in 2020-2021 may be taken into account when developing measures to support micro and small businesses and self-employed agricultural workers in extreme conditions of society, such as a pandemic. Tabl.: 3. Figs.: 5. Refs.: 35.

scholarly journals Trends of Economic Activity of the Population in Rural Areas of Ukraine

2020 ◽  
Vol 25 (1) ◽  
pp. 12-20
Author(s):  
Larysa Boyko ◽  
◽  
Vira Chevhanova ◽  
Svitlana Kulakova ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Labor Market ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Economic Activity ◽  
Rural Population ◽  
Informal Employment ◽  
Entrepreneurial Activity ◽  
Full Time ◽  
Agricultural Labor ◽  
Rural Settlements ◽  
Agricultural Enterprises

Annotation. Introduction. The implementation of measures to reform the economy as a whole, agrarian reform and, in particular, land relations in agriculture, was one of the factors influencing the change in the structure of the resident population in terms of economic activity and changes in the agricultural labor market. Analysis of the distribution of the population of Ukraine by economic activity indicates a decrease by almost one third of the number of the economically active population in 2019 compared to 2000. There is also a trend towards a decrease in the number of those employed in economic activity. Purpose. The aim of the article is exploration of employment indicators (formal and informal) and unemployment of the rural population in Ukraine and identification of the main trends. Results. It has been established that the employed rural population is less educated and, accordingly, they perform mostly unattractive types of work that do not require high qualifications. It was revealed that workers in rural settlements have fewer job opportunities at their place of residence. In villages, the number of people who are employers is almost half. The biggest problem in rural areas is self-employment or predominantly employment in private households. A sharp increase in the share of unemployed youth who cannot find a job after graduating from educational institutions has been established. The situation with regard to youth employment in the villages of Ukraine is especially difficult. It turned out that 2/3 of workers in rural areas are employed in the informal sector. Moreover, two urban residents of this sector prefer hired labor, in agriculture, on the contrary, self-employed make up 74.0%, that is, they work in a peasant farm for agricultural products. In half of the cases, informal employment is carried out in agriculture. Conclusions. The unemployed urban dweller is more educated and therefore has more advantages over the rural dweller in terms of employment. Unemployed people in cities have more opportunities to choose a job, therefore they are more active when they leave their jobs of their own accord and depend on the seasonality of their work. For 1990-2019 the average number of full-time agricultural enterprises decreased 12.2 times due to the liquidation of agricultural enterprises. One of the reasons was the denationalization and privatization of enterprises in Ukraine, especially in rural areas, which were not supplemented by effective mechanisms for the employment of people, including by promoting the development of entrepreneurial activity. Keywords: labor market, employment, informal employment, unemployment, economically inactive population.

scholarly journals Labor market trends in Akmola region of Kazakhstan

2021 ◽  
pp. 163-171
Author(s):  
A. S. Belgibayeva ◽  
◽  
A. Zh. Mussina ◽  
M. A. Volokhova ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Labor Market ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Agricultural Sector ◽  
Quality Parameters ◽  
Skilled Workers ◽  
Private Households ◽  
Self Employment ◽  
Working Age ◽  
Labor Resources ◽  
Urban And Rural Areas

The purpose of the study is to examine main trends and phenomena on labor market in agriculture. In the process of studying this problem, it was revealed that most of the employed population of the region lives in rural areas. It has been determined that at present the rural labor market is characterized by decrease in the number of employed in agricultural sector of economy, deterioration in the quality parameters characterizing the use of labor, discrepancy between the level of competence of specialists and the demands of expanded reproduction and efficiency of labor resources, and growing imbalance in the demand and supply of qualified workers. It has been determined that in conditions of unemployment in rural areas, the increased shortage of professional personnel in the main mass specialties in agro-industrial production has been noted among residents. The analysis of the structure of the employed in Akmola region was done, which showed significant differences between employment in urban and rural areas. A negative trend is shown which is associated with increase in proportion of the population, whose age exceeds the working age, in the total population of the village. Comparative analysis of sectoral structure of rural employment showed a decrease in the share of people who are employed in agriculture. In the course of the study, the main reasons for the rural population flow to the city have been determined. The main factors contributing to the return of skilled workers to agricultural sector are indicated. Priority areas of labor supply for rural residents have been identified, the most important of which are the development of small and medium-sized businesses in rural areas, as well as self-employment in private households. A number of measures aimed to increase the effectiveness of functioning of labor market in rural areas are proposed.

scholarly journals QUANTITATIVE CHARACTERISTICS OF LABOR POTENTIAL IN AGRICULTURAL SECTOR OF AKMOLA REGION

THE BULLETIN ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 389 (1) ◽  
pp. 131-136
Author(s):  
A.S. Belgibayeva ◽  
I.D. Ashimova ◽  
M.S. Zakirova ◽  
S.N. Sabikenov
Keyword(s):  
Labor Market ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Agricultural Sector ◽  
The State ◽  
Main Task ◽  
Employment Policy ◽  
Quantitative Characteristics ◽  
Labor Resources ◽  
Effective Use ◽  
Labor Potential

This article presents an analysis of the current state of the labor market in Akmola region, which gives not only an idea of the degree of efficiency of its functioning, but also allows you to identify promising areas of its development. Various aspects of forming and managing the labor potential of the agricultural sector are analyzed. Quantitative characteristics of the labor potential allowed us to determine the possibilities of its more rational use. The paper presents the features and trends in the development of the regional labor market. There is the differentiation of labor markets in urban and rural areas. The main directions of the state employment policy in the country, which are aimed at increasing the productively employed population and mass entrepreneurship, are considered. The main task in the use of labor resources is to ensure effective employment of the population, improve the quality and competitiveness of the labor force. The availability of the agricultural organizations with the labor resources, their effective use and high level of labor productivity are important for increasing the volume of production in the agricultural sector of the country and the region. Effective use of the labor potential is one of the most important tasks in the forming of socially oriented state, within the framework of the state policy in Kazakhstan.

scholarly journals ANALYSIS OF THE LABOR MARKET OF UKRAINE USING STATISTICAL METHODS

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tetyana Savchuk ◽  
Oksana Vasylyk ◽  
Ulyana Kostyuk
Keyword(s):  
Labor Market ◽  
Statistical Methods ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Weighted Arithmetic ◽  
Current State ◽  
Exploratory Data ◽  
Data Statistics ◽  
Male Part ◽  
Labor Resources ◽  
Key Indicators

The article analyzes the current state of the labor market of Ukraine using various statistical methods, such as descriptive statistics, inferential statistics and exploratory data statistics. It is statistical methods that have allowed us to more deeply identify existing trends and predict the dynamics of key indicators for the future with a sufficient level of adequacy. Some indicators have been studied for 30 years, but the main focus has been on labor market data for the last 5-6 years. Most of the identified trends have become and remain unchanged recently. In particular, when studying the structure of the population by sex and type of place of residence, it was found that most of the population of Ukraine lives in cities. There are almost half as many people living in rural areas. As for employment, in rural areas only a third of the population is employed, in cities also more than 2/3 of the population is recognized as unemployed. Confirming the existing stereotype, the number of women in Ukraine (on average by about 7%) exceeds the male part of the population and this situation has not changed over the past 30 years. Women in Ukraine are slightly more than 53%, while men make up 46% of country's permanent population. The most numerous are Donetsk, Dnipropetrovsk regions and Kyiv. The least residents are in Chernivtsi and Kirovohrad regions. When studying the age of labor resources distinguish between average and median age. If the mean age of the population is the weighted arithmetic mean, calculated as a result of dividing the total number of man-years (at each age) by the total permanent population, the median age is the age that divides the population into two levels by size: one – the median age, the second – older. In general, it was found that the median age is slightly lower than the average and is 41,4 years in Ukraine. In a study of differences in mean and median age by sex, it was found that in both cases in men it is 1–3 years lower than in women. People live the longest in Chernihiv, Donetsk and Luhansk regions, the least long-lived in Zakarpattia, Rivne and Volyn. The identified trends should be of interest and taken into account by potential employers when planning the development of their business.

Modeling And Optimization Of The Construction Organization's Production Program

2020 ◽  
pp. 49-56
Keyword(s):  
Software Package ◽  
Target Function ◽  
Optimization Models ◽  
Labor Resource ◽  
Production Program ◽  
Construction Organizations ◽  
Source Data ◽  
Labor Resources ◽  
Construction Organization ◽  
Planning Production

In the article, the author considers the problems of complex algorithmization and systematization of approaches to optimizing the work plans of construction organizations (calendar plans) using various modern tools, including, for example, evolutionary algorithms for "conscious" enumeration of options for solving a target function from an array of possible constraints for a given nomenclature. Various typical schemes for modeling the processes of distribution of labor resources between objects of the production program are given, taking into account the array of source data. This data includes the possibility of using the material and technical supply base (delivery, storage, packaging) as a temporary container for placing the labor resource in case of released capacity, quantitative and qualification composition of the initial labor resource, the properties of the construction organization as a counterparty in the contract system with the customer of construction and installation works etc. A conceptual algorithm is formed that is the basis of the software package for operational harmonization of the production program ( work plans) in accordance with the loading of production units, the released capacities of labor resources and other conditions stipulated by the model. The application of the proposed algorithm is most convenient for a set of objects, which determines the relevance of its implementation in optimization models when planning production programs of building organizations that contain several objects distributed over a time scale.

Mechanisms for Regulating the Labor Resources of Rural Territories

2020 ◽  
pp. 54-57
Author(s):  
N.M. Edrenkina ◽  
◽  
A.E. Lisitsin ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Rural Areas ◽  
Public Private Partnership ◽  
State Regulation ◽  
Social Infrastructure ◽  
Private Partnership ◽  
Labor Resources ◽  
Labor Potential

The tendencies of state regulation of the labor potential of rural territories are revealed, which prove the lack of effective mechanisms of its reproduction. Mechanisms to increase the efficiency of state regulation of the labor potential on rural areas, aimed primarily at creating jobs and the number of people employed in the segment of small and medium-sized business are proposed. Thanks to public-private partnership in this area, it is possible to reduce budget expenditures on the development of social infrastructure.

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