scholarly journals Assessment of the impact of labor productivity on the effectiveness of innovative activities in Kazakhstan and the Northwestern Federal District of Russia

2021 ◽  
Vol 101 (1) ◽  
pp. 103-113
Author(s):  
N. Roslyakova ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Labor Productivity ◽  
Working Hours ◽  
Federal District ◽  
Data Envelopment ◽  
Foreign Countries ◽  
Innovative Products ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Innovative Output ◽  
Improve State

Object: In many foreign countries, growth in labor productivity leads to a reduction in working hours. But these processes are not always proportional and depend on the correlation of social and economic priorities of states, on the conditions of general globalization and neoliberalization. The unfavorable ratio of the internal price proportions of some states and the low level of development of technics and technology act as obstacles to increasing the rate of economic growth. In such conditions, a reduction in working hours will inevitably lead to a reduction in the country's economic potential and the level of income of citizens. The purpose of this article is to study the nature of labor productivity and analyze the relationship between the proportions of labor productivity and the volume of production of innovative products in Russia and Kazakhstan as the largest EAEU states that determine development trends in the region. Methods: The collected data on the relationship between labor productivity and the volume of output of innovative products were analyzed using cluster analysis and nonparametric Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA). Findings: Labor productivity affects the level of innovative development and affects the overall economic development of individual regions and countries as a whole. The analysis of these processes is very important for the formation of state development policy. Therefore, this study examines the relationship between labor productivity and the volume of innovative products, as well as examines similar processes in certain regions of Russia and Kazakhstan. Conclusions: According to the results obtained, the following hypotheses were accepted: in Kazakhstan and Russia, labor productivity directly affects the innovative production of products. This influence is different in the regions of both countries. In Kazakhstan and Russia, there are regions that are similar in characteristics of the processes of the impact of labor productivity on innovative output, and for them similar measures to improve state policy are recommended.

Entrepreneurs and Burnout. How Hardy Pesonality works in this process

2021 ◽  
pp. 003329412199697
Author(s):  
Laura Quiun ◽  
Marta Herrero ◽  
Maria del Carmen Yeo Ayala ◽  
Bernardo Moreno-Jiménez
Keyword(s):  
Emotional Exhaustion ◽  
Descriptive Analysis ◽  
Working Hours ◽  
Burnout Syndrome ◽  
Hierarchical Regression ◽  
Occupational Factors ◽  
Low Levels ◽  
And Performance ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Relationship

Background Considering the importance of entrepreneurship and the impact of burnout on workers’ health, this study aims to explore the presence of burnout in entrepreneurs and the interaction of hardy personality (HP) in this process. Method The sample included 255 Spanish entrepreneurs. Occupational factors, working hours, labour immersion, HP, burnout syndrome (i.e. Emotional exhaustion, Depersonalization and Lack of accomplishment) and burnout consequences were assessed. Results Descriptive analysis showed that entrepreneurs had low levels of occupational factors, burnout syndrome and consequences. Hierarchical regression exploratory results indicated that working hours, labour immersion, and Emotional exhaustion were the most relevant predictors of the consequences. Besides, mediation models with PROCESS macro (v.3.0) highlighted the indirect effect of occupational factors and showed that emotional exhaustion was the only component of burnout that mediated in between the predictors and the consequences. As well, HP moderated the relationship between occupational factors and emotional exhaustion. Conclusions Occupational factors are the main predictor of burnout in entrepreneurs and HP could prevent their effect on Emotional exhaustion. The results suggest the importance of training to promote HP for better health and performance of entrepreneurs.

Can labor productivity growth reduce carbon emission? Evidence from OECD countries and China

2021 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽  
Author(s):  
Xueli Chen ◽  
Wanshu Ma ◽  
Vivian Valdmanis
Keyword(s):  
Labor Productivity ◽  
Fixed Effects ◽  
Oecd Countries ◽  
Environmental Indicators ◽  
Ekc Hypothesis ◽  
Initial Development ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Per Capita ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Relationship

PurposeThe purpose of this study is to examine the challenges involved in the trade-offs of labor productivity and per capita carbon dioxide (CO2) emission.Design/methodology/approachIn this research, we used a balanced dataset of 36 OECD countries and China between 1990 and 2018. We examined the relationship between labor productivity and per capita CO2 emission for OECD countries and China based on an Environmental Kuznets Curve (EKC) hypothesis. Further, the fixed effects model of estimation was employed to examine the impact of variables during the sample period and explore the relationship between predictor and outcome variables within an entity while controlling for all time-invariant differences.FindingsThis study confirmed the existence of the N-shape EKC hypothesis in 36 OECD countries and China. This implies that at the initial development stage, per capita CO2 emission increased with labor productivity; however, after reaching certain threshold, per capita CO2 emission began to fall with rising labor productivity. Then the per capita CO2 emission rises again when labor productivity continually increases.Originality/valueIn this study, we explored the dynamic association between labor productivity and per capita CO2 emissions for 36 OECD countries and China under the EKC framework from 1990 to 2018 by using the labor productivity and per capita CO2 emission as economic and environmental indicators of one country respectively. This study’s contribution showed the following: first, the empirical findings confirmed the N-shape relationship between labor productivity and per capita CO2 emissions for 36 OECD countries and China; second, the findings demonstrated that the association among the underlying variables by testing through the fixed effect model.

scholarly journals Toward Sustainable Ferry Routes in Korea: Analysis of Operational Efficiency Considering Passenger Mobility Burdens

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (21) ◽  
pp. 8819
Author(s):  
Thi Quynh Mai Pham ◽  
Gunwoo Lee ◽  
Hwayoung Kim
Keyword(s):  
High Efficiency ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Analysis Data ◽  
Operational Efficiency ◽  
Vital Role ◽  
Maritime Transportation ◽  
Data Envelopment ◽  
Fuzzy C Means Clustering ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Relationship

With its long coastline, and numerous inlets and offshore islands, coastal ferry industries play a vital role in Korean maritime transportation. This study focuses on the southwestern part of Korea, Mokpo (which has the most inhabited islands and the highest proportion of elderly island residents), and aims to evaluate the impact of passengers’ mobility burdens on the efficiency of ferry routes to achieve a better service for passengers. Integrated principal component analysis–data envelopment analysis and a fuzzy C-means clustering method were applied to analyze the efficiency of ferry routes in the Mokpo area. The efficiency results indicate that longer routes do not always achieve high-efficiency scores. The proportion of general passengers appears to influence the efficiency improvements of both general and subsidiary ferry routes. These findings can assist in better comprehending the relationship between passengers’ mobility burdens and ferry route efficiencies; this will enable the authorities and ferry management departments to develop appropriate policies and strategies and to reconstruct certain features of the inefficient routes, thereby increasing operational efficiency, reducing mobility burdens, and improving the convenience of ferry travel and sustainability of Korean passenger routes.

The impact of the top management teams’ knowledge and experience on strategic decisions and performance

2016 ◽  
Vol 23 (4) ◽  
pp. 504-523 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peng-Yu Li
Keyword(s):  
Positive Association ◽  
International Experience ◽  
Top Management Teams ◽  
Management Teams ◽  
Top Management ◽  
Strategic Decisions ◽  
Foreign Countries ◽  
And Performance ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Relationship

AbstractThis paper explores whether top management teams’ (TMTs) knowledge and experience are significant predictors of a firm’s strategic decisions and organization outcomes. The existing research throws little light on how firms with limited resources embedded in TMTs, particularly in emerging markets, innovate and achieve success in foreign countries. We focus on the impact of TMTs’ functional background heterogeneity and international experience on innovation and internationalization, as well as examine the relationship between innovation, internationalization and performance. The proposed relationships are empirically investigated in a sample of Taiwanese-listed companies operating in the electronics industry. The results demonstrate a positive association between a TMT’s functional background heterogeneity and a firm’s innovation. Moreover, a TMT’s international experience relates positively to a firm’s innovation and internationalization, therefore firms with a higher level of innovation achieve a higher level of internationalization.

Economic convergence in Poland by sector

2016 ◽  
Vol 61 (2) ◽  
pp. 47-61
Author(s):  
Roman Kosmalski
Keyword(s):  
Labor Productivity ◽  
Estimation Method ◽  
Data Envelopment ◽  
Economic Convergence ◽  
Basic Tool ◽  
Index Analysis ◽  
Agriculture Industry ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Changes Over Time ◽  
The Impact

The article deals with the study of economic convergence of the Polish voivodships by sector, and is an example of the use of nonparametric methods. As a basic tool used to apply for the convergence of nonparametric method of DEA (Data Envelopment Analysis), which enriched nuclear estimation method, proposed by Quah, involving the analysis of the distribution of labor productivity and its changes over time. Its use in conjunction with the DEA allowed to present the evolution of the distribution of labor productivity in the voivodships in the coming years. Moreover, based on the results of the Malmquist decomposition index, analysis was carried out of alternative distributions of the variable, taking into account the impact of the individual components of the index on changing its distribution. The study shows the main sources of economic convergence (divergence) in agriculture, industry and services sectors.

scholarly journals ENVIRONMENTAL DEA METHOD FOR ASSESSING PRODUCTIVITY OF EUROPEAN COUNTRIES

2017 ◽  
Vol 23 (4) ◽  
pp. 589-607 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ewa CHODAKOWSKA ◽  
Joanicjusz NAZARKO
Keyword(s):  
European Countries ◽  
Added Value ◽  
Data Envelopment ◽  
Tobit Regression ◽  
Dea Method ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Theoretical Considerations ◽  
Tobit Regression Model

The article presents the concept of environmental efficiency analysis based on the method of Data Envelopment Analysis in the case of the existence of desirable and undesirable results. Theoretical considerations are illustrated by a case study of European countries and evaluation of productivity taking into account not only economic growth but also effects which are undesirable and impossible to eliminate entirely, such as the impact on the environment. The differences in the results are explained by the relationship between policies aiming at supporting research and development with the use of the Tobit regression model. The added value of this work is to propose an integration of environmental DEA method with the concept of technological competitors. The possibility of applying the concept of DEA to technological competition was presented in the form of classification and benchmarking of the European countries. It is concluded that European countries are highly diversified in regard to the efficiency of environmental performance.

The Impact of Long Working Hours on Cognitive Function: A Follow-Up Study with Gender Stratification

2021 ◽  
Vol 80 (2) ◽  
pp. 727-734
Author(s):  
Seunghyun Lee ◽  
Joon Yul Choi ◽  
Wanhyung Lee
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Function ◽  
Cognitive Decline ◽  
Working Hours ◽  
Gender Stratification ◽  
Long Working Hours ◽  
Cox Proportional Hazard ◽  
Hazard Ratios ◽  
Cox Proportional Hazard Regression ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Relationship

Background: Recent studies have shown that long working hours can have adverse consequences on health and possibly trigger biological processes that mediate the relationship between long working hours and cognitive decline. Objective: To investigate whether long working hours and the overall duration such exposure is associated with a decline in cognitive function. Methods: Data obtained during the Korean Longitudinal Study on Aging (n = 2,518) during the period 2006–2018 were used to explore the relationship between long working hours and cognitive decline. Korean version of the Mini-Mental State Examination (K-MMSE) scores were used to evaluate cognitive function. Cox proportional hazard regression models were used to calculate hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs), which were used to evaluate declines in K-MMSE scores over the 12-year study period. Results: Overall HR (95% CI) for a decline in cognitive function in long working hours group was 1.13 (0.73–1.17). When categorized by sex, women with long working hours had an HR (95% CI) of 1.50 (1.05–2.22), K-MMSE scores decreased significantly after working long hours for 5 years (p < 0.01). Conclusion: The study furthers understanding of the effects of long working hours on cognitive decline among female workers. Further research is required to determine the effects of long working hours on cognitive functions.

scholarly journals A Novel Method for Evaluating Dredging Productivity Using a Data Envelopment Analysis-Based Technique

2019 ◽  
Vol 2019 ◽  
pp. 1-22
Author(s):  
Hsin-Hung Lai ◽  
Kuei-Hu Chang ◽  
Chien-Liang Lin
Keyword(s):  
Data Envelopment Analysis ◽  
Natural Disasters ◽  
Labor Productivity ◽  
Normal Function ◽  
Data Envelopment ◽  
Single Output ◽  
Multiple Attribute ◽  
Single Input ◽  
Novel Method ◽  
The Impact

The increase in the frequency of extreme weather has caused the impact of natural disasters to become more extensive. Natural disasters reduce the effective storage capacity of reservoirs and affect their normal function. Reservoir dredging is a key issue in the management of water resources and is a complicated multiple-attribute decision-making (MADM) problem. The traditional assessment of dredging productivity has been performed using a labor productivity method to evaluate the related issues of dredging performance. However, the traditional labor productivity method only deals with the single-input/single-output evaluation factor for various forms of productivity. The traditional labor productivity method cannot address complicated MADM problems in the assessment of dredging productivity. To resolve the limitations of the traditional labor productivity method, this paper extended data envelopment analysis (DEA) and proposed a novel method for evaluating dredging productivity. The proposed method can handle various combinations of evaluation factors (single-input, multi-input, single-output, and multioutput). Three real cases of reservoir dredging are applied to verify the effectiveness of the proposed method. The simulation results show that the proposed method can be applied generally and correctly assesses the related issues of dredging performance.

scholarly journals Promoting or Inhibiting? The Impact of Enterprise Environmental Performance on Economic Performance: Evidence from China’s Large Iron and Steel Enterprises

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (11) ◽  
pp. 6465
Author(s):  
Rong Liu ◽  
Feng He ◽  
Jianyu Ren
Keyword(s):  
Economic Performance ◽  
Environmental Performance ◽  
Data Envelopment ◽  
Corporate Environmental Responsibility ◽  
Iron And Steel ◽  
Competitive Edge ◽  
Environmental Performance Evaluation ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Production And Operation

In recent years, the importance of corporate environmental responsibility has gradually become more prominent. This study combines the Slack-based Measurement (SBM) model with the “Super-efficiency” model to construct an environmental performance evaluation based on Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA), which is used to measure the environmental performance of China’s large iron and steel enterprises from 2009 to 2017. Moreover, the impact of environmental performance on enterprise economic performance is studied by regression analysis. The results show that that environmental performance and economic performance of large iron and steel enterprises in China are in an inverted U-shaped relationship. This encourages enterprises to be proactive in environmental management to maintain and enhance their competitive edge. Therefore, this research suggests that iron and steel enterprises should balance the relationship between environmental performance and economic performance, and adopt environmental protection behaviors to carry out production and operation, to maximize enterprise performance.

scholarly journals ANALYSIS OF THE INFLUENCE OF ECOLOGICAL FACTORS IN THE AREA OF URBAN PLANNING

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
S.P. Sorokina ◽  
◽  
A.G. Cheprasov
Keyword(s):  
Urban Planning ◽  
Urban Environment ◽  
Ecological Factors ◽  
Regulatory Documents ◽  
Ecological Requirements ◽  
Foreign Countries ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Relationship

The purpose of the study is to analyze the influence of sanitary and ecological factors in the area of urban planning and to determine the relationship with other factors. The article discusses the impact of aspects of the unregulated by regulatory documents. The approach to the same aspects of foreign countries is also considered. The scientific novelty of the work lies in the adoption of sanitary and ecological requirements to improve the quality of the urban environment and the ability to do this in a non-standard way.

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