Prevalence of Antibiotic Resistance in Escherichia coli from the Fecal Flora of Humans in a Rural Area of Songkhla Province

Objective: To determine the prevalence of antibiotic resistance in fecal Escherichia coli (E. coli ) isolated from humans in a rural area of Songkhla province.Meterial and Methods: E. coli strains were isolated from the stool cultures of 75 healthy volunteers in a rural area. Resistance rates for 8 antibiotics were determined.Results: The resistance rates for amoxicillin, doxycyclin, cotrimoxazole, gentamicin and cefazolin were 53.3, 51.3, 24.0, 5.3 and 3.3%, respectively. No resistance to norfloxacin, ceftriaxone, and imipenem were detected.Conclusion: The most prevalent resistant strains were found against amoxicillin. The prevalence of drug resistance in all multidrug resistant isolates were resistant to amoxicillin and doxycycline. No strains were resistant to all antibiotics in all antimicrobial categories as all the strains were found to be sensitive to ceftriazone, norfloxacin and imipenem.

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Antibiotic Resistance Profile of Commensal Escherichia coli Isolated from Broiler Chickens in Qatar

Journal of Food Protection ◽

10.4315/0362-028x.jfp-17-191 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 81 (2) ◽

pp. 302-307 ◽

Cited By ~ 13

Author(s):

Nahla O. Eltai ◽

Elmoubasher A. Abdfarag ◽

Hamad Al-Romaihi ◽

Eman Wehedy ◽

Mahmoud H. Mahmoud ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Escherichia Coli ◽

Antibiotic Resistance ◽

Broiler Chickens ◽

Susceptibility Testing ◽

Multidrug Resistant ◽

Test Method ◽

Health Concern ◽

E Coli ◽

Extended Spectrum ◽

Stewardship Program

ABSTRACT Antibiotic resistance (AR) is a growing public health concern worldwide, and it is a top health challenge in the 21st century. AR among Enterobacteriaceae is rapidly increasing, especially in third-generation cephalosporins and carbapenems. Further, strains carrying mobilized colistin resistance (mcr) genes 1 and 2 have been isolated from humans, food-producing animals, and the environment. The uncontrolled use of antibiotics in food-producing animals is a major factor in the generation and spread of AR. No studies have been done to evaluate AR in the veterinary sector of Qatar. This study aimed at establishing primary baseline data for the prevalence of AR among food-producing animals in Qatar. Fecal samples (172) were obtained from two broiler farms and one live bird market in Qatar, and 90 commensal Escherichia coli bacteria were isolated and subjected to susceptibility testing against 16 clinically relevant antibiotics by using the E-test method. The results found that 81 (90%) of 90 isolates were resistant to at least one antibiotic, 14 (15.5%) of 90 isolates were colistin resistant, 2 (2.2%) of 90 isolates were extended-spectrum β-lactamase producers, and 2 (2.2%) of 90 isolates were multidrug resistant to four antibiotic classes. Extended-spectrum β-lactamase–producing E. coli and colistin-resistant isolates were confirmed by using double-disc susceptibility testing and PCR, respectively. Such a high prevalence of antibiotic-resistant E. coli could be the result of a long application of antibiotic treatment, and it is an indicator of the antibiotic load in food-producing animals in Qatar. Pathogens carrying AR can be easily transmitted to humans through consumption of undercooked food or noncompliance with hygiene practices, mandating prompt development and implementation of a stewardship program to control and monitor the use of antibiotics in the community and agriculture.

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Virulence Characteristics and Antibiotic Resistance Profiles of Shiga Toxin-Producing Escherichia coli Isolates from Diverse Sources

Antibiotics ◽

10.3390/antibiotics9090587 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 9 (9) ◽

pp. 587

Author(s):

Momna Rubab ◽

Deog-Hwan Oh

Keyword(s):

Escherichia Coli ◽

Antibiotic Resistance ◽

Shiga Toxin ◽

Multidrug Resistant ◽

Control Measures ◽

Diffusion Method ◽

Shiga Toxins ◽

E Coli ◽

And Control ◽

High Degree

Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli (STEC) is an enteric pathogen that causes several gastrointestinal ailments in humans across the world. STEC’s ability to cause ailment is attributed to the presence of a broad range of known and putative virulence factors (VFs) including those that encode Shiga toxins. A total of 51 E. coli strains belonging to serogroups O26, O45, O103, O104, O113, O121, O145, and O157 were tested for the presence of nine VFs via PCR and for their susceptibility to 17 frequently used antibiotics using the disc diffusion method. The isolates belonged to eight different serotypes, including eight O serogroups and 12 H types. The frequency of the presence of key VFs were stx1 (76.47%), stx2 (86.27%), eae (100%), ehxA (98.03%), nleA (100%), ureC (94.11%), iha (96.07%), subA (9.80%), and saa (94.11%) in the E. coli strains. All E. coli strains carried seven or more distinct VFs and, among these, four isolates harbored all tested VFs. In addition, all E. coli strains had a high degree of antibiotic resistance and were multidrug resistant (MDR). These results show a high incidence frequency of VFs and heterogeneity of VFs and MDR profiles of E. coli strains. Moreover, half of the E. coli isolates (74.5%) were resistant to > 9 classes of antibiotics (more than 50% of the tested antibiotics). Thus, our findings highlight the importance of appropriate epidemiological and microbiological surveillance and control measures to prevent STEC disease in humans worldwide.

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Multiple-Antibiotic Resistance Mediated by Plasmids and Integrons in Uropathogenic Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae

Bangladesh Journal of Microbiology ◽

10.3329/bjm.v24i1.1231 ◽

1970 ◽

Vol 24 (1) ◽

pp. 19-23 ◽

Cited By ~ 7

Author(s):

Taslima Taher Lina ◽

Sabita Rezwana Rahman ◽

Donald James Gomes

Keyword(s):

Escherichia Coli ◽

Drug Resistance ◽

Urinary Tract Infection ◽

Antibiotic Resistance ◽

Urinary Tract ◽

Tract Infection ◽

Klebsiella Pneumoniae ◽

High Rate ◽

E Coli ◽

Class 1

Antibiotic resistance in urinary tract infection (UTI) is a growing public health problem in the world. In this study, a total of 182 uropathogens were isolated from patients with symptoms of urinary tract infection (UTI). Escherichia coli (88%) was the most prevalent isolate, while Klebsiella pneumoniae was recovered from 12% cases. The male/female ratio was 1:3. About 56% female and 51% male patients belonged to the age group >40 years. The antibiotic resistance rates of the isolates to fifteen different drugs were investigated. E. coli and K. pneumoniae showed variable pattern of susceptibility. The percentage of resistance to different drugs was higher in E. coli isolates compared to that of K. pneumoniae. Among the total number of isolates about 87% were resistant to at least three commonly used antibiotics. All the isolates were sensitive to imipenem. Analysis of the plasmid DNA had shown that the plasmid pattern was very diverse in both E. coli and K. pneumoniae. All the isolates contained multiple numbers of plasmid ranging from 1.0 to >140 MDa. Middleranged plasmids (30 to 80 MDa), the transferable resistance plasmids, were found to be present in 86% E. coli and 85% K. pneumoniae isolates. The strong association observed between plasmid profiles and drug resistance patterns suggest that plasmids other than the common plasmids may have epidemiological significance. The presence of class 1 and class 2 integrons were also investigated. A relatively high occurrence of class 1 integrons, that are associated with lateral transfer of antibacterial resistance genes, was observed in K. pneumoniae (88%) than in E. coli isolates (54%). Class 2 integrons were not found in any of the E. coli and K. pneumoniae isolates. These results show the high rate of drug resistance and the presence of high rate of transferable elements in these MDR isolates. Keywords: Uropathogens, Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Multidrug-resistant (MDR) bacteria, Plasmid profiles, IntegronsDOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjm.v24i1.1231 Bangladesh J Microbiol, Volume 24, Number 1, June 2007, pp 19-23

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Characterization of Antibiotic Resistance in Escherichia coli Isolated from Shrimps and Their Environment

Journal of Food Protection ◽

10.4315/0362-028x.jfp-13-510 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 77 (8) ◽

pp. 1394-1401 ◽

Cited By ~ 9

Author(s):

KANJANA CHANGKAEW ◽

FUANGFA UTRARACHKIJ ◽

KANOKRAT SIRIPANICHGON ◽

CHIE NAKAJIMA ◽

ORASA SUTHIENKUL ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Escherichia Coli ◽

Pathogenic Bacteria ◽

Multidrug Resistant ◽

Drug Resistant ◽

E Coli ◽

Class 1 Integrons ◽

Class 1 ◽

Resistance Rates ◽

Drug Resistant Strains ◽

Shrimp Farms

Antimicrobial resistance in bacteria associated with food and water is a global concern. To survey the risk, 312 Escherichia coli isolates from shrimp farms and markets in Thailand were examined for susceptibility to 10 antimicrobials. The results showed that 17.6% of isolates (55 of 312) were resistant to at least one of the tested drugs, and high resistance rates were observed to tetracycline (14.4%; 45 of 312), ampicillin (8.0%; 25 of 312), and trimethroprim (6.7%; 21 of 312); 29.1% (16 of 55) were multidrug resistant. PCR assay of the tet(A), tet(B), tet(C), tet(D), tet(E), and tet(G) genes detected one or more of these genes in 47 of the 55 resistant isolates. Among these genes, tet(A) (69.1%; 38 of 55) was the most common followed by tet(B) (56.4%; 31 of 55) and tet(C) (3.6%; 2 of 55). The resistant isolates were further investigated for class 1 integrons. Of the 55 resistant isolates, 16 carried class 1 integrons and 7 carried gene cassettes encoding trimethoprim resistance (dfrA12 or dfrA17) and aminoglycosides resistance (aadA2 or aadA5). Two class 1 integrons, In54 (dfrA17-aadA5) and In27 (dfrA12-orfF-aadA2), were found in four and three isolates, respectively. These results indicate a risk of drug-resistant E. coli contamination in shrimp farms and selling places. The occurrence of multidrug-resistant E. coli carrying tet genes and class 1 integrons indicates an urgent need to monitor the emergence of drug-resistant E. coli to control the dissemination of drug-resistant strains and the further spread of resistance genes to other pathogenic bacteria.

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Occurrence of Multi-Drug-Resistant Escherichia coli in Chickens, Humans, Rodents and Household Soil in Karatu, Northern Tanzania

Antibiotics ◽

10.3390/antibiotics10091137 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 10 (9) ◽

pp. 1137

Author(s):

Valery S. Sonola ◽

Abdul S. Katakweba ◽

Gerald Misinzo ◽

Mecky I. N. Matee

Keyword(s):

Escherichia Coli ◽

Antimicrobial Agents ◽

Multidrug Resistant ◽

Soil Samples ◽

Control Measures ◽

Rodent Control ◽

E Coli ◽

Northern Tanzania ◽

Amoxicillin Clavulanate ◽

Resistance Rates

We investigated antibiotic resistance profiles of Escherichia coli among 960 samples obtained from chickens (236), humans (243), rodents (101) and soil (290). E. coli was isolated from 650 (67.7%) samples. Isolation frequency varied significantly between chickens, humans, rodents and soil samples, being 81.6%, 86.5%, 79.2% and 31.0%, respectively (p < 0.001). Resistance rates were particularly higher against imipenem (79.8%), cefotaxime (79.7%) and tetracycline (73.7%) and moderate against amoxicillin-clavulanate (49.4%). Overall, 78.8% of the isolates were multidrug-resistant (MDR) among which, 38.8%, 25.1%, 12.9% and 2.5% exhibited resistance to three, four, five and six different classes of antibiotics, respectively. Multidrug-resistant E. coli were observed in 27.7%, 30.3%, 10.8% and 10.0% of the isolates from chickens, humans, rodents and soil samples, respectively. Our results show high levels of antimicrobial resistance including MDR in E. coli isolated from chickens, humans, rodents and soil samples in Karatu, Northern Tanzania. Comprehensive interventions using a one-health approach are needed and should include improving (i) awareness of the community on judicious use of antimicrobial agents in humans and animals, (ii) house conditions and waste management and (iii) rodent control measures.

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Detection of Antibiotic Resistance Genes in Some Multiple Antibiotic Resistant E. coli from Apparently Healthy Pregnant Women

Microbiology Research Journal International ◽

10.9734/mrji/2020/v30i830248 ◽

2020 ◽

pp. 23-31

Author(s):

O. C. Adekunle ◽

A. J. Falade- Fatila ◽

R. Ojedele ◽

G. Odewale

Keyword(s):

Escherichia Coli ◽

Drug Resistance ◽

Antibiotic Resistance ◽

Pregnant Women ◽

Resistance Genes ◽

Antibiotic Resistance Genes ◽

Multi Drug Resistance ◽

Antibiotic Resistant ◽

E Coli ◽

Apparently Healthy

The emerging drug resistance, especially among the Escherichia coli (E.coli) isolates from pregnant women, spread rapidly within the community. Urinary tract infection (UTI) is a well-known bacterial infection posing serious health problem in pregnant women. Also, multi-drug resistance is becoming rampant, and it is of serious public health concern. Treatment of E. coli is now a challenge due to continuous increase in resistance towards commonly prescribed antibiotics, thus posing a threat to treatment. Hence, the aim of the study is to determine antibiotic resistance genes in some multiple antibiotic resistant E.coli from apparently healthy pregnant women in Osun State. A cross-sectional study design was used to collect 150 mid-stream urine samples from apparently healthy pregnant women from March, 2018 to September, 2018. A well structured questionnaire and informed consent were used for data collection. Standard loop technique was used to place 0.001 ml of urine on Cysteine Lactose Electrolyte Deficient (CLED) medium, Blood agar, MacConkey agar and incubated at 37 °C for 24 h. A standard agar disc diffusion method was used to determine antimicrobial susceptibility pattern of the isolates. The molecular detection of the resistant genes was done using PCR techniques. The ages of women enrolled in this study ranges from 22 to 42 years (mean ± standard deviation = 31 ± 4.7 years). Escherichia coli showed high percentage of resistance to ampicillin and low resistance to ciprofloxacin and penicillin. All the E. coli isolates were sensitive to levofloxacin, and most were resistant to Meropenem. Multiple drug resistance was observed in all the isolates. Resistance genes in VIM 390bp, bla ctx-M 585bp and TEM 517bp were detected in some of the representative E. coli isolates profiled. This study identified the presence of Multi-drug resistance genes in E. coli associated UTI among pregnant women in Osogbo.

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Characterization of auto-agglutinating and non-typeable uropathogenic Escherichia coli strains

The Journal of Infection in Developing Countries ◽

10.3855/jidc.11098 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 13 (06) ◽

pp. 465-472

Author(s):

Ulises Hernández-Chiñas ◽

Alejandro Pérez-Ramos ◽

Laura Belmont-Monroy ◽

María E Chávez-Berrocal ◽

Edgar González-Villalobos ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Escherichia Coli ◽

Virulence Genes ◽

Antimicrobial Agents ◽

Multidrug Resistant ◽

Uropathogenic Escherichia Coli ◽

E Coli ◽

Resistant Strains ◽

Tract Infections ◽

Disk Method

Introduction: Uropathogenic Escherichia coli (UPEC) are the main etiological agent of urinary tract infections (UTIs). Association between different serotypes and UTIs is known, however, some strains are incapable to be serotyped. The aim of this work was to study bthe phenotypical and genotypical characteristics of 113 non-typeable (NT) and auto-agglutinating (AA) E. coli strains, isolated from UTIs in children and adults. Methodology: The 113 UPEC strains were analyzed by PCR assays using specific primers to determine their serogroups, fimH, papC, iutA, sat, hlyCA and cnf1, virulence associated genes, and chuA, yjaA and TSPE4.C2 for phylogroup determination. Additionally, the diffusion disk method was performed to evaluate the antimicrobial resistance to 18 antimicrobial agents. Results: Using the PCR assay, 63% (71) of the strains were genotyped showing O25 and O75 as the most common serogroups. The virulence genes fimH (86%) and iutA (74%) were the most prevalent, in relation to the phylogroups the commensal (A and B1) and virulent (B2 and D) showed similar frequencies (P > 0.05). The antimicrobial susceptibility test showed a high percentage (73%) of multidrug-resistant strains. Conclusions: The genotyping allowed identifying the serogroup in many of the strains that could not be typed by traditional serology. The strains carried virulence genes and were multidrug-resistant in both, commensal and virulent phylogroups. Our findings revealed that, in addition to the classical UPEC serogroups, there are pathogenic serogroups not reported yet.

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Advanced molecular characterization of enteropathogenic Escherichia coli isolated from diarrheic camel neonates in Egypt

Veterinary World ◽

10.14202/vetworld.2021.85-91 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 14 (1) ◽

pp. 85-91

Author(s):

Momtaz A. Shahein ◽

Amany N. Dapgh ◽

Essam Kamel ◽

Samah F. Ali ◽

Eman A. Khairy ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Escherichia Coli ◽

Drug Resistance ◽

Antibiotic Resistance ◽

Resistance Genes ◽

Multiple Drug Resistance ◽

Microbial Pathogens ◽

Multiple Drug ◽

Gastrointestinal Infections ◽

Fecal Samples ◽

E Coli

Background and Aim: Camels are important livestock in Egypt on cultural and economic bases, but studies of etiological agents of camelid diseases are limited. The enteropathogen Escherichia coli is a cause of broad spectrum gastrointestinal infections among humans and animals, especially in developing countries. Severe infections can lead to death. The current study aimed to identify pathogenic E. coli strains that cause diarrhea in camel calves and characterize their virulence and drug resistance at a molecular level. Materials and Methods: Seventy fecal samples were collected from diarrheic neonatal camel calves in Giza Governorate during 2018-2019. Samples were cultured on a selective medium for E. coli, and positive colonies were confirmed biochemically, serotyped, and tested for antibiotic susceptibility. E. coli isolates were further confirmed through detection of the housekeeping gene, yaiO, and examined for the presence of virulence genes; traT and fimH and for genes responsible for antibiotic resistance, ampC, aadB, and mphA. The isolates in the important isolated serotype, E. coli O26, were examined for toxigenic genes and sequenced. Results: The bacteriological and biochemical examination identified 12 E. coli isolates from 70 fecal samples (17.1%). Serotyping of these isolates showed four types: O26, four isolates, 33.3%; O103, O111, three isolates each, 25%; and O45, two isolates, 16.7%. The isolates showed resistance to vancomycin (75%) and ampicillin (66.6%), but were highly susceptible to ciprofloxacin, norfloxacin, and tetracycline (100%). The structural gene, yaiO (115 bp), was amplified from all 12 E. coli isolates and traT and fimH genes were amplified from 10 and 8 isolates, respectively. Antibiotic resistance genes, ampC, mphA, and aadB, were harbored in 9 (75%), 8 (66.6%), and 5 (41.7%), respectively. Seven isolates (58.3%) were MDR. Real-time-polymerase chain reaction of the O26 isolates identified one isolate harboring vt1, two with vt2, and one isolate with neither gene. Sequencing of the isolates revealed similarities to E. coli O157 strains. Conclusion: Camels and other livestock suffer various diseases, including diarrhea often caused by microbial pathogens. Enteropathogenic E. coli serotypes were isolated from diarrheic neonatal camel calves. These isolates exhibited virulence and multiple drug resistance genes.

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Clonal Structure, Virulence Factor-encoding Genes and Antibiotic Resistance of Escherichia coli, Causing Urinary Tract Infections and Other Extraintestinal Infections in Humans in Spain and France during 2016

Antibiotics ◽

10.3390/antibiotics9040161 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 9 (4) ◽

pp. 161 ◽

Cited By ~ 7

Author(s):

Saskia-Camille Flament-Simon ◽

Marie-Hélène Nicolas-Chanoine ◽

Vanesa García ◽

Marion Duprilot ◽

Noémie Mayer ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Escherichia Coli ◽

Antibiotic Resistance ◽

Virulence Factor ◽

Multidrug Resistant ◽

Clonal Structure ◽

Extended Spectrum Beta Lactamase ◽

E Coli ◽

Tract Infections ◽

Encoding Genes ◽

Sequence Types

Escherichia coli is the main pathogen responsible for extraintestinal infections. A total of 196 clinical E. coli consecutively isolated during 2016 in Spain (100 from Lucus Augusti hospital in Lugo) and France (96 from Beaujon hospital in Clichy) were characterized. Phylogroups, clonotypes, sequence types (STs), O:H serotypes, virulence factor (VF)-encoding genes and antibiotic resistance were determined. Approximately 10% of the infections were caused by ST131 isolates in both hospitals and approximately 60% of these infections were caused by isolates belonging to only 10 STs (ST10, ST12, ST58, ST69, ST73, ST88, ST95, ST127, ST131, ST141). ST88 isolates were frequent, especially in Spain, while ST141 isolates significantly predominated in France. The 23 ST131 isolates displayed four clonotypes: CH40-30, CH40-41, CH40-22 and CH40-298. Only 13 (6.6%) isolates were carriers of extended-spectrum beta-lactamase (ESBL) enzymes. However, 37.2% of the isolates were multidrug-resistant (MDR). Approximately 40% of the MDR isolates belonged to only four of the dominant clones (B2-CH40-30-ST131, B2-CH40-41-ST131, C-CH4-39-ST88 and D-CH35-27-ST69). Among the remaining MDR isolates, two isolates belonged to B2-CH14-64-ST1193, i.e., the new global emergent MDR clone. Moreover, a hybrid extraintestinal pathogenic E.coli (ExPEC)/enteroaggregative isolate belonging to the A-CH11-54-ST10 clone was identified.

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Antibiotic Resistance of Escherichia coli Strains Isolated from Broiler Meat in Morocco

International Journal of Veterinary Science ◽

10.37422/ijvs/20.015 ◽

2020 ◽

Keyword(s):

Escherichia Coli ◽

Antibiotic Resistance ◽

Multidrug Resistant ◽

Test Method ◽

Poultry Meat ◽

Epidemiological Surveillance ◽

Human Consumption ◽

First Line ◽

Broiler Meat ◽

E Coli

The spread of multidrug-resistant (MDR) enterobacteria worldwide is a major public health threat. Resistant to at least three classes of antibiotics, MDR enterobacteria cause infections that escape first-line treatment. Escherichia coli is the most frequently isolated bacterium in poultry industry. We followed the pattern and trend of antibiotic resistance of strains of E. coli isolated from poultry meat destined for human consumption sold in Morocco during the period 2016-2018, and thus detected strains that would be multidrug-resistant (MDR). In this study we investigated the resistance of 240 strains of E. coli isolated from poultry meat to 13 antibiotics by using the agar diffusion susceptibility test method. Results showed high resistance to ciprofloxacins (87.5%), tetracycline (75%), trimethomprime-sulfametoxazole (3rd generation) (70.8%), nalidixic acid (62.5%) and cefotaxime (50%), ampicillin (45.8%); and we detected low resistance to gentamicin (29.1%). In total, 50 isolated strains of E. coli (20.8%) have shown MDR. These results are useful to practicing veterinarians trying to avoid therapeutic failures and constitute an important database for pharmacovigilance and epidemiological surveillance of antimicrobial resistance in the country.

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