scholarly journals IMPACT OF PSYCHOLOGICAL FACTORS ON INTEGRAL CHARACTERISTIC OF HEALTH. PROSPECTIVE POPULATION STUDY OF WORKERS IN DANGEROUS PROFESSIONS

2021 ◽  
pp. 18-27
Author(s):  
E. Miroshnik ◽  
A. Britov ◽  
N. Eliseeva ◽  
A. Deev ◽  
S. Drozdetsky ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Population Study ◽  
Psychological Health ◽  
Defense Mechanisms ◽  
Economic Status ◽  
Integral Characteristic ◽  
Psychological Status ◽  
Psychological Defense ◽  
Traditional Risk Factors ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Somatic Diseases

Aim. To assess the social status and methods of psychological protection of the individual in a number of organized populations in several typical regions (5 cities of Russia), as well as to compare the identified psychological characteristics with traditional risk factors (FR) and chronic non-communicable diseases in a prospective population study. Material and methods. In 2010 - 2011, in five cities of Russia (Nizhny Novgorod, Veliky Novgorod, Vologda, Nalchik, Omsk), screening was conducted on full (representative) samples from organized populations (at least 500 people in each, with a response to the survey from 80 to 90%). A total of 2,227 people were examined: 1,336 women and 891 men aged 25-75 years. In 2012-2014, a prospective (through 3 years) population study in the cities of Nizhny Novgorod, Nalchik, Veliky Novgorod and Omsk. Screening of the same organized population was conducted in 1202 people (response-64.7%). The questionnaires for assessment of social-economic status, somatic and psychological health, life style index or psychological defense mechanisms, pathogen reflection, psychotism scale, hospital scale of anxiety and depression, international stress scale, as well as the moral potential of person were methods of screening. Results. It was exposed that among the mechanisms of psychological defenses primitive ones dominated, especially projection, replacement, denial and suppression; the pathogen reflection style was formed in the most of the respondents. In process of mathematic analysis we used the method of «simple cross-tabulation» for join all negative mechanisms of psychological defense. It gives us the possibility to show their significant connection with the most somatic diseases in the personal history (р<0,001).   Conclusion. Psychological parameters significant dominate over physiological signs in their impact on the health. Thus it demands necessity to take into account the psychological status in the health improving process.

scholarly journals Psychological help for patients with dermatological disorders and chronic itching

2019 ◽  
Vol 33 (3) ◽  
pp. 52-57
Author(s):  
R. Yaremkevych
Keyword(s):  
Defense Mechanisms ◽  
Interpersonal Relations ◽  
Medical Center ◽  
Psychological Help ◽  
Psychological Status ◽  
Behavior Patterns ◽  
Psychological Defense ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Dermatological Disorders ◽  
Somatic Diseases

Somatic diseases are the cause of physical and psychological distress, which necessitates the study of factors affecting on adaptation patients to the disease and its treatment.Materials and methods. At medical center “Asklepiy”during 2016-2018 years, observed 134 patients with dermatologicaldisorderswith chronic itching, divided on groups according the level intensity of symptom. A package of psychodiagnostics techniques was used to assess the psychological status of the subjects.Results. Targets of psychological help in psycho-emotional sphere in patients with chronic itching include anxious-depressive symptoms, somatization, hypochondria, decreased mental productivity, insomnia, high levels of aggressiveness, hostility, alexithimia, in behavior patterns – ineffective coping and psychological defense mechanisms, in the psychosocial sphere – problems in interpersonal relations and perception of social support. Conclusions. Patients with dermatological pathology with chronic itching require implementing psychological help based on a comprehensive differentiated approach.

scholarly journals 7th to 9th grade obese adolescents’ perceptions about obesity in tamaulipas, Mexico

2010 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
pp. 48-53 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ma. de la Luz Martínez-Aguilar ◽  
Yolanda Flores-Peña ◽  
Ma. de las Mercedes Rizo-Baeza ◽  
Rosa Ma. Aguilar-Hernández ◽  
Laura Vázquez-Galindo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Psychological Health ◽  
Defense Mechanisms ◽  
Self Esteem ◽  
Ninth Grade ◽  
Psychological Defense ◽  
Obese Adolescents ◽  
9Th Grade ◽  
Semistructured Interviews ◽  
Data Saturation ◽  
Study Participants

The objective was to explore obese adolescents’ perceptions about obesity among students in the seventh to ninth grade of a public school in Tamaulipas, Mexico. This is a qualitative study. Participants were 24 adolescents with a body mass index equal to or greater than the 95th percentile. Semistructured interviews were conducted until data saturation was reached and the meaning was understood. The adolescents defined obesity according to standards of measurement. They identified the hereditary factor as the main obesity cause, tended to underestimate obesity and had low self-esteem. They reported problems to do physical exercise and get clothes in order to improve their image, and feel rejected by their peers in school. It was identified that these adolescents have psychological defense mechanisms against obesity and that some of them are making efforts to lose weight. Obesity entails social and psychological health implications for persons suffering from this problem. Interventions should be put in practice.

scholarly journals Features of psychological protection of students of IHE who are engaged in swimming

2021 ◽  
pp. 36-39
Author(s):  
N. Dakal ◽  
O. Cherevichko ◽  
K. Smirnov
Keyword(s):  
Defense Mechanisms ◽  
Defense Mechanism ◽  
Self Regulation ◽  
Regulatory System ◽  
Fear Of Failure ◽  
Traumatic Experiences ◽  
Protective Mechanisms ◽  
Psychological Defense ◽  
The Individual ◽  
And Behavior

The purpose of psychological protection is to maintain the integrity of the "self-concept" of the individual by protecting his consciousness from negative traumatic experiences, fear of failure, anxiety or uncertainty in their actions. The authors who studied this phenomenon in sports note that the psychological protection of the athlete - is a system of mechanisms and methods of mental self-regulation of consciousness and behavior of the individual in extreme mental conditions. Psychological defense mechanisms are manifested in students as a regulatory system that is activated in a situation of internal or external conflict. Based on it, students often show such a defense mechanism as substitution, regression, and compensation. Considering the manifestation of protective mechanisms in boys and girls, we obtained the following indicators: reactive formations (73% in girls and 51% in boys) and projection (73% in girls and 54% in boys) (p <0.05); in boys prevails: suppression (65% in boys and 45% in girls) and intellectualization (69% in boys and 56.1% in girls) (p <0.05). We found differences in the choice of the dominant mechanism of psychological protection by swimming students. The leading mechanism in the studied contingent is substitution, and the least preferred is suppression. The study identified the manifestation of the main mechanisms of psychological protection in students who swim and analyzed certain types of protection with a description of the specific features of the system of protective mechanisms and the level of their impact depending on gender differences.

scholarly journals Relations between typological personality traits and mechanisms of psychological defense

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (Extra-D) ◽  
pp. 517-527
Author(s):  
Vitaliy V. Kabakov ◽  
Andrey E. Sorokin ◽  
Anatoly V. Ryapukhin
Keyword(s):  
Personality Traits ◽  
Defense Mechanisms ◽  
Practical Significance ◽  
Psychological Defense ◽  
The Individual

Research object is the typological personality traits. Subject of research is the relation of temperament and the mechanism of psychological defense. Purpose of the research is to reveal the relation between the typological characteristics of the personality and the mechanisms of psychological defense. The hypothesis of the research is the assumption that there is a relation between the typological characteristics of the personality and the mechanisms of psychological defense. The practical significance of the work lies in the fact that the results obtained can become the basis for the development of a program for the correction or optimization of psychological defense mechanisms based on the typological characteristics of the individual.

scholarly journals PSYCHOLOGICAL DEFENSE MECHANISMS OF THE SOCIAL NETWORK USERS WITH DIFFERENT LEVELS OF MEANINGFULNESS OF LIFE

2021 ◽  
Vol 31 (4) ◽  
pp. 406-415
Author(s):  
P.N. Ermakov ◽  
E.E. Belousova
Keyword(s):  
Social Networks ◽  
Interest Groups ◽  
Defense Mechanisms ◽  
Spearman Correlation ◽  
Psychological Defense ◽  
The Social ◽  
The Individual ◽  
High Level ◽  
Psychological Defenses ◽  
Different Levels

During adolescence, at the stage of formation of personal structures, young people spend a significant part of their time on the Internet, especially in social networks. It is there that communication is realized, interest groups are formed, values are broadcast and undergo changes. Thus, the question of ways to protect against heterogeneous content on the web with the support of the individual on his own meanings becomes relevant. A study of psychological defense mechanisms was conducted in 85 boys and girls aged 18-24 years (30.6 % women, Me=22.5; 69.4 % men, Me=21.5) - users of social networks with different levels of meaningfulness of life. The Plutchik-Kellerman-Conte test questionnaire was used to diagnose the mechanisms of psychological defense, the test of life orientations by D.A. Leontiev was used as well. According to the results of the application of the Pearson χCriterion, it was found that with an increase in the level of meaningfulness of life, the arsenal of psychological defense mechanisms of the individual increases and their severity noticeably increases. Respondents with a high level of meaningfulness are dominated by Rationalization, Hypercompensation, Projection; with an average level of meaningfulness - Displacement, Regression, Compensation; with a low level of meaningfulness - Regression, Denial, Rationalization. Using the Spearman correlation analysis, it was revealed that with an increase in the meaningfulness of life, the actualization of psychological defenses "Substitution" (transfer of reaction from one object to another) and "Regression" (return to earlier behaviors) decreases, the overall intensity of defenses decreases.

scholarly journals Should psychosocial factors be taken into account when developing and implementing population-level preventive programmes?

2012 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 17-22
Author(s):  
A. N. Britov ◽  
N. A. Eliseeva ◽  
A. D. Deev ◽  
E. V. Miroshnik
Keyword(s):  
Psychological Health ◽  
Depression Scale ◽  
Population Level ◽  
Social Adaptation ◽  
Burnout Syndrome ◽  
Psychological Resilience ◽  
Total N ◽  
Traditional Risk Factors ◽  
Somatic Diseases ◽  
Emotional Burnout

Aim. To assess social status and selected psychological characteristics in organised urban populations from 5 Russian regions; to compare the results with the prevalence of traditional risk factors (RFs) and chronic disease. Material and methods. In 2009-2010, representative samples of organised populations from 5 Russian cities were examined (total n=2227, 1336 women and 891 men). The questionnaires assessed socioeconomic status (SES), as well as somatic and psychological health. The assessed psychological parameters included Lifestyle Index (LI), psychological resilience mechanisms (PRM), social adaptation, sanogenic reflection, Eysenck phychoticism scale, personal moral potential, emotional burnout syndrome, Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS), and Perceived Stress Scale (PSS). The examination included the measurement of blood pressure, heart rate, waist circumference, and hips circumference. Results. The proportion of higher-educated people ranged from 82% in Nalchik to 29,3% in Omsk. Low self-rated wealth levels were highly prevalent (from 10,4-13% to 40,4%). Arterial hypertension was registered in 1,29% and 1,64% of men and women aged 25-34 years. In people aged 65-74 years, the respective figures were 60% and 75,8%. Obesity (body mass index ≥30 kg/m2) was registered in over 50% of the participants from all social groups. Negative (pathological) levels of LI significantly correlated with the majority of somatic diseases (р<0,001) and psychological disorders (р<0,007). In women, negative PRM were significantly more prevalent than in men (р<0,007). In those aged under 50 years, the prevalence of negative PRM was lower (up to 28%) than in those aged 50-60 years (37,8%), or 60-75 years (57,7%) (р<0,001). Conclusion. The development and implementation of population-level preventive programmes should take into account not only morbidity levels and traditional RFs, but also psychosocial features of the respective population groups.

scholarly journals MILITARY DARK HUMOR AS A FORM OF ADAPTIVE PROCESSES AND THE INDIVIDUAL�S RESPONSE TO FEAR OF DEATH (PSYCHOLINGUISTIC ASPECT)

2021 ◽  
Vol 1 (21) ◽  
Author(s):  
Tetyana Ye. Khraban ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Discourse Analysis ◽  
Coping Strategies ◽  
Defense Mechanisms ◽  
Fear Of Death ◽  
Psychological Defense ◽  
Dark Humor ◽  
Adaptive Processes ◽  
Psychoanalytic Interpretation ◽  
The Individual ◽  
And Coping

The aim of the article is to examine military black humor as a form of adaptive processes and the individual�s response to the fear of death in the system of psychological defense mechanisms and coping strategies. A more complete results in this study can be gotten through the integration of discourse analysis and psychoanalytic interpretation. Discourse analysis has the most empirically oriented approach and allows to focus on extensive psychological issues such as cognition, emotions, attitudes, values, prejudices, memory, motives. Psychoanalytic interpretation focuses on the symbolism of the unconscious, universal meanings and psychological mechanisms that are important material to analyze totality of derived psychological meanings present in dark humor patterns. The material for this empirical, inductive study is text fragments, memes and photographs, which are posted on the website of �Military service� Ukrainian group. Results and discussions. One of the thematic dominants of military dark humor is the threat to life and fear of it. The fear of death itself is one of the human existence conditions. Such amount of fear fits into bounds of what most humans can psychologically tolerate that does not destroy or paralyze activity. In order to protect his psyche from the destructive effects of traumatic situation during which the norms of fear exceed the standards, a military man often seeks to restore the functional state of his body and reduce emotional stress. Considering this perspective as a pragmatic aspect of humor it can be argued that the creation of the game reality of death in dark humor depends, first of all, on those coping strategies and psychological defense mechanisms, which are most appropriate for a person�s psyche. According to the terror management theory an individual uses certain coping strategies and defense mechanisms depending on whether or not he is aware of the inevitability of death. Analysis of the dark humor patterns created by the Ukrainian military and actualizing the theme of death and everything associated with it make it possible to outline the following range of adaptive mechanisms ranked in a descending order according to their relative importance in the total sample: �Desacralization�, �Regression�, �Desensitization�, �Positive re-evaluation�, �Displacement�, �Sublimation�, �Denial�. Conclusions. Being natural human emotion fear of death during combat activates defense mechanisms and coping strategies. The study of the projection of these occurrences in dark humor have made it possible to conclude that the military dark humor is the result of frustrating life experiences and aimed to reduce sensitivity to fears and improve their psychological state. This is achieved owing to changing the modal evaluation and the capability to be emotionally withdrawn.

English Рsychological trends in psychosomatic health maintainng

2021 ◽  
Vol 1 (22) ◽  
pp. 53-60
Author(s):  
Sergiy Dolinny ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Social Norms ◽  
Conflict Situation ◽  
Self Determination ◽  
Psychological Status ◽  
Psychosomatic Health ◽  
Self Actualization ◽  
Potential Risks ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Somatic Diseases

Introduction. The problem of interrelations of psychological status of a personality and psychosomatic health is examined. Aim of the article is to substantiate psychological trends in the context of maintaining the psychosomatic health of the individual. It is shown that maintaining psychosomatic health is possible on condition of correspondence of physiological, personal and social norms of the psychological potential of a person, the basis of which is constant. The author analyzes potential risks in the development of somatic diseases according to the destruction of a person’s psychic. Conclusion. Features and methods of maintaining the psychosomatic health of the individual are shown. The restructuring of the motivational sphere is due to the dominance of such leading motives, which are focused mainly on maintaining and restoring health, are aimed at self-determination of resources of psychological stability of each participant, to change attitudes to the problem-conflict situation, to develop self-actualization and formation of appropriate semantic orientations.

scholarly journals Mechanisms of Psychological Defense and Dominant Defense Behavior of Convicts for Terrorist and Extremist Activities

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 86-105
Author(s):  
B. G. Bovin ◽  
P.N.. Kazberov ◽  
I.B. Bovina
Keyword(s):  
Life Style ◽  
Defense Mechanisms ◽  
Strong Sense ◽  
Defense Behavior ◽  
Psychological Defense ◽  
The Real ◽  
Reaction Formation ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Real Action

The aim of the study was to identify the particularities of the defense behavior mechanisms among convicted for terrorist and extremist activities. A total of 469 convicts (351-for terrorist activities, 118 - for extremist activities) participated in the study. Life Style Index was used in order to reveal the defense mechanisms. The results allow us to talk about five types of defense: 1) dominance of projection and compensation defense mechanisms as means against the awareness of the negative and unacceptable personality qualities; 2) dominance of compensation in the profile indicates the desire to overcome a strong sense of inferiority; 3) dominance of reaction formation where unacceptable unconscious content is overcome by strengthening and development of exaggerated opposite trends; 4) dominance of intellectualization, where is the real action to remedy the anxiety and fears, the individual formulates an abstract of judgment, trying to get rid of one’s frustration; 5) dominance of denial, it refers to non-recognition, rejection of reality, displacement of thoughts, feelings, emotions from consciousness. In conclusion the potential of psychotherapeutic work is discussed.

scholarly journals Interaction with Reality in the Problems of Transformation of the Life Path of the Individual

2019 ◽  
Vol 21 (2) ◽  
pp. 451-458
Author(s):  
Ekaterina S. Fominykh
Keyword(s):  
Defense Mechanisms ◽  
Free Choice ◽  
Psychological Defense ◽  
Theoretical Concepts ◽  
Analysis And Synthesis ◽  
Life Path ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Key Aspects ◽  
The Relationship

This study features the relationship between the interaction of the individual with reality and the transformation of one’s life. The analysis and synthesis of domestic and foreign theoretical concepts allowed the authors to identify two key aspects of interaction with reality, which determine the constructive and destructive vector of life transformations. The development of personality and constructive changes in one’s life path are associated with the restructuring of reality on the basis of selective, selective, free choice, balance of openness/closeness and inclusion/distancing. This interaction results in an expansion of capabilities and adaptive resources of the individual. Situations of violation of psychological security and subjective comfort of the personal system, and threats to the Self of the individual distort the interaction with reality through the activation of psychological defense mechanisms. Dysfunctionality and scarcity of psychological defense mechanisms determine the preservation of the current life situation, personality stagnation, or regression and decay. The paper describes the role of socio-cultural factors in the process of distorted perception and interaction with reality. The results can be used for psychological and pedagogical support.

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